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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Benign breast disease: when to treat, when to reassure, when to refer.

Many women have breast symptoms-swelling and tenderness, nodularity, pain, palpable lumps, nipple discharge, or breast infections and inflammation. Fortunately, relatively few have breast cancer. Physicians must distinguish benign breast conditions from malignant ones, and know when to refer the patient to a specialist. We have included some of the newer diagnostic techniques and the approach to patients with nonpalpable lesions detected on a screening mammogram.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

P53 expression in patients with malignant and benign breast diseases.

Immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein was studied in FNA specimens of 20 breast ductal carcinomas, 20 fibroadenomas and 20 atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast. Nine cases of breast carcinomas (45%), five fibroadenomas (25%) and four atypical ductal hyperplasia (20%) were found to be p53-immuno-positive. A statistically significant difference was found among p53 staining index of breast carcinomas (mean 72.55%), fibroadenomas (mean 41.2%) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (mean 34%). Variations in p53 expression among individual breast carcinomas was found, and these variations may correlate with prognosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

The choice of radiologic procedures in the diagnosis of breast disease.

We have reviewed the radiologic imaging procedures related to the investigation of breast lesions, particularly carcinoma. We discussed the choice of procedure in certain clinical situations and have made suggestions. Of the imaging methods, x-ray mammography is the most useful. Ultrasound is the next most useful; however, it is not acceptable for screening. The basis for breast cancer detection and diagnosis remains palpation and x-ray mammography. Ultrasound makes a substantial contribution to the diagnostic evaluation of certain lesions. Eventually, biopsy or surgery provides the final answer in those patients with possible lesions after these diagnostic procedures. In view of the high incidence of breast carcinoma, it would be useful for the practitioner dealing with these problems to establish for his practice a standard operating procedure for examination and referral of patients for breast screening and diagnosis as well as a system of follow-up to prevent patients from avoiding the screening and diagnostic process.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Thyroid hormones in benign breast disease. Normalization of exaggerated prolactin responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

To investigate the exaggerated prolactin (PRL) responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in patients with benign breast disease (BBD), 18 patients and 13 healthy controls underwent an 8-week-long thyroid hormone treatment. The clinical effect of thyroid hormones on cyclical mastodynia and concomitant galactorrhea was evaluated. TRH-stimulated PRL and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) responses and thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroxine-binding globulin, as well as serum estradiol and progesterone levels, were measured before and during hormone treatment. Thirteen of the patients and one of the controls had euthyroid diffuse goiter. Patients and controls had normal thyroid function parameters. During thyroid hormone treatment, significantly elevated TRH-induced PRL responses of the patients decreased by 50% and reached levels of the controls, whereas responses of the controls decreased insignificantly. Patients exhibited significantly lower serum progesterone levels than the controls; the estradiol levels were not different. Thyroid hormone treatment had no significant influence on luteal function of patients or controls. In 16 of 18 patients thyroid hormones were of benefit to mastodynia, whereas galactorrhea remained unaffected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Progestin treatment depresses estrogen receptor but not cathepsin D levels in needle aspirates of benign breast disease.

We studied the effect of a progestin (lynestrenol) on estrogen receptors (ER) and cathepsin D (cath-D) levels immunochemically in successive fine needle aspirates of benign breast disease. Fibrocystic disease was the main pathology (43 out of 47 patients). Thirty-one patients were treated with 10 mg of lynestrenol daily from the fifth to the twenty-fifth day of the menstrual cycle for 1 to 3 months. Sixteen untreated patients were used as controls. Lynestrenol significantly decreased the percentage of ER stained cells. This is in agreement with the antiestrogenic effect of progestin and, for the first time, indicates that in vivo progestin may decrease the stimulatory effect of estrogens on mammary cells by decreasing their estrogen receptor content. No effect of progestin on cath-D level was found throughout the whole population. However, this level varied more between aspirates of each patient in the treated group than in the control group, suggesting heterogeneity in patient responses to progestin. Since cath-D may have a role in carcinogenesis, clinical follow-up of these patients and more detailed studies are required to determine whether this progestin-challenge test has any value for detecting high risk mastopathies and for predicting effectiveness of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Thermography in diagnosis of breast diseases.

While carrying out 10,000 breast thermographic studies we have examined 4,000 palpable lesions, 1,100 of which were verified cancers. The study of these cases according to our classification into 5 categories has shown that: (1) in the benign lesions, there were 18% equivocal results and 13% 'false positives', and (2) in the malignant diseases, there were 18% doubtful thermograms, 8.5% 'false negatives' and 10% 'false positives'. Thermography allowed us to detect 10 subclinical and 56 occult cancers; in another connection we have identified a growth phase in 11% of our cancers (fast-growth forms).

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Coincident facial paralysis and serous otitis media in metastatic breast disease.

Carcinoma of the breast is a common disorder. Metastatic breast carcinoma was found to be the underlying cause in two women who presented with serous otitis and facial palsy. Bone scan was abnormal in both patients, one of whom had normal plain films and CT scan. Literature search reveals nine similar cases, in two of which the degree of facial paralysis fluctuated as it did also in the two cases reported here.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Management of breast disease in Asian women.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women aged 35-55 years. Both Asian and European women would prefer a female physician to carry out examinations. Knowledge of breast cancer remains low among women from ethnic minorities. Communication and counselling services for Asian women need to be improved.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Case-control study of fibrocystic breast disease.

An epidemiological case-control study of FBD has been conducted to evaluate the differences observed between cases and controls in relation to the presence or absence of clinical findings and risk factors for fibrocystic breast disease (FBD). A total of 334 patients with FBD were identified among 6,232 women aged 40-59 who had participated in the National Breast Screening Study in Montréal while 340 age-matched controls were selected at random from the same cohort. All women were interviewed by a well trained nurse. Controls were significantly heavier and had a higher body mass index (BMI) than cases; however, cases had longer school attendance than controls. The menstrual cycle was shorter in cases and the number of pregnancies was greater in controls. Significant odds ratios were observed for BMI (O.R. = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.51 - 1.02) suggesting that a higher value of BMI had a rather protective effect; a similar pattern was observed in women using oral contraceptives. Since nodularity was strongly associated with FBD, it was excluded from a model of logistic regression; in this instance, longer school attendance (> 12 years), older age at menopause (> 45 years) and breast pain were significantly associated with an increased risk of FBD.

Adult↗