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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Studies on the mechanism of fever after intravenous administration of endotoxin.

BACKGROUND: The sequential events in fever production after intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remain unsettled and controversial. Vessels of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) lack the tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier and allow substances of high molecular weight to enter the interstitium but not the neuropil. The present studies investigate the hypothesis that the OVLT is needed for fever production after intravenous administration of LPS in the rat. METHODS: Electrolytic lesions were produced in the OVLT of rats. After recovery, left carotid and right atrial catheters were inserted, and 24 hours later calorimetry was performed. Blood was drawn for baseline assay for cytokines and LPS after which LPS was given intravenously, with studies continued for 5 hours, and additional blood samples were drawn at 90 and 300 minutes. RESULTS: The maximal increment in rectal temperature for the sham lesion LPS group (1.25 +/- 0.44 degrees C) was significantly greater than for the sham-saline (-0.05 +/- 0.46 degrees C) and the lesion-LPS groups (0.35 +/- 0.45 degrees C) for minutes 120 to 300. Ninety minutes after LPS administration, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and LPS were significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) above baseline for the sham-LPS and lesion-LPS groups. IL-1beta serum levels remained below detection levels. CONCLUSION: Large lesions of the OVLT prevent and/or attenuate fever due to LPS even though tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 are greatly increased in serum. IL-1beta does not seem to be an endogenous humoral mediator in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Intestinal and hepatic lesions in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals after intravenous administration of gas-carrier contrast agents used in ultrasound imaging.

Single intravenous administration of three different gas-carrier contrast agents used in ultrasound imaging to mice caused inflammation, necrosis, and ulceration of cecum and proximal colon (cecocolonic area) and focal necrosis in the liver. Similar intestinal lesions were also found in rats after treatment with a single iv administration of a gas-carrier contrast agent. Strain differences in the incidences of these lesions were found in both rats and mice. HsdHan:NMRI mice were among the most sensitive of the strains of mice studied. Even at the lowest dose of Sonazoid technically possible to inject in HsdHan:NMRI mice, lesions were found and a no-effect dose could not be determined. In a time-course experiment in HsdHan:NMRI mice, it was found that the lesions began to develop in the cecum and colon within 15 to 30 min after dosing. Lesions in the liver were first observed 120-240 min after dosing. Diet played a role in the etiology of the lesions, as HsdHan:NMRI mice given a diet with reduced amounts of cellulose and starch had reduced incidences of lesions, and when glucose was the only carbohydrate source, no lesions were observed. No intestinal or hepatic lesions were found in guinea pigs or rabbits after repeated intravenous administrations of Sonazoid. In dogs, minimal to mild granulocytic inflammation of the cecum and/or colon was found after daily repeated intravenous injections for 28 days, but not after daily repeated administration for 14 days nor after a single administration. It is proposed that the intestinal and hepatic lesions in rats and mice after a single intravenous injection of gas-carrier contrast agents are caused by a common mechanism: intravascular growth of gas-carrier agents in tissues with gas supersaturation, as occurs in the cecal wall of rats and mice. In this particular environment the growing gas bubbles cause ischemia and necrosis in the cecal and colonic wall and liver. This proposed mechanism of action is consistent with the absence of clinical reports indicative of intestinal and/or hepatic lesions in humans after administration of gas-carrier contrast agents.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Placental transfer of lidocaine hydrochloride after prolonged continuous maternal intravenous administration.

We treated a patient with arrhythmia during pregnancy with prolonged intravenous administration of lidocaine hydrochloride. This was a case of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and the arrhythmia was caused by ritodrine therapy. In total, 14.1 g lidocaine (50 mg.hr-1 for 282 hr) were used. Since there are no descriptions of human placental transfer of lidocaine after such a prolonged continuous intravenous administration, we measured lidocaine concentrations in maternal and fetal serum, and in the amniotic fluid (AF) at delivery. Fetal serum lidocaine concentrations (donor: 0.83 microgram.ml-1; recipient: 0.82 microgram.ml-1) were lower than in the maternal serum (1.6 micrograms.ml-1), while the AF lidocaine concentrations (donor: 1.05 micrograms.ml-1; recipient: 1.04 micrograms.ml-1) were higher than those of the fetal sera. The fetal/maternal concentration ratios of lidocaine were 0.52 for the donor and 0.51 for the recipient, which were similar to those described previously after administration of lidocaine in labour.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Experimental study on intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of anti-tumor agents for liver metastasis].

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been the treatment for peritoneal seedings. Most of the anti-tumor agent administered intraperitoneally is absorbed from visceral peritoneum, gets into the portal vein system and reaches the liver. Theoretically, intraperitoneal administration of anti-tumor agents must show equivalent effects on the liver metastasis to portal vein infusion. We compared the efficacy of intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of 5-FU, CDDP and CPT-11, using colon 26 mouse liver metastasis model. Intraperitoneal administration of 5-FU or CPT-11 was statistically superior to intravenous administration to diminish the liver metastatic deposits. CDDP experiment did not show a statistical difference, but the superiority intraperitoneal administration was recognized. Intraperitoneal administration of anti-tumor agents is more effective for not only peritoneal seedings but also liver metastases than intravenous administration. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy might be an effective adjuvant chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intranasal and intravenous administration of desmopressin: effect on F VIII/vWF, pharmacokinetics and reproducibility.

A comparison was made of intranasal administration of 300 micrograms desmopressin (DDAVP) by spray, with intravenous administration of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 microgram DDAVP/kg in 10 healthy volunteers. The effect of DDAVP was measured on F VIII/vWF complex and on plasminogen activator release. In addition, plasma levels of DDAVP were determined using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Moreover, the reproducibility of the spray effect in 10 healthy volunteers was tested after administration of 300 micrograms DDAVP intranasally by spray on 5 different occasions. Plasma levels of DDAVP showed a clear dose-response with the maximum levels at 0.4 microgram/kg i.v. The effect of the spray approximated the 0.2 microgram/kg response. However, the maximum response in both F VIII/vWF complex and plasminogen activator release was obtained after 0.3 microgram/kg i.v. The response to 0.4 microgram/kg i.v. was not significantly different from the response to 0.3 microgram/kg indicating that maximum stimulation was reached with 0.3 micrograms/kg. There was no correlation between plasma levels of F VIII/vWF and DDAVP indicating that the biological response to DDAVP is subjected to saturation kinetics. The reproducibility of the effect of the spray dose on VIII:C was 21% (c.v.) and 27% for the intra-individual and inter-individual variation, respectively, and compared favorably with intravenous administration. Intranasal DDAVP (300 micrograms) is as effective as 0.2 micrograms/kg intravenously and provides an accurate, reproducible and convenient alternative to parenteral administration.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Histaminoid response after intradermal and intravenous administration of atracurium, vecuronium and tubocurarine: a comparative study.

The object of this study was to investigate the histaminoid responses after intradermal administration of atracurium, vecuronium and tubocurarine and to compare these with the cutaneous and cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of the above relaxants in the same patients. Positive local cutaneous responses to intradermal injection were most common after tubocurarine (92%) and least common after vecuronium (12%). Tubocurarine produced the greatest fall in systolic pressure 3 min after intravenous administration but there was no difference in this respect between atracurium and vecuronium. In any individual patient the response to intradermal injection of a relaxant was not a reliable predictor of the response to subsequent intravenous administration of the same relaxant. Twenty patients had plasma IgE levels below 12 IU ml-1. This abnormally low titre occurred more frequently in female patients and was associated with an increase in the incidence and degree of histaminoid responses to atracurium and tubocurarine. Low plasma IgE may be associated with a deficiency in surface IgE on mast cells which therefore have an increased sensitivity to drugs that cause direct pharmacological histamine liberation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Optimal regime of intravenous administration of lincomycin in osteomyelitis].

The pharmacokinetics of lincomycin in the blood of 8 patients with osteomyelitis was studied on the drug single and uninterrupted intravenous administration in therapeutic doses. It was found that when the antibiotic was administered continuously according to the routine scheme, its therapeutic blood levels were attained only 1.5 hours after the drug infusion. The optimal regimen of lincomycin uninterrupted infusion providing its constant rate in combination with the single intravenous administration was estimated with the help of the constants of the two-compartment model of lincomycin pharmacokinetics. According to the calculations the rate of the antibiotic administration necessary for providing therapeutic levels should be 2.2 mg/kg in complex with the loading dose equal to 5.4 mg/kg. Practical trials showed that intravenous administration of lincomycin with the above regimen remained within therapeutic range already 10 to 20 minutes after the beginning of the drug infusion. Therefore, from the pharmacokinetic point of view the recommended regimen for lincomycin infusion should be considered preferable to that used presently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

More rapid thrombolysis with coronary venous retroinfusion of streptokinase compared with intravenous administration. An experimental study in canines.

The efficacy of coronary venous retroinfusion vs intravenous administration of streptokinase was compared in 20 closed chest dogs with copper coil induced thrombosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Streptokinase was continuously infused for 60 min (100 IU kg-1 min-1) starting 60 min after coronary artery occlusion. Time to clot lysis was determined by coronary angiography performed at 5 min intervals. Complete lysis occurred in eight out of 10 dogs receiving intravenous streptokinase and in all 10 dogs in the coronary venous group. Time to thrombolysis was significantly shorter with coronary venous retroinfusion (23 +/- 8 min) than after systemic infusion (62 +/- 26 min; P less than 0.001). Recovery of ischaemic zone left ventricular systolic function, studied by two-dimensional echocardiography, was significantly better in the animals that received retrograde streptokinase than in the group that received intravenous streptokinase (17 +/- 12% vs -2 +/- 16%; P less than 0.05). Myocardial necrosis expressed as a percentage of the risk area was 8 +/- 12% after retroinfusion of streptokinase compared with 32 +/- 25% (P less than 0.005) after intravenous administration. In conclusion, coronary venous administration of streptokinase was more effective than intravenous therapy as determined by more rapid clot lysis which resulted in improved functional recovery of the ischaemic myocardium and a significant reduction in myocardial necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reversal of atrial tachycardia with intravenous administration of verapamil in a dog.

Intravenous administration of verapamil at low dosage was effective in reversal of atrial tachycardia of unknown origin in a dog. The sinus rhythm remained normal for 24 hours before it reverted back to atrial tachycardia. A second IV administration of verapamil was effective in reversal of the atrial tachycardia, and a tapering dosage of verapamil, PO, was used to maintain normal sinus rhythm.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Accidental intravenous administration of racemic adrenaline: two cases associated with adverse cardiac effects.

Accidental intravenous administration of racemic adrenaline (epinephrine) is a rare but potentially lethal complication. We describe a case of a 68-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed severe dyspnoea at home, and a case of an 81-year-old woman who had an allergic reaction associated with severe dyspnoea. The paramedics accidentally administered racemic adrenaline intravenously in both cases. Both patients suffered from severe cardiac adverse effects but their outcome was eventually favourable. Previous reports of accidental intravenous administration of racemic adrenaline are also reviewed. We discuss the potential risks of using racemic adrenaline, especially in the treatment of geriatric patients, and the possibilities of reducing the risk of accidents in drug administration.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Lignocaine: a new technique for intravenous administration.

Current practices of intravenous lignocaine administration may result in a significant drop in blood level between the peak serum level from the initial bolus and the subsequent steady state from the constant infusion. This can cause a significant interval when plasma lignocaine levels are less than therapeutic, and ventricular ectopy may occur. To eliminate this subtherapeutic interval, a new therapeutic approach was devised. Seven patients were studied who had no evidence of congestive heart failure or liver disease. Lignocaine was infused at a rate of 25 mg/min; infusion dosages were selected by patient weight. The above therapeutic regimen eliminated the subtherapeutic hiatus and did not result in clinical toxicity. Therefore, this new infusion technique has significant clinical advantages in patients who require therapy with intravenous lignocaine.

Adult↗