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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. Section IV: Long-term management of the transplant recipient. IV.3.3. Long-term immunosuppression. Toxicity of immunosuppression.

GUIDELINES: A. Careful long-term monitoring of graft recipients is mandatory to discover signs of immunosuppressive drug toxicity, in particular nephrotoxicity. B. In the case of a discrepancy between the drug dose and signs of toxicity, then a thorough pharmacokinetic analysis should be performed. C. Cardiovascular, renal and metabolic risks and the risk of de novo malignancy must be considered in a long-term monitoring programme.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Modification of the immune reaction by antigen-immunosuppressive-agent conjugates. II. Immunogenicity of antigen-immunosuppressive-agent conjugates].

The maintenance of specific immunogenicity of carrier proteins is a necessary condition for the successful use of antigen-immunosuppressive agent-conjugates (AIC) for an antigen specific suppression of the immune response. The experimental results indicate that, in spite of the binding of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and toluyl (T) to bovine gamma globulin (BGG) and human serum albumin (HSA), the carrier specific immunogenicity is not significantly altered. The intradermal application of 6-MP-BGG and T-BGG emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant in guinea pigs results, in all cases, in a well detectable anti BGG hemagglutination and precipitation titer. This kind of immunization leads also to a formation of anti 6-mercaptopurine and anti new antigen determinants (NAD's) antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Modification of the immune reaction by antigen-immunosuppressive-agent conjugates. IV. Studies on the specific suppression of humoral immune response in guinea pigs by antigen-immunosuppressive-agent conjugates].

Bovine gamma globulin (BGG) antigens were modified by the binding of 6-mercaptopurine and toluyl residues, and their influence on the humoral immune response in guinea pigs was investigated. The antigen-immunosuppressive agent-conjugates (AIC) were different, depending on the method used for their preparation and the number of coupled residues per one molecule of BGG. Conjugates denoted as MPI-n-BGG were prepared by special chemical binding of corresponding thioisocyanates. MPII-n-BGG were synthetized by acetylation, and MPIII-n-BGG conjugates, by reductive alkylation. Pretreatment of guinea pigs with MPIII-19-BGG, MPII-16-BGG resulted in a stimulatory effect on the subsequent humoral immune response induced by BGG application. A significant suppressive influence was detectable if the animals had been pretreated with MPII-6-BGG and MPI-26-BGG. MPI-13-BGG and MPI-36-BGG had no effect on the later induced anti-BGG antibody formation. The immune response against a second antigen (human serum albumin) was not influenced by this kind of pretreatment of the animals. Therefore it seems justified to conclude that both stimulatory and suppressive effects seen here were antigen specific and that both the method for chemical modification and the number of coupled 6-MP residues are very important for their effectivity.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1995

Administration of tumor cell chromatin to immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed non-human primates.

For decades, developers and regulators of vaccines and other biological products have been concerned about the theoretical risk to patients posed by contaminants derived from the cell substrates used to produce those products. The present study addresses the issue of how risky DNA may be as a residual impurity by injecting both normal and immunosuppressed monkeys with 10(8) genome equivalents of DNA from a human tumor cell line. After more than eight years of observation, none of the animals shows evidence of neoplastic disease. The results of this study along with clinical experiences with already approved products derived from continuous cell lines suggest that he benefits of using such cells for the production of biologicals far outweigh any theoretical risks associated with DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunosuppression by Moloney leukemia virus: lack of correlation between virus replication and the immunosuppressive effect.

Young adult mice were infected with 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU) or Moloney murine leukemia virus M-MuLV. Two different virus preparations were used: a) M-MuLV obtained from serial passage in mice [animal passage (AP)] and b) tissue culture (TC)-grown virus harvested after three in vitro passages of the AP M-MuLV in fibroblasts. Replication of TC and AP M-MuLV in spleen cells was determined by an infectious center (IC) assay at 1 and 2 weeks after the infection. Immune responsiveness of spleen cells was evaluated in challenge with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and subsequent enumeration of antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC). TC M-MuLV replicated faster in the spleen than did AP M-MuLV and reached about 10- to 100-fold higher titers. However, the response of anti-SRBC PFC, suppressed to the same degree in the spleens of mice infected with TC or AP virus, was from 10 to 50% of the control response. A comparison of virus replication with the anti-SRBC response in aliquots from the same spleens showed no correlation between virus IC and antibody PFC. Both TC and AP M-MuLV induced the expression of virus-specific, cell membrane antigen on spleen cells. These findings indicated a divergence between virus replication on the one hand and the immunosuppressive effect and the cell membrane alteration on the other.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Immunosuppression without immunosuppression? How to be a tolerant individual in a dangerous world.

The field of transplantation has developed based on two principles: allografts are rejected because they express foreign antigens, and the immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection. Recently, in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence has accumulated that calls both of these beliefs into question. This article reviews an alternative approach to transplantation that focuses on tissue injury as the instigator of graft rejection and employs physiological mechanisms of tolerance to avoid graft loss. Methods that allow for defense against infectious microbes while at the same time allowing for graft survival are proposed. In particular, the rationale behind the use of anti-CD154 antibody treatment is highlighted. A model is introduced that takes into consideration the experimental successes seen with anti-CD154 therapies.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1982

Plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis: prospective trial of pheresis and immunosuppression versus immunosuppression alone.

A prospective trial of plasmapheresis and azathioprine or azathioprine alone was carrier out on 20 patients with chronic progressive MS. Seven of 10 patients in each group continued therapy for 12 months. When the groups were compared by disability ratings, the combination of plasmapheresis and azathioprine was no better than azathioprine alone. Transient subjective improvement occasionally followed plasmapheresis, but no objective improvement was documented.

Activities of Daily Living↗