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PubMed1989

Topical zinc and delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness.

The ability of topical zinc to enhance the DHR to skin test antigens may be a simple method of evaluating functional zinc status. Additional testing is required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. In addition to zinc, other nutrient deficiencies such as protein deficiency may suppress DHR. Because of this and because of the variability among individuals in degree of reactiveness, each patient should serve as his/her own control, with zinc-treated and nontreated skin test sites being evaluated simultaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin, total immunoglobulin E, specific sensitization, and atopic manifestation in longitudinally followed early Bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated and nonvaccinated children.

BACKGROUND: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a strong T helper 1 incentive and, thus, may contribute to a decreased risk of T helper 2-dependent atopic disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses and atopic disease in BCG-vaccinated and nonvaccinated children. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred seventy-four children from a prospectively followed birth cohort. OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical examination and case history were performed at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 84 months of age. Total and specific serum IgE levels to 9 common inhalant and food allergens were determined (CAP; Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany) at 12, 24, 36, 60, 72, and 84 months of age. Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin testing was performed at 84 months. RESULTS: Period and lifetime prevalences of atopic dermatitis and recurrent wheezing tended to be lower in the BCG-vaccinated group early in life, whereas no such trend was found after the second birthday or for allergic rhinitis. The proportion of children remaining free of clinical manifestations tended to be higher in the BCG-vaccinated group but differences decreased over time. No statistically significant differences were found for total IgE levels (median). Atopic sensitization tended to be lower among BCG-vaccinated children during the first 2 years of life. The diameter of the skin reaction to PPD did not correlate with total serum IgE. Clinical and serologic correlates of atopy were not significantly different between children with a skin test diameter of >/=5 mm and those with a smaller diameter. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that BCG vaccination in early infancy is associated with a subsequently markedly decreased risk of atopic sensitization or allergy. In addition, PPD skin test reactivity was not impaired in atopic individuals.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Delayed hypersensitivity to Trypanosoma cruzi antigen. III--Sensitivity of the skin test with T12E antigen in the diagnosis of Chagas disease in hospitalized patients].

In this study we evaluated three immunologic methods for confirmation of clinical diagnosis of Chagas' disease, in 120 in-patients. The skin testing with the T12E antigen and the immunofluorescence were positive in 10% of cases. The hemagglutination was positive in 14.1% of these patients. The co-positivity of results of skin-testing with hemagglutination and of this latter with immunofluorescence reached 7.5% of cases. However, only 5% of co-positivity was achieved with results of skin testing, immunofluorescence and hemagglutination. Furthermore, 19.1% of the in-patients showed at least one out of these exams to be positive. The specificity of the skin testing paralleled that of the immunofluorescence. The sensitivity of these exams, however, was lower than that obtained by the indirect hemagglutination. These data show that the skin testing with T12E antigen allows the diagnosis of Chagas' disease by a simple and handy method.

Adult↗