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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Melanin biosynthesis patterns following hormonal stimulation.

The effect of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) on the differentiation of mammalian melanocytes has been widely studied since the early 1950s. There have been many reports about the stimulatory effect of MSH on melanin production and specifically on the activity of tyrosinase, the critical enzyme in the melanogenic pathway. However, few and variable results have been obtained concerning the effect of this hormone on the regulation of DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP2), another melanogenic enzyme which functions later in the melanogenic pathway, or on other melanogenic activities, such as TRP1. In this study, we show that the MSH-induced stimulation of tyrosinase is accompanied by no significant change in the synthesis or catalytic activities of other melanogenic enzymes such as TRP1 or TRP2. This in turn elicits a dramatic increase in melanin production accompanied by a significant decrease in the incorporation of carboxylated precursors into that melanin biopolymer, although the biological implication of that is still unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lumbosacral kinematics in the sagittal plane: a radiographic study in vivo.

Lateral functional radiographs of flexion and extension using Putto's method were examined in 89 normal subjects. A specially-designed radiopaque ruler was placed on each film for calibration. A computer-assisted method was used for digitization and analysis. There were weak negative correlations between age and range of motion, especially at the L4-L5 level (r = 0.437). No significant correlation was noted between age and translation. For flexion-extension rotation, although large variations may limit its usefulness in judging instability in some clinical settings, the data still provide a good diagnostic basis. For translation changes, 2 mm is regarded as acceptable in most cases at levels from L1 to L5, but not at the level of L5-S1 where the average translation change was only 0.4 mm. The differences in the absolute translation value among different positions were not statistically significant (p = 0.064).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients].

Left ventricular hypertrophy associated with hypertension is characterised by an increase in ventricular mass, secondary to hypertrophy of myocardial cells and to the development of collagen tissue and capillaries. Easily detectable by electrocardiography, it occurs in 30 to 60% of hypertension patients, in a concentric form with symmetric or asymmetric thickening of the walls, or in an eccentric form with dilatation of the ventricular cavity. It impairs the functional properties of the myocardium, first affecting diastolic function then, later, systolic function. It interferes with the coronary circulation, with a decrease in coronary reserves and hypoperfusion of subendocardial layers. It predisposes to the onset of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. It is a major and independent risk factor, severely marring the prognosis of hypertension sufferers.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical possibilities of a method for the simultaneous determination of the GFR and the ERBF using a "cocktail" of 169 EDTA and 125I-hippuran].

The results are discussed obtained from 198 patients with the two most frequently met kidney diseases--chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, with a total of 396 renal clearance tests. In 65.7 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis decreased values of blomerular filtration (GF) and the renal flow effect (RFE) were established, with a parallel decrease in both clearances in 56.5 per cent and isolated disturbances of GF in 31.9 per cent and of RFE in 11.6 per cent. In the patients with chronic pyelonephritis a parallel decrease of GF AND RFE was found in 66.7 per cent and isolated disturbances of GF in 13.6 per cent and RFE--in 19.7 per cent. The high percentage of parallelly decreased GF and RFE reveals the sensitivity of the method in the diagnosis of early renal functional alterations while the application of only one of the clearances might not detect the existing alterations. The results from the carried out comparative investigations between the isotope clearances and isotope nephrography with 131I--hippuran are also reportentage of the depuration radioisotope tests as compared with ING in the detection of early renal functional laterations. Radiation risk is rendered to a minimum with the use of the "cocktail" of 169U-EDTA and 125I-hippuran.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation on our procedure for autotransplantation of parathyroid glands by the intact-PTH].

In thyroid cancer surgery since 1978 we have made parathyroidal autotransplantation which has been to resect the entire parathyroid, cut fine to mud and autotransplant into greater pectoral muscle. To evaluate our procedure and consider the mechanism of hypocalcemia and tetanus following surgery, we examined the intact-PTH recovered to about 80% of its preoperative value on 14-postoperative-days and thereafter remained almost constant. It remained below the sensitivity of measurement from immediately to 3-postoperative-days, and with our procedure, parathyroid was considered to be totally resected. Comparison between 2 (6 cases) and more autotransplanted glands (11 cases) revealed that the former showed slightly later functional recovery, but recovered to the almost some extent as the other 21-postoperative-days. Comparison between the group requiring calcium supplement therapy (12 cases) and the otherwise (5 cases) revealed almost the same course of recovery. Thus, our procedure seems to enable us to make satisfactory functional preservation and expect functional recovery by 2-gland autotransplantation at least. The supplement therapy was considered not to be detrimental to the take of autotransplanted glands and functional recovery, and no correlation was noted between the onset of tetanus and intact-PTH.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina: radiation therapy and progeny.

BACKGROUND: Extraovarian endodermal sinus tumor generally originates in the vagina or cervix of young girls. Some 50 cases are known, all younger than 3 years of age. Many were treated with outdated regimens, and there are 5-year survival data on only nine of them. We describe a curative outcome of primary radiation only. CASE: A 40-year-old woman had a history of localized endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina, stage I, treated by brachytherapy at the age of 6 months. Radiation had a severe impact upon the later functioning of her pelvic organs, with marked deformity of the pelvic floor, vagina, urethra, and bones of the pelvic outlet. She conceived by homologous insemination at the age of 34. Delivery was by cesarean at 31.5 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION: Current forms of management give preference to limited excisional surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, analogous to that used for the treatment of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. This is the first report of a patient treated by radium needles and the only known patient who had a subsequent pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Elastic intramedullary nailing--a concept for treatment of unstable forearm fractures in childhood].

The standard treatment for forearm fractures in children is usually conservative. Unstable fractures of the proximal parts of the forearm often show poor results after nonoperative management, so that these fractures require surgical intervention. We report about 20 children ranging in age from 6 to 14 years who were treated by elastic intramedullary nailing. Ten patients were treated by intramedullary pinning immediately after their accident; 10 required intramedullary nailing after failure of the conservative treatment and redislocations of their fractures. At the time of follow-up 6 months later, functional results were "excellent" in 16 children, "good" in 3 children and "fair" in one child. There were no serious complications apart from the occurrence of one delayed union. According to these results intramedullary nailing can be recommended for the treatment of unstable fractures of the proximal and middle parts of the forearm in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Neuroimaging in intractable complex partial seizures.

We retrospectively analyzed 19 patients with intractable complex partial seizures who underwent temporal lobectomy and compared the usefulness of various imaging techniques in diagnosis and localization. Pathologic findings consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis were found in 12 patients arteriovenous malformations in four, tumors in three, and coexistence of a tumor and mesial temporal sclerosis in one. Electroencephalography and single photon emission computed tomography detected lateralized functional abnormality in two patients when computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed equivocal results. Both CT and MRI showed all arteriovenous malformations and tumors. CT detected only four cases of mesial temporal sclerosis, while MRI showed nine cases. Detection, delineation and diagnosis of lesions responsible for complex partial seizures are essential for good surgical results. Thus, the importance of image studies, especially MRI, should be emphasized in patients with complex partial seizures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Biological assessment and MRI monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of a monoclonal anti-T CD4 antibody in multiple sclerosis patients.

An initial group of 21 patients plus a second group of 14 patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) (18 progressive and 17 relapsing-remitting forms) were treated with a murine monoclonal anti-T CD4/BF5 antibody as part of a phase I open trial. Tolerance was relatively good: minor general side-effects occurred in 22 patients only upon the first mAb infusion. One year later, functional disability was stabilised in only six of the 35 patients and after 2 years in two patients only (among 21). One year after treatment, nine of the 17 relapsing-remitting patients were relapse-free. CD4 counts decreased dramatically 2 h after treatment. These counts were back to baseline counts at 3 months. A transient increase was found in IL-6 and TNF alpha levels 2 h after treatment, which probably accounts for the observed side effects. Cell adhesion molecule levels were not modified. Serial MRI scans were performed in the second group of 14 patients. In all of these patients, lesion modifications were observed in the three scans performed prior to treatment. Yet, no changes in the lesions were noted on the MRI scans performed over the following 3 months. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of this treatment insofar as it induced a marked CD4 lymphocyte depletion. However, it did not seem to stabilise the evolution of the disease--although one must be careful in drawing such conclusions in a phase I trial--or to curb the evolution of MRI-documented lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elastic intramedullary nailing: a minimally invasive concept in the treatment of unstable forearm fractures in children.

The standard treatment in forearm fractures in children is usually conservative. Unstable fractures of the proximal parts of the forearm often show poor results after nonoperative management so that these fractures usually require surgical intervention. We report 30 children (ages, 4-14 years) who were treated by elastic intramedullary nailing. Sixteen patients were treated by intramedullary splinting immediately after their accident; 14 children required intramedullary nailing after failure of conservative treatment and fracture redisplacement. At the time of follow-up 6 months later, functional results were excellent in 24 children, good in five children, and fair in one child. There were no serious complications other than one delayed union. According to these results intramedullary nailing can be recommended for the treatment of unstable fractures of the proximal and middle thirds of the forearm in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Development of cadherin-defined parasagittal subdivisions in the embryonic chicken cerebellum.

The expression of three cadherins (cadherin-6B, cadherin-7, and R-cadherin) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry at early to intermediate stages of chicken cerebellar development (4.5-12 days of incubation [E4.5-E12]). Expression was first detected at approximately E5. On the cerebellar surface, expression of cadherin-6B and cadherin-7 is initially observed in transverse domains that subsequently elongate into parasagittal stripes. The sequence of emergence, the borders, and the orientation of these expression domains suggest a parcellation of the cerebellum into distinct medial, lateral, and caudal embryonic subdivisions. These subdivisions relate to histologic features, to the expression of gene regulatory proteins, and, possibly, to patterns of clonal restriction. Individual cadherin-expressing cell clusters can be observed to split into cortical and nuclear subdivisions, which are connected by nerve fibers expressing the same cadherin, thus establishing the parasagittal corticonuclear connectivity pattern found at later developmental stages. Our results suggest that cadherins may play a role in the transition from the early embryonic to the later functional organization of the cerebellum by providing a scaffold of potential adhesive cues.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1998

[Elastic intramedullary nailing--a concept for treatment of unstable forearm fracture in childhood].

The standard treatment in forearm fractures of children is usually conservative. Unstable fractures of the proximal parts of the forearm often show poor results after nonoperative management, requiring surgical intervention. We report on 30 children from 4 to 14 years of age who were treated by elastic intramedullary nailing. Sixteen patients were treated by intramedullary pinning immediately after the accident; 14 required intramedullary nailing after failure of the conservative treatment and fracture redislocations. At the time of follow-up 6 months later, functional results were "excellent" in 24 children, "good" in 5 and "fair" in one child. There were no serious complications apart from the occurrence of one delayed union. According to these results intramedullary nailing can be recommended for the treatment of unstable fractures of the proximal and middle parts of the forearm in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Individual differences in neurobehavioral measures of laterality and interhemispheric function as measured by dichotic listening.

This article presents analysis of dichotic listening performance in 57 healthy men and women aged 20 to 72 years. The data are presented as a means to cover 2 theoretical issues relevant to the biobehavioral study of laterality and interhemispheric relations. First, the sensitivity of dichotic listening performance to factors such as sex, age, and their interactions was examined. Dichotic listening asymmetry scores were found to vary as a function of sex, age, handedness, and family history of developmental language disorders. The effects of sex and age were then explored in relation to a comparison of nonforced and unilaterally focused test conditions. The results suggest that even within a healthy, normative sample of human participants, individuals vary not only in their underlying perceptual asymmetries for auditory input, but also in the manner in which such asymmetries interact with other higher order cognitive functions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Termino-lateral neurorrhaphy: the functional axonal anatomy.

The goal of this study was to determine the functional axonal anatomy of a termino-lateral neurorrhaphy (TLN). We hypothesize that axons populating a TLN must relinquish functional connections with their original targets prior to establishing new connections via the TLN. Two-month-old F344 rats underwent a TLN between the left peroneal nerve and a nerve graft tunneled to the contralateral hindlimb. Three months postoperatively, an end-to-end neurorrhaphy was performed between the nerve graft and the right peroneal nerve. Four months after the second operation, contractile properties and electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured in the bilateral hindlimbs. Left peroneal nerve stimulation proximal to the TLN site resulted in bilateral extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle contractions, with significantly lower forces on the side reinnervated by TLN. Evoked EMGs demonstrated that the right and left hindlimb musculature were electrically discontinuous following TLN. These data support our hypothesis that axons can form functional connections via a TLN, but they must first relinquish functional connections with their original targets.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1998

Long-range antecedents of functional capability in later life.

A number of demographic, social, psychological, lifestyle, and health characteristics have been advanced as precursors of functional limitation among those who survive to old age. This study uses data from a 16-year longitudinal study to examine long-range antecedents of the respondents' level of physical functional capability in 1991. The model predicting functional capability from longitudinal data is more complex and more effective for women than for men. Older age, lower self-rated health, lower functional capability, and lower physical activity level in 1975 predict 35% of the variation in functional capability among women in 1991. Only older age and lower self-rated health are predictive for men and account for just 11% of the variation. These findings suggest a need for gender-specific models of antecedents of physical functional limitations in later life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

The contribution of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+-containing channels to the function of dorsal lateral geniculate thalamocortical relay neurons.

A genetic knockout was used to determine the specific contribution of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)-1 channels to the function of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) thalamocortical relay (TC) neurons. Disruption of TASK-1 function produced an approximately 19% decrease in amplitude of the standing outward current (ISO) and a 3 +/- 1-mV depolarizing shift in resting membrane potential (Vrest) of DLG neurons. We estimated that current through TASK-1 homodimers or TASK-1/TASK-3 heterodimers contribute(s) approximately one third of the current sensitive to TASK channel modulators in DLG TC neurons. The effects of the TASK channel blocker bupivacaine (20 microM), of muscarine (50 microM), and of H+ on ISO were reduced to approximately 60%, 59%, and shifted to more acidic pH values, respectively. The blocking effect of anandamide on ISO [30 microM; 23 +/- 3% current decrease in wild type (WT)] was absent in TASK-1 knockout (TASK-1-/-) mice (9 +/- 6% current increase). Comparable results were obtained with the more stable anand-amide derivative methanandamide (20 microM; 20 +/- 2% decrease in WT; 4 +/- 6% increase in TASK-1-/-). Current-clamp recordings revealed a muscarine-induced shift in TC neuron activity from burst to tonic firing in both mouse genotypes. Electrocorticograms and sleep/wake times were unchanged in TASK-1-/- mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a significant contribution of TASK-1 channels to ISO in DLG TC neurons, although the genetic knockout of TASK-1 did not produce severe deficits in the thalamocortical system.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1993

Effects of age and gender on functional rotation and lateral movements of the neck and back.

Using two-dimensional video analysis, the effects of age and gender on functional rotation and lateral flexion of the back and neck were examined in 110 subjects. Equal numbers of male and female subjects were blocked into five age groups for a lifespan analysis: 6-8, 12-15, 20-30, 40-50, 60-80 years. Each subject performed three movements: a neck rotation, neck and back rotation, and a neck and back lateral flexion. The degree of movement was determined by the Peak Two-Dimensional Motion Measurement Analysis System. No significant gender difference was found for any of the movements tested though spinal mobility decreased significantly with age and became more variable. The oldest age group was significantly less flexible than all younger age groups on all three movements. Significant differences were also found between the youngest age group and the middle adults on all movements.

Adolescent↗