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PubMed1975

Further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan carnivores.

Antibodies against rangiferine brucellosis, Brucella suis type 4, are commonly found in the serum of various domestic and wild alaskian carnivores which feed on caribou, Rangifer tarandus granti, arctic Alaska. Sled dogs from five native villages on the range of the Artic caribou herd, but not from two villages on the the range of the Porcupine caribou herd, are commonly infected. Wolves (Canis lupus) and red foxes (Vulpes fulva) are less commonly infected. About 90% of the grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) associated with the Artic caribou herd and 30% of those associated with the porcupine caribou herd show serologic signs of exposure to Brucella, presumalby the enzootic strain present in Alaska caribou. This is the first evidence of natural Brucella infection in bears. It is concluded that infection of predators by enzootic strains of Brucella present in prey species (e.g., ruminants) is common to many areas of the world. Evidence from the literature and unpublished experimental data suggest that such infections may intefere with reproduction in wild species, but additional study is needed to clearly resolve this question.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1976

Successful protection of humans exposed to rabies infection. Postexposure treatment with the new human diploid cell rabies vaccine and antirabies serum.

Forty-five persons severely bitten by rabid dogs and wolves in Iran were treated after exposure with a new rabies vaccine produced in cultures of human diploid cells. All except one also received one injection of rabies immune serum. This treatment, in contrast to past experience with other vaccines, resulted in protection of all individuals against rabies. Thus, almost a century after the postexposure treatment of humans was initiated, an effective tool for protecting man against rabies has finally been developed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in a stray dog population in western New York.

In a survey in 1973 undertaken to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in 100 dogs from a public pound in western New York, 2 dogs were found to be positive. Microfilariae of Dipetalonema sp were not present. Hearts and pulmonary blood vessels were dissected for adult worms, and blood samples were examined for microfilariae, using a modified Knott technique. Although adult heartworms and microfilariae have been recovered from wild foxes, coyotes, and wolves in New York, this is the first report of heartworm in domesticated dogs in the state.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[The ligaments and menisci of the femorotibial joint of the wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758)--anatomic and functional analysis in comparison with the domestic dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris)].

Based on dissection of 11 (4 m and 7f) adult wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) kept in captivity, the morphology and mechanics of the ligaments and menisci of the femorotibial joint are described. Compared with the anatomical data of the dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris), the differences are discussed with respect to their importance for functional considerations.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Behavior of dogs].

The present results of comparative ethology in different dog breeds make plain their very variable demands in social life as in other environmental criteria. Dog breeds differ as greatly in behaviour characteristics that environmental demands in dogs are less to be described as "species typical" rather than as breed specific. Characteristics in behaviour that are typical of certain dog breeds could be proved especially in the following fields: 1. Ontogeny of behaviour does not develop in a "domestic dog typical" way, rather it is characterized by significant differences among dog breeds concerning the rate of development of certain behavioural characters and physiological processes (both relative retardation and relative acceleration compared to the ontogeny of behaviour in wolves). 2. There are breed typical differences in expressive behaviour and in communication. 3. Dog breeds show differences in social behaviour and bonding behaviour toward humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[The origin, growth, use, size and form of the ligamentum phrenicopericardium of Canis lupus (L. 1758) compared to Canis lupus f. familiaris].

The Lig. phrenicopericardiacum of wolves who lived in captivity has been examined with regard to the following aspects: origin, run, insertion, size (breadth and length), and form. The findings of investigations were compared with the corresponding ones stated in the literature for dogs; the correspondences as well as the differences between the both species were pointed out and the possible reasons for them were discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Trichinelliasis in western Podolia].

Situation with trichinosis in the Ternopol Province (Ukraine) in the period from 1962 to 1987 was studied. Muscle samples taken from 6695 animals of 20 species were investigated by the compressor method and by the method of digestion in artificial gastric juice. Trichinosis was detected in wolves, foxes, martens, ferrets, domestic dogs, cats and gray rats. In 1954--1979 39 trichinosis cases were registered in humans with 4 lethal cases. Domestic pigs proved to be the source of invasion. Since 1980 up to the end of investigation trichinosis cases have not been registered in people or in domestic pigs. Trichinosis invasion of wild, domestic and synanthropic mammals has decreased. Large work is being carried out to realize antitrichinosis measures.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

The paradoxical extinction: Exploring signatures of assortative mating as a possible mechanism that maintains canonical Red Wolf genetic ancestry in the American Gulf Coast canids.

Admixed genomes, particularly those with an evolutionary history of genetic exchange with an endangered or extinct species, are valued for innovative and unconventional conservation actions. Here, we show the substantial conservation value that the admixed canids of the Gulf Coast have as they retain high amounts of contemporary Red Wolf ancestry and unique genetic variation of past Red Wolf lineages (e.g. ghost ancestry). We analyzed 54,439 loci genotyped across the genome of 413 North American canids and investigated the role that assortative mating with respect to ancestry proportions played in the retention of endangered genetic variation. We report high correlations of inter-chromosomal ancestry proportions that varied with geographic location along Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast populations, with the stronger signatures reported in the latter. We found that models of assortative mating promoted greater ancestry variance compared with random mating leading to increased efficiency of selection for Red Wolf and ghost alleles. Despite the Red Wolf being extinct in the wild, original, and ghost genomic variation persists in Gulf Coast admixed canids. We suggest two conservation strategies that value and preserve this unique and endangered genomic variation through designed breeding programs. Ultimately the incorporation of this ghost genetic variation would be valuable to boost the genetic viability of the ex situ Red Wolf breeding program, create in situ redundancy, and avoid extinction for this endemic American wolf species.

Animals↗