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PubMed1980

Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhages in infants: a widening age spectrum.

Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), a problem widely recognized in premature infants, was found in six older infants, ages 2 weeks to 3 months. IVH was often initially misdiagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningits with a traumatic lumbar tap. IVH occurred primarily in infants with hypoxemia, acidosis, ischemia, and/or hypernatremia, conditions found in association with IVH in premature infants, but also occurred spontaneously. Computerized tomography scans were the most valuable diagnostic procedure for detection of IVH.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Telencephalic microvessels of premature beagle pups.

The ultrastructural morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the telencephalic microvasculature of both germinal matrix and border-zone cerebral cortex are analyzed from premature beagle puppies delivered by caesarean section in order to determine whether differences in the matrical vessels could account for their susceptibility to intraventricular hemorrhage. The germinal matrix microvessels are immature, since they contain intraluminal microvilli and junctional complexes (primarily tight junctions) that are not continuous between the lateral endothelial cell walls. The number of junctional complexes per vessel cross-section is less than either cortical vessels from the same premature animals or tissue from either site in full-term animals. Morphometric data on the cross-sectional area of vessels from the two sites indicate that the germinal matrix vessels have a significantly larger cross-sectional area than the cortical vessels. The increase is due almost exclusively to a larger endothelial cell area per cross section. This pattern is an altogether different one from that seen in the term animals. There the germinal matrix vessels exhibit a steadily decreasing luminal area from birth through 72 hr, whereas endothelial cell cross-sectional area is static. Here the luminal cross-sectional area is smaller, but both endothelial cell and total vessel cross-sectional areas are significantly larger. Structural components of the blood-brain barrier undergo active modifications during the late prenatal period that are distinct from the modifications during the immediate postnatal period.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Neonatal shock.

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Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

[EEG in newborn infants with intracranial hemorrhages: a comparison with clinical findings and CT scan].

This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of the EEG in neonates with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and to correlate the EEG with clinical findings and the CT-scan. Thirty-eight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had EEG examinations. Repetitive sharp waves were present in IVH (48%) and also seen in SAH (33%). They did not differentiate between IVH and SAH, nor were they related to the grade of IVH. The repetitive character of these wave forms suggest that it may be a type of seizure discharge. The value of the EEG in neonatal ICH lies not in the diagnosis of ICH and its extend. This can be done much better with CT-scan and ultrasound. But the EEG is valuable in the recognition of electrical seizure activity which should lead to early anticonvulsive therapy. Depressed background EEG activity was seen in all non-survivors and in all children with major neurological damage. Normal background activity in spite of seizure discharge was favorable prognostic criterion. The prognosis depends on the gestational age, clinical findings and morphological changes. The EEG reflects the actual cerebral function and can add to a more differentiated prognostic evaluation.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1996

[Modality of use of vitamin K in France in newborn infants].

BACKGROUND: Because of the risk of hemorrhagic disease of the neonate secondary to vitamin K deficiency, it is generally agreed that neonates should be given vitamin K. There is however, no consensus concerning the route of administration, dose, number of doses, or dose frequency. It was therefore necessary to determine patterns of vitamin K administration in France. POPULATION AND METHODS: Routine vitamin K administration was studied in 1993 by questionnaires sent to all maternity units in France. RESULTS: Six hundred and forty of the 1,086 questionnaires could be analysed. Vitamin K was never prescribed in 0.3% of maternity units and was given only to high risk neonates in 3%. In healthy neonates receiving milk formulas, the route of administration (oral or IM) agreed with the recommendations of the French Committee of Pediatric Nutrition. In contrast, breast-fed infants were given IM vitamin K in only 19% of the maternité units whereas regular weekly doses were prescribed in only 56%. In premature infants, IM doses were prescribed in only 46% of cases and repeated weekly doses in 34%. The dose generally prescribed (5 mg orally or IM) was not the recommended dose. Among the available products, oral or parenteral vitamin K Roche was the most frequently prescribed. CONCLUSION: New recommendations for the use of vitamin K in the perinatal period in France are necessary.

Administration, Oral↗