SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “conversation orientation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

A protein friction model of the actin sliding movement generated by myosin in mixtures of MgATP and MgGTP in vitro.

The sliding movement of an actin filament generated by myosin heads with MgGTP bound is much slower than that by those with MgATP bound. Nonetheless, there is a report that the actin sliding velocity at low (11-21 microM) MgATP concentrations is increased by the addition of MgGTP in a range of 1-3 mM, although the actin sliding velocity at these MgATP concentrations is larger than the maximum sliding velocity attained in the presence of MgGTP alone. The convex rise in the velocity was called "mutual sensitization of MgATP and MgGTP" in the report. Here we propose a theoretical model to account for the mutual sensitization of MgATP and MgGTP. The model is an extension of a protein friction model, accommodating the presence of two different substrates and assuming the presence of motile and non-motile myosins. This new model is in accord with the characteristics of the actin/myosin sliding movement experimentally observed in mixtures of MgATP and MgGTP. Comparison of the model with the experimental results implies that the non-motile and motile myosins are those with the "converse and correct" orientations of their heads with respect to the direction of the actin sliding movement in vitro.

Actins↗

PubMed2005

A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale score to simplified alternative scores for the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The 15-point Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is extensively used in the initial evaluation of traumatic brain injury in emergency department (ED) settings. We hypothesized that the GCS might be unnecessarily complex and that a simpler scoring system might demonstrate similar accuracy in the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed a prospectively maintained trauma registry of patients evaluated at our Level I trauma center from 1990 to 2002. We calculated the test performance of ED GCS scores relative to 4 clinically relevant traumatic brain injury outcomes (emergency intubation, neurosurgical intervention, brain injury, and mortality) using areas under their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We performed similar analyses for each of the 3 GCS components and for 2 simplified 3-point scores (simplified verbal score: oriented=2, confused conversation=1, inappropriate words or less=0; simplified motor score: obeys commands=2, localizes pain=1, withdrawal to pain or less=0). We then compared the test performance of each of these 5 to the total GCS score using a priori thresholds for clinically important differences. RESULTS: Each of the 3 GCS components alone and the 2 simplified 3-point scores demonstrated ROC areas within 9% of that of the GCS score for the 4 outcomes, with a median difference of 3.0% (interquartile range 1.6% to 4.5%). These differences were all below our a priori definitions of clinical importance. CONCLUSION: The 3 individual GCS components alone and two 3-point simplified scores demonstrated test performance similar to the total GCS score for the prediction of 4 clinically relevant traumatic brain injury outcomes. Despite the widespread use of the GCS for the initial evaluation of traumatic brain injury, this score may be unnecessarily complex for this indication.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The modified beachchair position for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: the La Jolla beachchair.

Arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder is usually performed in the lateral decubitus or beachchair position. The modified beachchair position described here allows arthroscopic procedures to be performed as in the lateral position yet maintains a semiupright orientation and permits conversion to open procedures as in the beachchair position. The results of this technique are reported for 50 consecutive patients with a variety of diagnoses. This modified beachchair position was found to be quickly and easily accomplished with a minimum of special equipment.

Arthroscopy↗

PubMed1992

Frontier orbital study on the 4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase-dependent activity with benzoate derivatives.

Based on molecular orbital computer calculations the present paper provides a new hypothesis for catalytic characteristics of 4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2). A clear correlation between in kcat for the conversion of a series of 4-hydroxylated substrates and their E(HOMO) leads to the hypothesis that Frontier orbital HOMO characteristics [E(HOMO) and HOMO density on C3] of the substrates are the predominant factor in regulating the fate of a benzoate derivative at the active site of the enzyme. The HOMO characteristics can be used to explain whether a compound will be converted by the enzyme or merely acts as an effector. Furthermore, the hypothesis provides quantitative theoretical support for a catalytic mechanism in which the substrate reacts in its dianionic form and for a mechanism in which the electrophilic attack of the C(4a)-peroxyflavin, or of the hydroxyl radical derived from it, on the benzoate dianion is the rate limiting step in catalysis at pH 8, 25 degrees C. Finally, it is demonstrated that the hypothesis can be used as a basis for the formulation of working hypotheses in future research, investigating the conversion and regioselective orientation of the various possible substrates in the active site of the wild-type 4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase, its mutants as well as of various other flavin-dependent aromatic hydroxylases, such as for example 3-hydroxybenzoate-4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.23), 3-hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.24) and phenol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.7).

4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase↗

PubMed2003

Factors influencing the desire for children.

187 college students (139 women; 175 between the ages of 18 to 25 years) were asked to report how many children they desired. Participants' desire for children was unrelated to skin color, socioeconomic status, and the need for postbaccalaureate education. Conversely, sex, value orientation, and religious orientation were significantly associated with a desire for children.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Examination of the unintentional effect of stimulus medium and context on preference for psychotherapy.

Past research that has examined preferences for different psychotherapy orientations has yielded inconsistent results. This study investigated whether the discrepant results are artifacts of the methods chosen. Stimulus context (therapy session vs. therapy description) and stimulus medium (audiovisual vs. written) were investigated in comparing preferences for the behavioral and person-centered orientations. Over 300 undergraduates rated their preference for both psychotherapy orientations on a 4-item questionnaire. The behavioral orientation received a significantly higher preference score when both orientations were presented audiovisually as a therapy session. Conversely, the person-centered orientation received a higher preference score when both orientations were presented as a written description. Given the current methodology, rated preference for type of therapy may be determined more by how specifically the therapies are presented than by the actual saliency that a particular orientation holds for an individual.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The reliability of computerized tomographic detection of the Onodi (Sphenoethmoid) cell.

Optic nerve injury is a devastating potential complication of endoscopic sinus surgery. Anatomic variations of the posterior ethmoid sinus are certainly contributing factors. In the most well described posterior ethmoid anatomical variant, the sphenoethmoid or Onodi cell, the optic nerve is placed at risk during sinus surgery. Improving preoperative and intraoperative identification of the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell could decrease the risk of optic nerve injury. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability of computerized tomography (CT) in detecting the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell, and further our understanding of this clinically relevant anatomic variant. A total of 41 sinonasal complexes from 21 human adult cadaveric heads were studied with a standard coronal and axial plane CT, and subsequent endoscopic dissection. The prevalence of the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell was determined by CT and endoscopic dissection, as were other anatomic characteristics of the posterior ethmoid anatomy. In our study, CT identified a sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell in 3/41 (7%) of the sphenoethmoid complexes. However, anatomic dissection identified a sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell in 16/41 (39%) complexes. Coronal orientation of the anterior sphenoid wall was never associated with a sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell. Conversely, oblique or horizontal orientations were present in all cases of sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cells. Current CT scanning protocols for the paranasal sinuses did not reliably detect the Onodi cell. Endoscopic dissection indicates that the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell is a more frequent anatomic variant than previously appreciated. Awareness of anterior sphenoid wall orientation may assist surgeons in identifying the Onodi cell, thereby reducing the risk of optic nerve trauma.

Cadaver↗

PubMed2002

Thymosin beta-10 protein synthesis suppression reduces the growth of human thyroid carcinoma cells in semisolid medium.

Beta-thymosins are structurally related, highly conserved acidic polypeptides, originally isolated from calf thymus. We have recently shown that the TB10 gene is overexpressed in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines and tissues, particularly in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, but expressed at an undetectable level in normal thyroid cells. The precise role of thymosin beta-10 (TB10) activity in maintaining the malignant phenotype of thyroid cell lines is unknown. To investigate TB10 function and relevance in a model system we used an antisense methodology to suppress TB10 protein synthesis in two human thyroid carcinoma cell lines (NPA and ARO). The growth in soft agar of NPA and ARO cells carrying a TB10 construct in an antisense orientation was significantly reduced. Conversely, anchorage-dependent growth was unchanged in NPA and ARO cells carrying the TB10 construct in a sense orientation or carrying the backbone vector. TB10 expression also affected actin organization. In fact, stress fibers were long and thick in ARO cells in which TB10 expression was suppressed by the antisense construct. Conversely, they were scarce and short in the vector-transfected ARO cells. These data suggest that TB10 plays a critical role in the regulation of anchorage-independent growth and assembly of actin filaments.

Agar↗

PubMed1996

The influence of stimulus location on the brain activation pattern in detection and orientation discrimination. A PET study of visual attention.

This PET study concerns changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) associated with orientation discrimination tasks and with simple detection of the stimulus. The difference in rCBF between discrimination and detection represents the discrimination, or 'task', component of the response. We have examined how such differences are influenced by the position of the visual stimulus and also how they change when a peripheral distractor is added to a relevant central stimulus. We first determined the regions in which the task produced the main effect regardless of stimulus position or distraction with an additional stimulus. In these selected regions, we determined the interactions between task and stimulus position and the interactions between task and stimulus addition. Five regions were more active during orientation discrimination than during stimulus detection: the inferior occipital cortex, the right putamen, the superior parietal lobule, the anterior cingulate cortex and the left lower and the right upper premotor area. Stimulus addition interacted with task only in the lower premotor area. Interactions between the task and stimulus position occurred in the occipital and parietal cortex and in the putamen. When a central stimulus was presented instead of a peripheral one the difference between orientation discrimination and stimulus detection was significantly larger in the inferior occipital lobe and in the right putamen. Conversely, the difference between orientation discrimination and stimulus detection in the superior parietal lobule was significantly larger when a peripheral stimulus was presented instead of a central one.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Analysis of nurse conversation: methodology of the process recording.

Analysis of nurse conversation: methodology of the process recording The study explored elements of effective nurse-client interaction between a nurse and a nursing home resident on the third day of the client's recovery from surgery. The interaction was recorded from memory in the form of a process recording then divided into unique conversation segments. Two nurses independently used seven typologies to classify segments of the conversation. Cohen's coefficient kappa for inter-rater reliability of the classifications was 0.98. Findings from the study revealed that two-thirds of the nurse's conversation was effective and consistent with the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship. The nurse communicated her role through the provision of leadership, resources and help, and technical expertise. Her approaches were rather evenly divided between making requests, giving information, and affirming the client's experience. One-third of the conversation was oriented toward assessment and diagnosis, one half toward treatment of the client's experiences, and the rest toward planning and evaluation. Themes identified in the client's conversation included issues of dependency, disorientation to time, unresolved grief, separation anxiety, and the client's need for validation. These findings are valuable for illuminating the contribution that nurse conversation makes to evidence-based clinical practices. They also have implications for further refinements in the use of the process record and multiple coding schemes for the study of the nurse-client relationship.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Differential effects of the mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MSH3 on homeologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The products of the yeast mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MSH3 participate in the inhibition of genetic recombination between homeologous (divergent) DNA sequences. In strains deficient for these genes, homeologous recombination rates between repeated elements are elevated due to the loss of this inhibition. In this study, the effects of these mutations were further analyzed by quantitation of mitotic homeologous recombinants as crossovers, gene conversions or exceptional events in wild-type, msh2, msh3 and msh2 msh3 mutant strains. When homeologous sequences were present as a direct repeat in one orientation, crossovers and gene conversions were elevated in msh2, msh3 and msh2 msh3 strains. The increases were greater in the msh2 msh3 double mutant than in either single mutant. When the order of the homeologous sequences was reversed, the msh2 mutation again yielded increased rates of crossovers and gene conversions. However, in an msh3 strain, gene conversions occurred at higher levels but interchromosomal crossovers were not increased and intrachromosomal crossovers were reduced relative to wild type. The msh2 msh3 double mutant behaved like the msh2 single mutant in this orientation. Control strains harboring homologous duplications were largely but not entirely unaffected in mutant strains, suggesting specificity for the mismatched intermediates of homeologous recombination. In all strains, very few (< 10%) recombinants could be attributed to exceptional events. These results suggest that MSH2 and MSH3 can function differentially to control homeologous exchanges.

DNA Repair↗

PubMed2005

Checking an integrated model of web accessibility and usability evaluation for disabled people.

A combined objective-oriented and subjective-oriented method for evaluating accessibility and usability of web pages for students with disability was tested. The objective-oriented approach is devoted to verifying the conformity of interfaces to standard rules stated by national and international organizations responsible for web technology standardization, such as W3C. Conversely, the subjective-oriented approach allows assessing how the final users interact with the artificial system, accessing levels of user satisfaction based on personal factors and environmental barriers. Five kinds of measurements were applied as objective-oriented and subjective-oriented tests. Objective-oriented evaluations were performed on the Help Desk web page for students with disability, included in the website of a large Italian state university. Subjective-oriented tests were administered to 19 students labeled as disabled on the basis of their own declaration at the University enrolment: 13 students were tested by means of the SUMI test and six students by means of the 'Cooperative evaluation'. Objective-oriented and subjective-oriented methods highlighted different and sometimes conflicting results. Both methods have pointed out much more consistency regarding levels of accessibility than of usability. Since usability is largely affected by individual differences in user's own (dis)abilities, subjective-oriented measures underscored the fact that blind students encountered much more web surfing difficulties.

Computer User Training↗

PubMed1988

Unfamiliar environments impair information processing as measured by behavioral and cardiac orienting responses to auditory stimuli in preweanling and adult rats.

Placing animals in an unfamiliar environment triggers at least two major reactions: (1) a heightened state of arousal, fear, or distress and (2) a sharp increase in information processing as the animal attempts to learn about its new environment. These changes could have a profound effect on the way in which the animal reacts to the types of extraneous innocuous stimuli typically used to study learning and memory. For example, an increase in arousal or fear could either (1) make the animal more "attentive" to stimulus change resulting in a larger orienting response, or (2) produce a shift from orienting to defensive responding. Conversely, processing of the new stimuli present in the unfamiliar environment may make the animal less responsive to additional extrinsic stimulation. These possibilities were examined experimentally using both autonomic and behavioral measures of orienting and defensive responses. The results demonstrated that animals fail to exhibit either an orienting response or a defensive response to a novel auditory stimulus when they are first placed in an unfamiliar environment. With continued exposure to the test environment the orienting response appears and then shows a time-dependent increase in magnitude. This pattern of results was obtained in both preweaning and young adult rats. On the basis of additional research and analysis, it was concluded that a limitation in information processing capacity was the primary reason for the failure of the orienting response to occur when an animal is first placed in an unfamiliar test chamber.

Aging↗

PubMed1999

Gene duplication and gene conversion in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome.

A comprehensive analysis of duplication and gene conversion for 7394 Caenorhabditis elegans genes (about half the expected total for the genome) is presented. Of the genes examined, 40% are involved in duplicated gene pairs. Intrachromosomal or cis gene duplications occur approximately two times more often than expected. In general the closer the members of duplicated gene pairs are, the more likely it is that gene orientation is conserved. Gene conversion events are detectable between only 2% of the duplicated pairs. Even given the excesses of cis duplications, there is an excess of gene conversion events between cis duplicated pairs on every chromosome except the X chromosome. The relative rates of cis and trans gene conversion and the negative correlation between conversion frequency and DNA sequence divergence for unconverted regions of converted pairs are consistent with previous experimental studies in yeast. Three recent, regional duplications, each spanning three genes are described. All three have already undergone substantial deletions spanning hundreds of base pairs. The relative rates of duplication and deletion may contribute to the compactness of the C. elegans genome.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Importance of conversion for results obtained with laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

PURPOSE: The need for a conversion is a problem inherent in laparoscopic surgery. The present study points up the significance of conversion for the results obtained with laparoscopic colorectal surgery and identifies the risk factors that establish the need for conversion. METHOD: The study took the form of a multicentric, prospective, observational study within the Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group. A total of 33 institutions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland participated. The study period was 3.5 years. Cases were documented with the aid of a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Within the framework of the Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group, a total of 1,658 patients were recruited to a multicenter study over a period of three and one-half years (from August 1, 1995 to February 1, 1999). The observed conversion rate was 5.2 percent (n = 86). The patients requiring a conversion were significantly heavier (body mass index, 26.5 vs. 24.9) than those undergoing pure laparoscopy. Resections of the rectum were associated with a higher risk for conversion (20.9 vs. 13 percent). Intraoperative complications occurred significantly more frequently in the conversion group (27.9 vs. 3.8 percent). The duration of the operation was significantly increased after conversion in a considerable proportion of the procedures performed. Postoperative morbidity (47.7 vs. 26.1 percent), mortality (3.5 vs. 1.5 percent), recovery time, and postoperative hospital stay were all negatively influenced by conversion, in part significantly. Institutions with experience of more than 100 laparoscopic colorectal procedures proved to have a significantly lower conversion rate than those with experience of fewer than 100 such interventions (4.3 vs. 6.9 percent). CONCLUSION: Although, of itself, conversion is not considered to be a complication of laparoscopic surgery, it is true that the postoperative course after conversion is associated with appreciably poorer results in terms of morbidity, mortality, convalescence, blood transfusion requirement, and postoperative hospital stay. The importance of experience in laparoscopic surgery can be demonstrated on the basis of the conversion rates. Careful patient selection oriented to the experience of the surgeon is required if we are to keep the conversion, morbidity, and mortality rates of laparoscopic colorectal procedures as low as possible.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed2000

Interference from distractors in reach-to-grasp movements.

Descriptions of interference effects from non-relevant stimuli are extensive in visual target detection and identification paradigms. To explore the influence of features of non-relevant objects on reach-to-grasp movements, we instructed healthy normal controls to reach for and pick up a cylinder (target) placed midsagittally 30 cm from the starting position of the hand. In Experiment 1, the target was presented alone, or accompanied by a narrower, wider, or same-size distractor positioned to the left or right of the target. In Experiment 2, the target was presented alone or accompanied by a distractor, which was slanted at a different orientation to the target. Reflective markers were placed on the wrist, thumb, and index finger of the right hand, and infra-red light-detecting cameras recorded their displacement through a calibrated 3-dimensional working space. Kinematic parameters were derived and analysed. Consistent changes in the expression of peak velocity, acceleration, and deceleration were evident when the distractor was narrower or wider than the target. The impact of the orientation of the distractor, conversely, was not marked. We discuss the results in the context of physiological findings and models of selective attention.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Toward establishing a unified metric for performance and learning goal orientations.

Findings in the goal orientation literature are convoluted due to sample and scale dependent interpretations and potentially the use of inappropriate measurement models for ordinal data. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the possibility of developing a common metric in order to enhance communication among goal orientation researchers using different scales. A simultaneous calibration of four commonly used goal orientation scales was undertaken to investigate if item responses meet the unidimensionality requirement of Rasch models and hence provided a common metric. Participants were 305 third year psychology students at a large University in France. Results indicated that 30 of 36 learning goal and 28 of 33 performance goals items from the four scales defined unidimensional constructs. Correlations between person measures from the four scales and the simultaneous calibration for both learning goal and performance goals support the interpretation of unidimensional variables. Raw score to interval measure conversion tables provide goal orientation researchers using different scales a common metric for interpretation and statistical analyses. Limitations and extensions of this research are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Possible neural substrates for orientation analysis and perception.

Recent research into the response properties of extrastriate visual cortical mechanisms has revealed single-cell functional organisation which closely parallels certain global and apparently emergent properties of psychophysical observation. An attempt is made to relate previous data on orientation illusions and aftereffects to these extrastriate mechanisms and new data which cannot be explained adequately by V1 (striate) orientation channels are discussed. Conversely, properties of cells in areas such as V3, V4, MT, and others seem to provide an obvious neural substrate for global interactions. It is suggested that psychological 'explanations' couched in terms of 'hypotheses' or 'cognitive problem solving' lack heuristic value, and that, in contrast, the properties of extrastriate cells can suggest novel experimental psychophysical paradigms which are designed to probe these higher-order global mechanisms more or less selectively.

Animals↗