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Video recording of emergency department trauma resuscitations.

Although hospitals are faced with the challenges of appropriately informing the public regarding health care and protecting the privacy of patients, a comprehensive policy concerning videotaping of trauma resuscitations can be developed to comply with regulatory bodies. Video recording of trauma team resuscitations can be utilized as an effective quality improvement tool to evaluate trauma team performance, psychomotor skills and techniques, and to identify educational needs related to specific trauma populations. Video recording of Trauma resuscitations is an effective tool for improving trauma team performance by educating clinical staff regarding roles and responsibilities.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1988

Video recording trauma resuscitations: an effective teaching technique.

Since the initial hour after injury is the most crucial time for trauma patients, resuscitation technique is of vital importance. Standardized courses for first-hour management (ATLAS) have been widely accepted. A teaching format based upon video recording of every resuscitation has been developed. Tapes are reviewed by the staff and by the individuals involved in a particular resuscitation. In a weekly resuscitation review conference, actual footage is presented to the trauma team members, specific aspects of a resuscitation are critiqued, and supplemental didactic information is presented. Legal problems have been avoided by making the review and conference a part of the quality assurance process. Patient anonymity is preserved by positioning the video camera at the foot of the resuscitation bed. Tapes are erased after each conference. Video recording allows analysis of: 1) priorities during the resuscitation; 2) cognitive integration of the workup by the team leader; 3) physical integration of the workup by the team leader; 4) team member adherence to assigned responsibilities, resuscitation time, errors or breaks in technique; and 5) behavior change over time. In 3 1/2 years, more than 2,500 resuscitations have been recorded. Over a 3-month period, average resuscitation time to definitive care decreased for age- and injury severity-matched patient groups cared for by one team. Resuscitations have become more efficient and adherence to assigned responsibilities better. Weekly review of resuscitation contributes to improved technique and trauma care.

Critical Care↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of VHS video recording system with apple Macintosh-based image analysis and modified CODA-3 systems in equine motion analysis.

A VHS video--computer-based image analysis combination is described as a low sampling rate motion analysis system. Video recordings were taken indoor without any artificial illumination at 25 fps sampling rate. The horse studied was running on a high-speed treadmill and observed at 1.6, 4 and 7 m/s velocities at walk, trot and canter, respectively. Left forelimb and hindlimb were recorded separately from lateral view. For comparison, parallel CODA-3 recordings were taken at the same time from the same position. Joint angles were expressed and compared in angle-time diagrams. Sampling of both systems has been synchronised by a timer device at +/- 1/300 s error level. Results obtained with the two different recording systems were comparable in all joints measured with the exception of the fetlock. Inaccuracies in fetlock recordings are thought to be eliminated by measuring at controlled illumination. As a conclusion, the VHS-Macintosh setup appears to be promising as a simplified system for gait analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Validation of Portable Ergonomic Observation (PEO) method using optoelectronic and video recordings.

The validity of the 'Portable Ergonomic Observation' method (PEO) was investigated against posture measurements based on continuous optoelectronic and video recordings made simultaneously with the observation. Work postures and actions during different frequently changing tasks were analyzed using both methods. In general, a high agreement between measured and observed data was achieved for the duration of clearly identifiable sustained postures and actions (such as repetitive movements of hands when typing), as well as for the frequency of clearly distinguishable actions (such as lifts). The agreement between observations and measurements was low for neck postures. In dynamic tasks the agreement was generally low. This was probably because of high levels of simultaneous information for the observer. No improvement in the agreement between measured and observed events could be achieved by leaving parts of the PEO categories unobserved at a time. Playback of video tapes to observe each category separately would increase the reliability of the observations but at the expense of increased time for the analysis.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed2005

Improving the accuracy and reliability of motion tracking methods used for extracting temporal motor activity signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures.

This paper presents an approach for improving the accuracy and reliability of motion tracking methods developed for video based on block motion models. This approach estimates the displacement of a block of pixels between two successive frames by minimizing an error function defined in terms of the pixel intensities at these frames. The minimization problem is made analytically tractable by approximating the error function using a second-order Taylor expansion. The improved reliability of the proposed method is illustrated by its application in the extraction of temporal motor activity signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Focal akinetic seizures as documented by electroencephalography and video recordings.

In three patients with focal epilepsies, focal akinetic seizures that were characterized by ictal paresis of the contralateral arm during preserved consciousness were recorded with EEG and video. MRI and ictal/interictal EEG revealed a frontal or central focus in all patients. Focal akinetic seizures are probably due to epileptic activation of negative motor areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Video recording system for the measurement of eyelid movements during classical conditioning of the eyeblink response in the rabbit.

Classical conditioning of the eyeblink response in the rabbit is a popular model for studying the neural substrates of associative learning. Most of the common eyeblink recording techniques require invasive procedures. To perform experiments in intact animals, a non-invasive, high-speed video recording system was developed to measure eyeblink responses of rabbits during classical conditioning experiments. Besides being non-invasive, this method does not require excessive restraint of the animal. The PC-based system combines a Pulnix video camera with National Instruments video capture and timing hardware to control the experiment and acquire images of the peri-ocular region. The software developed for controlling these experiments also detects the eyeblink by measuring the movement of the upper and lower eyelids, the area of the exposed surface of the eye, and head movements in the sagittal plane. The time resolution of this relatively inexpensive system is 8.33 ms, and at a working distance of 0.8 m, it can detect movements as small as 0.11 mm.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Aberrant eating behavior in elderly parkinsonian patients with and without dementia: analysis of video-recorded meals.

Aberrant eating behavior among 14 elderly, non-demented and 10 demented patients with Parkinson's disease was studied by means of video-recordings. The findings revealed problems in handling food on the plate, transporting food into the mouth, manipulating food in the mouth, and swallowing. Interpretations were performed based on impairments of autonomic processes, perception, cognition, emotion, and motor performance that occur in the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Quantifying motion in video recordings of neonatal seizures by robust motion trackers based on block motion models.

This paper introduces a methodology for the development of robust motion trackers for video based on block motion models. According to this methodology, the motion of a site between two successive frames is estimated by minimizing an error function defined in terms of the intensities at these frames. The proposed methodology is used to develop robust motion trackers that rely on fractional block motion models. The motion trackers developed in this paper are utilized to extract motor activity signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures. The experimental results reveal that the proposed motion trackers are more accurate and reliable than existing motion tracking methods relying on pure translation and affine block motion models.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Behavioral state distribution throughout 24-h video recordings in preterm infants at term with good prognosis.

Behavioral state distribution in 19 preterm infants at term with good developmental prognosis was studied by 24-h video recordings. The preterm infants of shortest gestation had longer time awake and this was concentrated in the daytime. On classifying behavioral states by Prechtl's criteria, the preterm infants had a smaller amount of state 1 than healthy term infants; but a similar amount of state 5 in awake time. Preterm infants were thought to have accelerated development in terms of diurnal sleep-awake rhythm, and decelerated development in terms of the content of sleep manifested by the amount of state 1.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1998

Scoring of sleep and wakefulness by behavioral analysis from video recordings in rhesus monkeys: comparison with conventional EEG analysis.

Extensive work on sleep-wake cycles in non-human primates has been carried out using conventional EEG scoring. In this study, simultaneous somnopolygrams and video recordings at 1 frame/s were performed on 6 adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a 24 h period. Wakefulness, NREM sleep and REM sleep were scored by analysis of animal behavior from video data, using characteristic criteria for each state of vigilance. Results were then compared with those of conventional EEG scoring. Values of the total amount for each state obtained by the two scoring methods during the light and the dark periods were significantly closely related (P < 0.001) with a high correlation coefficient for wakefulness (r1 = 0.99956), for NREM sleep (r1 = 0.99641) and for REM sleep (r1 = 0.98708). Moreover, the epoch by epoch analysis between both methods showed a high concordance with percent agreement values of 95.68% for wakefulness, 93.52% for NREM sleep and 94.02% for REM sleep. The number of REM sleep episodes was similarly defined. The patterns of successive sleep-wake cycles determined from both scorings were superimposable, as were the frequent state changes for the same time segments. The video method's main limitation was that the 4 stages of NREM sleep could not be differentiated. Reliability and advantages of sleep-wake scoring by behavioral analysis are discussed. These results suggest that the video methodology is relevant as a non-invasive technique complementary to conventional EEG analysis for sleep studies in rhesus monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of cell morphology by video recording and computer-assisted image analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various cell culture conditions on cell morphology. Cell morphology was estimated by means of video recording and computer-assisted image analysis. Cell contours from the stored images of either live cells or fixed and stained cells were determined automatically, and cellular area, form factor, and average cell brightness were calculated. Using the mouse fibroblastoid L 929 cell line (L-cells) and the rat glioma BT4C cell line, it was found that a number of methodological parameters strongly affected cell morphology. These included confluency of cells before dissociation, dissociation procedure, cell seeding density, cultivation time, and culture substratum. The substratum, particularly collagen type I and fibronectin, profoundly affected cell morphology. Using drugs affecting cytoskeletal organization or cell substratum interactions, it was shown that average cell brightness was a valuable parameter for estimation of cellular attachment. Cytochalasin D, which impairs actin filaments, caused a dramatic increase in the average cell brightness in both cell lines. Nocodazole, which depolymerizes microtubules, mainly affected the L-cells, whereas the BT4C-cells were largely unaffected, indicating that microtubules were morphological determinants for the former cell line but not for the latter. When cells were grown on fibronectin, an RGD-peptide only affected L-cell attachment, indicating that BT4C-cells only expressed low (if any) amounts of RGD recognizing integrins. The interassay precision of the employed procedure depended on culture substratum; the coefficients of variation ranged from 7-24%. Lowest variations in area determination were found for cells grown on fibronectin. The coefficient of variation of form factor determinations was generally around 20%, independent of substrata and culture time.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Working conditions and functional body stress of operators in the television video recording centers].

In order to determine the ways for prevention of operators' overstrain, the working conditions and functional body stress were dynamically studied during the 12-hour shift by means of TV video-recording. The majority of operators experienced some neurologic disorders, high rates of situational and personality anxiety and an elevated level of neurotism. Mean rate of potential systoles was 75 +/- 2 per min, systolic arterial pressure 114 +/- 2, diastolic AP 74 +/- 2 mm of mercury column. No renewable dynamics of the above indicators was noted. The Kerdau vegetative index experienced a decline from + 6.0 +/- 2.5 to -6.5 +/- 3.0 arbitrary units during the shift. The regulatory system strain index in the half of the examined workers reached 300AU. The speed of data processing remained stable during the shift. To its end the critical fusion frequency on the peripheric visual field and remote visual thresholds decreased and differentiated achromatic thresholds increased. The level of operators' functional body strain could be regarded as admissible. The above characteristics of load response of some physiologic systems were assumed to be variants of an adaptable norm. The proposed preventive measures assisted in decreasing operators' functional body strain.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed1991

[Coworkers in focus. An analysis of video recordings from receptions in general practice--a method of self evaluation of the coworker and for future development of cooperative forms in general practice].

The article describes a simple method for self-assessment and group-assessment of video recordings from the reception area in a general practice. In a group setting, the method was found to increase the receptionists' confidence in their own professional skills and revealed the need to pay more attention to communication between patients and receptionists. The layout of the reception area was rearranged and changes in the daily routines in the practice were suggested.

Communication↗
PubMed2002

A method for evaluation of manual work using synchronised video recordings and physiological measurements.

Industrial interventions that focus on increased productivity may impair the ergonomics, on a workstation or individual level. This paper presents a method that characterises work time consumption and physical work load of manual work, using video recordings synchronised with physiological measurements of, e.g. muscular activity, and postures. The underlying idea was that it is possible to amalgamate technical and human aspects resulting in a synergetic evaluation. The method was developed through two case studies within the Swedish automotive industry, where manual materials handling was studied. A methodological result was that the synchronising procedure was sufficiently precise to allow work activities to be assigned significantly different levels of physical work load. These different levels may be used to predict physical work load in the design and change of production systems. It was concluded that the method is accurate enough to be a useful tool in industrial interventions.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1980

[Practical experience with video recorders during screening procedures (author's transl)].

As a result of increasing standardisation and simplification of video recorders, it has proved possible to use equipment made by various firms for electronic recording. Instead of an expensive central set-up, screening procedures could be recorded either dynamically or statically on mobile recorders in every x-ray room. The procedure is largely automated. Both tape and disc recorders were used in 625 and 1249 recordings respectively. In addition to shorter screening time, there were other advantages which are described.

Technology, Radiologic↗