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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Distribution and immunohistochemical characterisation of paracervical neurons innervating the oviduct in the pig.

The present study was aimed at disclosing the distribution of paracervical neurons projecting to the ampulla and isthmus of the porcine oviduct and the pattern(s) of co-existence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) within these nerve cell bodies. The fluorescent retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the wall of the ampullar (n = 3) and isthmal (n = 3) part of the organ in six sexually immature female pigs. After a survival period of three weeks paracervical ganglia (PCG) were collected. 10 microns-thick cryostat sections of the ganglia were examined for the presence of FB-positive (FB+) nerve cells under the fluorescent microscope. Tracered neurons were counted in every third section and processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence according to the method of Wessendorf and Elde. 78.6% of FB+ neurons were projecting to the isthmus while 21.4% of the studied population innervated the ampulla of the oviduct. Double-labelling immunofluorescence revealed the existence of the following different chemically coded subpopulations of the studied perikarya: TH+/D beta H+, TH+/NPY+, TH+/NOS+, TH+/NOS-, SP-/NOS+, SP+/CGRP+.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Uterus-innervating neurones of paracervical ganglion in the pig: immunohistochemical characteristics.

Immunohistochemical characteristics of neurones innervating the porcine uterus located in paracervical ganglia were studied with a combination of retrograde fluorescent tracing and immunofluorescence. Retrograde fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the uterine horn and uterine cervix. The presence of biologically active substances, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL), Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu (MEAGL) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in FB-positive neurones localised in paracervical ganglia. FB-positive neurones containing TH, NPY, VIP and MEAGL were numerous, while those containing CGRP were scarce. The results pointed to some species-related differences in immunohistochemical coding of neurones of paracervical ganglion responsible for uterus innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Interaction between pelvic and pudendal afferent inputs in lumbar-sacral spinal cord in rats].

Time-dependent inhibition is one of the means to study the interactions between peripheral inputs. The present study was performed on anesthetized and paralyzed Wistar rats using the technique of conditioning-testing stimulation. Electric stimulation (1.5 3 folds of the threshold intensity) was given to pelvic and pudendal nerves. Extracellular recordings were made from convergent neurons at L(6)-S(1) segments of the spinal dorsal horn. Stimulus intervals between conditioning and testing stimulation were measured when a half of the testing responses were inhibited by conditioning responses or the inhibition just began to occur. The time-dependent inhibition was seen in neurons situated deeper than 300 m beneath the dorsal surface of the spinal cord, and not in more superficial neurons. The inhibition intervals were in the range of 1 360 ms and became longer when conditioning stimulation was given to the pelvic nerve. The inhibition intervals were 1 3 ms in superficial neurons (<300 micrometer) and no apparent time-dependent inhibition occurred. The inhibition in deeper neurons was partially reduced by cold block conducted at segments C(5-6) and the blockage was more significant when conditioning stimulation was applied to the pelvic nerve. These findings suggest that the inputs from the pelvic and pudendal nerves may converge on single neurons at deeper lumbosacral dorsal horn and the pudendal nerve induced responses are more likely to be inhibited in these neurons, which may be further strengthened by superspinal structures.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of vardenafil and sildenafil in facilitating penile erection in an animal model.

Vardenafil and sildenafil are potent and specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5) inhibitors. In human penile cavernosal smooth muscle cells, we have previously shown that vardenafil has a lower biochemical inhibition constant (Ki) than sildenafil. In this study, we compared the efficacy of vardenafil and sildenafil in facilitating penile erection in a rabbit model. Penile erections were elicited by submaximal (2.5 or 6 Hz) pelvic nerve stimulation (PNS) repeated every 5 minutes for 30 minutes with or without intravenous (i.v.) administration of vardenafil (1-30 microg/kg) or sildenafil (10-30 microg/kg). Erectile response was assessed by continuously recording intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and systemic arterial pressure (SAP). All data were expressed as a ratio of ICP:SAP. I.v. administration of either PDE 5 inhibitor facilitated PNS-induced erection and increased ICP:SAP in a dose-dependent manner, reaching peak response at approximately 5 minutes. However, the threshold dose at which facilitation of erection occurred was lower for vardenafil (3 microg/kg) than for sildenafil (10 microg/kg). At the 10-microg/kg dose (i.v.), the response duration was significantly greater with vardenafil (169 +/- 23 seconds) than with sildenafil (137 +/- 31 seconds). Direct intracavernosal (i.c.) injection of 1-30 microg/kg vardenafil or sildenafil also caused dose-dependent increases in ICP:SAP in the absence of PNS. Response durations increased in a dose-dependent manner and lasted more than 5 times that of i.v. drug administration coupled with PNS. Irrespective of the route of administration (i.c. or i.v.), at equivalent doses, vardenafil was significantly more efficacious than sildenafil in facilitating pelvic nerve-mediated penile erection and in eliciting erection in the absence of PNS. The increases in ICPs occurred more quickly, were of larger magnitude, and were sustained for longer durations for vardenafil than for sildenafil. On the basis of the biochemical data and physiological responses from this study, further clinical evaluation of vardenafil as treatment for erectile dysfunction is warranted.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2002

Long-term survival of autotransplanted major pelvic ganglion in the corpus cavernosum of adult rats.

PURPOSE: Neurogenic impotence is a common complication after radical pelvic surgery, irradiation or perineal trauma. Neuronal transplantation is a new frontier for treating neurological disorders. We investigated whether the major pelvic ganglion can survive and become functional after being implanted into the corpus cavernosum in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male rats (13) were divided into 3 groups and sacrificed at 3 time points, namely 30 (4), 60 (5) and 90 (4) days. All rats underwent excision of the right major pelvic ganglion and left cavernous nerve. The right ganglion was implanted into the right crus of the penis. Electrostimulation was applied to the left major pelvic ganglion and cavernous nerve (1.5 mA.) and right crus (10 mA.) at sacrifice. The crural region and left ganglion were then excised for immunostaining of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), protein gene product 9.5 and growth associated protein 43. Image analysis was used to calculate the area stained in pixels. Electron microscopy of the implanted area was performed to assess neuronal survival. RESULTS: Although the degree varied, all neuronal implants survived after transplantation. The response to electrostimulation was insufficient to produce erection. No difference was noted among the areas of nNOS staining when specimens from the 3 time points were compared. The area of expression of nNOS, protein gene product 9.5 and growth associated protein 43 was larger in the implanted area than in the surrounding cavernous tissue. Under electron microscopy most surviving implants showed normal ultrastructure, although areas of fibrotic replacement were seen in several implants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the autotransplanted major pelvic ganglion expresses nNOS, protein gene product 9.5 and growth associated protein 43, and survived up to 90 days after implantation into the corpus cavernosum. Further studies with fetal neuronal tissue seem warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Innervation of Denonvilliers' recto-vesical septum. Anatomic study].

OBJECTIVE: The retro vesical septum (DENONVILLIERS) can be dissected and separated of the prostate and the bladder. The neurovascular bundles bound laterally this septum and it must be removed during radial prostatectomy. The aim of this study was to know if this septum is crossed by nerves. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dissection of cadaver--histological study of recto-vesical fascia. RESULTS: Nerves are present coming from the neurovascular bundle to the septum and end in the prostate. CONCLUSION: These anatomical observations conduct to recommend to remove systematically the recto-vesical septum during radical prostatectomy for cancer.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1975

The action of chloroquine on the histamine receptors of the isolated guinea-pig ileum.

The action of chloroquine on the histamine receptors was investigated on the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The log dose response curve to histamine in the presence of chloroquine (0.75 mug/ml) was to the right and parallel to that in the absence of the chloroquine. This concentration of chloroquine did not modify the contractions of the preparation to acetylcholine or to transmural stimulation. It had not effect on the contractions of the isolated vas deferens from the guinea-pig to either transmural stimulation or to hypogastric nerve stimulation. The pA2-pA10 value for chloroquine using histamine as the agonist was 0.87. It was concluded that chloroquine, in low concentration, is a specific antagonist of histamine, by probably a competitive mechanism.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2002

Sex difference in urethral response to electrical stimulation of efferent nerves in the pudendal sensory branch of rats.

BACKGROUND: We reported sex difference in the urethral pressure (UP) response to electrical stimulation (ES) of the hypogastric nerve in rats. The purpose of the present study was to report on sex difference in the UP response to ES of the pudendal nerves (PN) in rats before and after injection of d-tubocurarine (d-tc). METHODS: Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane and alpha-chloralose. The L6-S1 trunk was exposed on the left side and resected. After resection of the motor branch of the PN the peripheral end of the L6-S1 trunk was stimulated. Fluid was infused into the urethra through a catheter inserted into the bladder neck at a constant rate (0.5 mL/10 min) and the infusion resistance was measured as the UP. When d-tc was injected, the rats were ventilated with an artificial respirator. RESULTS: Though ES of the L6-S1 trunk caused fibrillation of the muscles near the tail and steep reduction of the UP, it caused elevation and reduction of UP in male and female rats, respectively, after intravenous injection of d-tc (0.3 mg/kg). ES of the sensory branch of the PN caused the elevation in male rats and reduction of the UP without injection of d-tc, and prazosin inhibited the UP elevation but the reduction was not inhibited by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. CONCLUSION: In the sensory branch of the PN, the nerves innervating the smooth muscles in the urethral sphincter were contained. In male rats norepinephrine mediates the UP elevation, but the neurotransmitter that mediates the UP reduction in female rats is not known.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of adrenergic drugs and hypogastric nerve stimulation on the canine urethra. A radiologic and urethral pressure study.

A combination of fluoroscopy and measurement of changes in urethral resistance was used to identify the nature and location of the urethral response to adrenergic stimulation. Intraaortic norepinephrine or bilateral hypogastric nerve stimulation produced a constriction of the prostatic urethra in males and of the distal urethra in females. Intraaortic isoproterenol produced a dilation in the same regions. The adrenergically sensitive areas determined in this study appear more discrete than those determined by measurements of urethral pressure profile.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Immunohistochemical characterisation of cholinergic neurons in the anterior pelvic ganglion of the male pig.

This study investigated immunohistochemical properties of cholinergic neurons in the anterior pelvic ganglion (APG) of juvenile male pigs (n=7). Cholinergic neurons were identified using antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Immunoblotting was applied to verify the specificity of ChAT-immunostaining. Western blotting performed on APG tissue homogenates detected single immunoreactive protein with a molecular weight matching that of ChAT (71.6 kDa). It was found that many APG neurons expressed immunoreactivity to ChAT or VAChT (40% and 39% of the neurons, respectively). The analysis of adjacent sections from the ganglion revealed complete colocalization of ChAT and VAChT in these nerve cells. Furthermore, virtually all the ChAT-positive neurons were tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-negative (non-adrenergic) but many of them displayed immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) or somatostatin (SOM). There were also single nerve cell bodies that stained for neither ChAT nor TH. The comparison of the adjacent sections revealed that NOS, VIP, NPY and SOM were simultaneously co-expressed in the majority of the cholinergic somata. ChAT- or VAChT-positive varicose nerve terminals supplied nearly all neuronal profiles within the ganglion often forming loose basket-like formations surrounding the particular nerve cell bodies. The present study for the first time has revealed that nearly all non-adrenergic neurons in the porcine APG are cholinergic in nature, i.e. express immunoreactivity for ChAT and VAChT. Considering a high coincidence between the chemical coding of non-adrenergic (cholinergic) nerve fibres supplying some porcine male reproductive organs described in earlier papers and that of cholinergic pelvic neurons found in this study it is further concluded that pelvic ganglia are probably the major source of cholinergic innervation for the porcine urogenital system.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2003

[Presacral neurectomy and uterine nerve ablation in chronic pelvic pain. Laparoscopic management. A comparative study].

Chronic pelvic pain is a difficult handling medical and surgical condition and of transcendent importance to women who suffer from it. This condition has been associated to different diseases as endometriosis, adenomiosis, adnexal mass, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic adhesive disease. The present study was carried out comparing two laparoscopic surgical methods in an randomized way; laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation and a presacral neurectomy, with 12 patients in each group and a follow up of 12 mont. Results demonstrate a similar resolution on both groups in the short term and a significant difference on pain's resolution within the presacral neurectomy group in the long term without post-surgery or trans-surgery complications. Concluding the presacral neurectomy is a safe and dependable method that allows a high success rate on chronic pelvic pain patients.

Adult↗