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PubMed1982

A microtitration agglutination test for detecting group E streptococcus infection in swine.

A microtitration agglutination test was developed and evaluated for detecting infection of swine with group E streptococci type IV, the most common causative agent of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine. Whole cell agglutinogens representing group and type antigens of group E streptococci were tested in the microtitration agglutination test against reference antisera to Streptococcus groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G. H, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and U, as well as specific antisera to types II, IV and V of group E. Group E specific agglutinogens were unsatisfactory in the microtitration agglutination test because of cross reactions with group P and U antisera and because of poor reproducibility of the test. Type specific agglutinogens of group E streptococci reacted only with their respective homologous antisera and not with any heterologous group antisera. None of the group E streptococci agglutinogens reacted with 52 normal swine sera. Agglutinogen made from group E streptococci type IV was selected for further evaluation in the microtitration agglutination test because group E streptococci types II and V are considered to be of minor importance in the etiology of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine. Swine experimentally infected with a type IV strain developed significant titers in the microtitration agglutination test. All swine tested negative before exposure and seroconverted (titer >/=4) two to six weeks postexposure.The microtitration agglutination test was used by two different laboratories to test 187 duplicate samples of serum from infected swine. A total of 94.1% of the tests were read at either the same titer (48.1%) or a difference of not more than one dilution (46.0%) at the two laboratories. There was disagreement between the two laboratories in the test-positive test-negative status of 19 of the sera (10.2%). Titers of two of the sera differed by two dilutions (<4 at one laboratory and 8 at the other). The remaining 17 sera differed in titer by only one dilution (<4 at one laboratory and 4 at the other).

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence, testicular function and seminal parameters in men with sperm antibodies.

A prospective survey of 289 unselected men, attending a male infertility clinic (200 subjects) or as donors presenting for an artificial insemination programme (89 subjects) was performed. High titres of sperm agglutinating antibodies (greater than 1/32) were present only in a group of (6.5%) of infertile men but not in volunteer donors. Low titres occurred with similar frequencies (12%) in both groups. The sperm immobilizing antibody test was less sensitive and more specific but of no additional diagnostic benefit. Patients with high titres of sperm antibodies had evidence of testicular damage with decreased testicular volumes, elevated serum FSH and LH levels and reduced sperm density and motility whereas low titres were not associated with any testicular or seminal pathology. These data suggest a sub-group of infertile men have evidence of spermatogenic damage and impaired sperm function associated with high titres of sperm antibodies. Immunologic infertility in these men may reflect either an underlying autoimmune orchitis or a secondary immune reaction following testicular damage of various causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of cytoskeleton-disrupting agents on the metastatic behavior of melanoma cells.

The effects of treatment with colchicine, cytochalasin B, and low temperature (4 degrees C) on the metastatic behavior of the B16-F10 melanoma cell line were examined. The growth of metastases and the distribution of radiolabeled tumor cells were monitored in inbred C57/BL6 mice given iv injections of B16-F10 cells. Cells treated previously with both drugs, but not with low temperature, produced fewer lung nodules than did control cells and displayed alterations in tumor dissemination patterns. In vitro studies revealed that both drugs reduced the rate of adhesion of the tumor cells to bovine endothelial cell monolayers, the rate of migration from agarose droplets, the formation of homotypic aggregates, and agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin. The drugs also induced morphologic alterations of the cells grown in monolayer culture but had little effect on cell volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparative study among complement fixation, serum agglutination and Rose Bengal plate tests in the serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

The complement fixation test (CFT) based on the 50 per cent hemolytic end point technique was applied to the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in a comparative study involving the plate agglutination test (PAT), the tube agglutination test (TAT) and the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). Among 180 bovine sera that were examined the CFT was able to reveal significant titres in sera that gave low agglutinating titres. Some sera with agglutinating titres between 1 in 50 and 1 in 100 did not give a titre in the CFT. The results show that the CFT is useful for bovine brucellosis diagnosis and may be used after sera screening with PAT and RBPT.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

[Conversion of Bordetella parapertussis serovar through lysogeny produced by pertussis phages].

Bacteriophages from Bordetella pertussis were titrated on the indicator strain B. parapertussis 17903 by using standard soft agar techniques. Secondary growth, occasionally observed in some phage plaques, was isolated and transferred onto selective media. Judging from growth on these special media and microscopic examination the isolated clones consisted entirely of Bordetellae. Determination of the agglutinogen pattern of 160 of these clones revealed that 88% contained agglutinogen 1; 87.5% agglutinogen 14, and 80.1% agglutinogen 12 (Table 3). However, none of the strains expressed the agglutinogen pattern of either the phage donor or the recipient strain. The isolated clones were lysogenic as demonstrated by phage production and immunity against superinfection (95% of the clones).--Absorption of the monospecific antisera with whole cells from lysogenic strains resulted in a drastic decrease or even complete loss of specific antibodies towards those antigens identified by slide agglutination reactions (Table 4). Cross absorption experiments with antisera against B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and strain 73 1/7 and various strains of the genus Bordetella and with a number of lysogenic strains showing various agglutination patterns allowed the conclusion that the latter ones were serologically related to B. pertussis. The lysogenic strains completely absorbed antibodies against B. bronchiseptica, and those strains that carried the agglutinogen 14 also absorbed antibodies against, B. parapertussis (Table 5). In conclusion, these results support the necessity to revise the subdivision of the genus Bordetella into three species. A change of B. parapertussis to B. pertussis within the epidemiological processes is considered.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

[Antigenic effects of Staphylococcus aureus with modified surface-structures (author's transl)].

Antigenic effects of preparations from Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 31243 and Rd 4 (Table 1) with partially different activities of "clumping factor" (CF) and protein A (PA) were compared (Table 2). The (3 h, 60 degrees C) heat-inactivated (hi) as well as the guanidinium-chloride-extracted (gu) staphylococci retained full activity of CF and PA. Acetylation with N-acetylimidazole inactivated completely CF and partially PA. Treatment of the staphylococci with pronase (pron) removed CF and PA. The hi-, gu- and pron-preparations of both S. aureus strains had similar antigenic properties which differed from those of the acetylated staphylococci, when antisera against all preparations were examined in the agglutination (Table 3) and "growth"-agglutination-tests (Fig 1). Acetylation apparently affected the staphylococcal surface to a larger extent than the other procedures applied in these studies.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

Diagnostic value of the Widal test.

The usefulness of a single Widal test to diagnose typhoid fever in Ethiopia was investigated in three study groups both retrospectively and prospectively. These were blood culture proven typhoid and non-typhoid patients and healthy individuals. Salmonella typhi H and O titres greater than or equal to 1:160 occurred in respectively 82% and 58% of typhoid fever patients; only 4% of healthy individuals and 8% of non-typhoid patients had Widal titres greater than or equal to 1:80. In typhoid fever, the H titre is elevated earlier and more frequently than the O titre. Antibody rise is maximal during the second week of illness. Antibiotic treatment did not affect the rise of antibody titre in typhoid fever. A single Widal test in an unvaccinated Ethiopian patient showing H and/or O titres greater than or equal to 1:160 and typhoid-like symptoms is strongly suggestive of typhoid fever. It also appears that H titre is more useful than O titre. More false positives are found than false negatives. Under these circumstances, the clinical picture is the decisive factor in making a diagnosis of typhoid.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leptospiral antibodies in stray dogs of Moreno, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

A serologic survey for leptospirosis in stray dogs from Moreno, Province of Buenos Aires, was carried out. Sera from 143 randomly collected animals were examined by the microscopic agglutination test. A total of 73 (51.0%) of the dogs have had contact with leptospirae. The predominant leptospiral agglutinnins were to serovar canicola (37.0%) and to a lesser degree against the serovar antigens pyrogenes (4.8%) and autumnalis (2.0%). Although a high percentage of seropositive reactions occurred against the serovar antigens ballum, pyrogenes and icterohaemorrhagiae, all the reactions against ballum and icterohaemorrhagiae, and the majority of the reactions to pyrogenes represented the natural coagglutinins frequently associated with serovar canicola. The detection of antibodies to the Autumnalis group in dogs of Argentina could be new and suggest the emergence of canine infections caused by a serovar of this serogroup which should be sought out and identified.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Induction of polyvalent immunity against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in an experimental rat model].

Using an experimental model of passive immunity in the rat, the immunizing effect of live cells of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 was tested against a challenge with serotype 1. It was observed that serotypes 5, 7 and 9 induced polyvalent immunity. Additionally, agglutinating antibodies to the homologous and heterologous serotype were titrated in the sera of immunized mothers; the results indicated that groups immunized with serotypes 5, 7 and 9 had higher titers against serotype 1.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1976

Automation in the hematology laboratory.

In the routine laboratory for hematology conflicting results may be obtained for the red blood cell parameters with the Coulter Counter Model S. These parameters2) are: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). When the values of the MCHC are above 36 g/dl something must be wrong with the blood sample of the patient. One of the reasons can be agglutination e.g. by cold agglutinins. The blood sample should be reanalysed before and after heating for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. If the values change: cold agglutinins are present; if no change occurs paraproteins, or other disturbing factors, such as bilirubin or high leucocyte levels, will be found. MCH values may also be high in some cases e.g. if the red blood cells are coated with antibodies (Coombs test positive) or after ingestion of medicines like Azathioprine. These examples show that it is possible in some cases to correlate immunological findings with the red blood cell parameters. In addition to the results with the Coulter Counter Model S, some observations on the Hemalog (Technicon) are also presented.

Blood Cell Count↗