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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Humoral immunity to cholera toxin and ovalbumin in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).

AIM: To compare the humoral immune responses of female possums to ovalbumin (OVA) and cholera toxin (CT) administered using different routes and dosage regimes. METHODS: Three groups of mature female possums were immunised intragastrically (n=15) or surgically (intraileal, n=4; Peyer's patches, n=4). Levels of antibodies to OVA and CT in serum, ileal, vaginal, oviduct and uterine secretions were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All manipulations were conducted under general anaesthesia. RESULTS: Antibodies to CT increased significantly in serum (p<0.001) and in lateral vaginal secretions (p<0.05) after intragastric immunisation using 250-1000 microg CT. Simultaneous intragastric administration of CT with 3 mg OVA did not significantly increase antibody levels to OVA. When OVA (3 mg) and CT (250 microg) were injected into the ileum, followed by intragastric administration 4 weeks later, antibody levels to CT were significantly (p<0.05) increased in serum, uterine and medial vaginal secretions, and antibody levels to OVA were significantly (p<0.05) increased in serum and medial vaginal secretions. When OVA (3 mg) with Incomplete Freund's adjuvant was injected directly into Peyer's patches, followed by peritoneal administration 4 weeks later, antibody levels in serum, ileal and reproductive-tract secretions were generally higher than those that resulted from the other immunisation treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of OVA induced an antibody response in serum and in reproductive and alimentary tract secretions when administered with CT directly into the ileum, or when injected into Peyer's patches and peritoneum. CT was a potent enteric immunogen.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The evaluation of humoral immunity response in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)].

The purpose of the study was the assessment of humoral response markers in 20 patients with SSPE in phase I, II and III of the disease during immunomodulating treatment. In the CSF IgG levels were determined by nephalometric method, with its share in the total protein level, and with determination of the local IgG synthesis in CNS by Reiber method, 24-hour IgG synthesis by Tourtellotte-Boce method, IgG index by Link-Tibbling method and albumin index. Oligoclonal IgG was determined by isoelectrofocusing. All mathematical tests indicating IgG synthesis in CSF were abnormal in all cases, and also in all cases oligoclonal IgG was found (type 3 of electrophoresis separation pattern). The results point to far reaching changes of the humoral immune response in SSPE persisting also during immunomodulating treatment independently of disease phase and duration. In only 10% of cases abnormal values of the albumin index suggested damage to the blood-brain barrier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Parameters of humoral immunity in patients with breast carcinoma during therapy with leukocyte interferon].

The values of parameters of humoral immunity, such as concentration of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM, as well as the absorbance of patients serum at 450 nm (A4 5 0) in the presence of PEG 6000 (as a measure of the presence of immune complex in circulation, CIC) in a group of breast cancer patients stage T + N0 M0, after surgical tumor resection, and before and after various therapy phases with the leucocyte IFN therapy are given. The IFN (product of Torlak, Belgrade, or Immunological Department Zagreb) therapy was performed in four therapy phases. During the first month (first phase) 3.10(6) U IFN-alpha were administered i.m. every day, during the second month 3.10(6) U were administrated thrice weekly, during the third month 3.10(6) U IFN-alpha were administered i.m.twice weekly, and during the fourth month 3.10(6) U IFN were administered i.m. once a week. The average concentration of IgG, IgA, and IgM fall in the range of normal values during the therapy. Nevertheless, some mild stimulation of the IgG production and transient one for IgA can be noticed. The average value of A4 5 0 for patients was before therapy significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than normal value--at the end of the therapy it was in the range of normal A4 5 0.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of immobilization stress on primary humoral immune response in white rats].

The influence of immobilization stress (24 h) was studied on the humoral immune response of white male rats of Wistar strain against thymus- dependent antigen(sheep erythrocytes). It was established that immunosuppression occurred during application of stress before immunization, while immunostimulation developed during application of the stress after immunization (during the effector phase of the immune response). These differences in the intensity of the immune response could be explained by the peculiarities of neuro-endocrine and immunologic changes in the tow variants of the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in children suffering from spinal muscular atrophy.

A study of certain parameters of cellular and humoral immunity of 56 children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), treated in Children's Memorial Hospital, was undertaken to explain the observed frequent and serious respiratory tract infections. The main differences between a group of patients and the control group were found in the serum IgA and IgM concentrations, a number of peripheral B cells, and in the response to skin tests. Among all the methods applied, the skin tests seem to provide the best information concerning the child immunity system. The observed abnormalities were almost parallel to the severity of the SMA course.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1975

Determinants of the hierarchy of humoral immune responsiveness during ontogeny.

A model system of ontogeny was utilized to investigate the development of humoral immunity in both AKR and BALB/c mice. Lethally irradiated adult mice were reconstituted with syngeneic fetal or neonatal liver. These mice were immunized at various times after reconstitution with a series of eight antigens: the bacteriophages F2, phiX-174, and T4; the hapten carrier complexes 2,4 dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin and fluorescein-bovine serum albumin; and the small proteins: hen egg lysozyme, sperm whale myoglobin, and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. Subsequent antibody production to the antigens was assayed with either a direct or a modified bacteriophage neutralization technique. Individual mice responded to the various antigens in a sequential pattern which was basically the same for all mice within each strain. However, there was a marked difference between the two strains in the time at which they developed responsiveness to myoglobin. In order to begin to delineate the separate roles played by B and T cells in the generation of this hierarchical response pattern during ontogeny, the development of anti-DNP and anti-FTC activity was examined in carrier-primed mice. Results of this experiment indicated that functional B cell specificities for the two haptens arise at different times during ontogeny. Further studies are needed to determine whether the hierarchical pattern of immune responsiveness observed for the other antigens is a function of sequential appearance of B cell specificities, T cell specificities, or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Humoral immunity in experimental Pneumocystis carinii infection. I. Serum and bronchial lavage fluid antibody responses in rats.

Humoral immune responses to Pneumocystis carinii were studied in rats by an IFA technique. Serum IgG antibody titers to the organism were diminished in rats administered corticosteroids to produce P. carinii infection but rose with steroid tapering and clearance of the organism from the lungs. A similar pattern of changes occurred in total serum IgG and IgM but not IgA levels by single radial diffusion. Serum antibody titers developed in control rats housed in the same room for greater than or equal to 10 weeks with P. carinii--infected rats and in old but not young rats obtained from commercial breeders. Antibody titers in bronchial lavage fluid supernatants paralleled those in serum, but albumin levels were low and IgA was the only immunoglobulin detected. By contrast, P. carinii organisms in lavage fluid sediments had IgG, IgA, and IgM detected by IFA on their surface. We conclude that the host develops systemic and local antibodies to P. carinii with both active infection and prolonged environmental exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Humoral immune responses in mice infected with gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

Humoral immune responses in C57BL/6 strain mice infected with 1.0 kGy gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae (L3) and with non-gamma-irradiated L3 of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were assessed in this study. The young-adult worm (L5) antigen-specific antibodies in sera of both groups of mice elevated gradually and reached a peak in the third week after infection. The IgM antibodies of mice 1-week after infection with gamma-irradiated L3 and with non-gamma-irradiated L3 recognized several L5 antigens of the same molecular weight. However, only partially identical profiles were observed in the reaction of L5 antigens with IgM and IgG antibodies from mice 3 weeks after infection with gamma-irradiated L3 and with non-gamma-irradiated L3 respectively by western blot analysis. With regard to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibodies from 3-week infected mice significantly increased the adherence of mouse eosinophils and neutrophils to L3 of A. cantonensis. The immunoresponses of splenic cells from mice in the third week of infection to sheep red blood cells were suppressed because the number of plaque forming cells obviously decreased more than the uninfected control.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of hemosplenic perfusion on the state of humoral immunity in suppurative-septic complications in emergency abdominal surgery].

Hemosplenoperfusion (HSP) through the donor porcine spleen was used in complex treatment of 75 patients aged from 16 to 75 with pyo-septic complications of diseases and traumas of the abdominal cavity. The influence of HSP on the state of humoral immunity was estimated by the level of antibacterial antibodies to the antigens of E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, Pr. mirabilis, St. aureus, Bact. fragilis, Bact. bifidum and antiendotoxin antibodies to glycolipid S. Minnesota RE 595, general cortical part of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria. The use of HPS promoted the resolving of endogenous intoxication, elevation of the strain of humoral antibacterial immunity and is characterized by a reliable increase of the level of antibacterial antibodies in the dynamics of treatment.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cellular and humoral immunity indices in patients with myocardial infarct complicated by thromboendocarditis].

Data are submitted on the time course of immunologic indices in 50 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) presenting with complication-free course, and 58 patients with MI complicated by thromboendocarditis. Important changes were revealed in the immune status--both cellular and humoral--during the development of thrombosis of the left ventricle secondary to MI. The cellular immunity was characterized by a decline in the levels of T-lymphocytes, particularly those of T-suppressors, augmentation of B-lymphocytes. Thrombosis evolving in MI was associated with changes in humoral immunity, such as persistent and lasting rise in immunoglobulins of all classes, especially Ig G, as well as combinations thereof, together with the increase in the content of circulating immune complexes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Regulatory effects of osteoprotegerin on cellular and humoral immune responses.

The interaction between receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and RANK has been reported to regulate immunity in addition to bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine if osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of the RANKL-RANK interaction and possibly a new drug against osteoporosis, would adversely affect immunity. OPG was used to treat mice developing different models of cellular and humoral immune responses and also in vitro in T and B cell assays. In mice, OPG does not affect cell-mediated reactions such as contact hypersensitivity to the hapten oxazolone and liver damage, granuloma formation, and infectious load induced by mycobacterial infection. However, OPG increases humoral reactions such as the production of IgM, IgG, and IgE against the T cell dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin and the production of IgM against the T cell independent antigen Pneumovax. In vitro, OPG modestly co-stimulates T cells but does not affect the proliferation of B cells. OPG has modest immunoregulatory effects that seem to be confined to the humoral response to specific antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Humoral immune response to HSV-1 and HSV-2 viral proteins in patients with primary genital herpes.

The humoral immune response to HSV-1 and HSV-2 proteins was examined in patients with primary first-episode genital herpes. Ten patients had culture-proven HSV-1 infections, 37 had HSV-2 infections, and all were seronegative to HSV proteins before developing their infections. Development of serum antibodies to individual HSV proteins and glycoproteins was determined by immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cell proteins and subsequent gel electrophoresis. In HSV-1 patients, a sequential development of antibodies to HSV-1 proteins was observed with early appearance of antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein p148 and to glycoproteins gB and gC. Seroconversion to gD and to a polypeptide of 88,000 molecular weight (p88) occurred next, and, finally, seroconversion to gE and to a nonglycosylated 66,000 dalton protein p66. In HSV-2 patients, antibodies to HSV-2 proteins p148, gB, and p88 appeared within 1 week of onset of symptoms. Seroconversion to p66, gD, and to a complex of glycoproteins gC and gE ("g80") occurred later, at a mean time of approximately 3 weeks. Seroconversion to HSV-1 gB, p88, and p66 occurred significantly later than seroconversion to the homologous counterparts. Seroconversion within 21 days of onset to HSV-2 gD, g80, and p66 was associated with a longer time to the first recurrence in HSV-2 patients, suggesting a possible role of these antibodies, alone or in combination, in the maintenance of HSV-2 latency in humans.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed2002

Humoral immunity and frequency of peritonitis in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients.

This study was designed to investigate the humoral immune status and immunological abnormalities in relation to the pathogenesis of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The levels of serum and dialysate total protein, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subgroups), and C3 were measured at baseline and at the end of the study in 12 children and 10 adult patients on CAPD. The relationship between the levels of immunoglobulin and C3 and the frequency of peritonitis was investigated. Peritonitis occurred at a frequency of one episode every 3.9 and 6.3 patient-months in children at the beginning and at the end of the study, respectively; however, the respective rates for adult patients were one episode every 5.6 and 9.8 patient-months. The levels of serum immunoglobulin and C3 were normal in adults at the beginning and at the end of the study. However, the levels of serum IgG were low in 4 of 12 pediatric patients. Of the 4 patients with low total IgG, IgA was low in 1 and IgM was low in 2 patients. Of 4 patients with low total IgG, 2 also had low IgG1 and IgG2. However, 3 of the patients with normal IgG had low IgG2 levels at the end of the study. The levels of C3 were low in 6 of 12 and in 3 of 10 pediatric patients at the beginning and at the end of the study, respectively. The protein levels of dialysate were increased at 1-year follow-up in both groups, but the difference was only statistically significant in adult patients (P<0.05). No correlation was found between the levels of serum and dialysate immunoglobulin and the frequency of peritonitis in either group. In this study, hypogammaglobulinemia and hypocomplementemia were determined in pediatric patients undergoing CAPD. Although these immunological deficits are not major factors in the occurrence of CAPD-related peritonitis, they may contribute to the frequency of peritonitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Humoral immune response to infective larval antigen in Brugia malayi infected Mastomys natalensis.

The sequential changes in the humoral immune response against infective larval antigens during the course of Brugia malayi infection in Mastomys natalensis have been studied using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. IgM antibody against B. malayi infective larval excretory secretory (ES) antigen was detected in the peripheral circulation within a week of infection, whereas IgM antibody against B. malayi infective larval somatic antigen and IgG antibody against both somatic and ES antigens were detected on day 20 post-inoculation. Thereafter, the antibody levels showed a steady increase until day 150. A gradual decrease of IgM antibody level was observed upto day 360, whereas IgG antibody level was decreased upto day 250 and then maintained almost the same level upto day 360. Wuchereria bancrofti cross reactive antigen as well as B. malayi infective larval ES antigen were detected in blood circulation on day 20, the level increased upto day 150 and then remained almost the same upto day 360 with slight variations. Studies of antigen and antibody levels in microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic animals show that there is no significant difference in antibody level whereas elevated antigen titre was observed in active infection with microfilaraemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Humoral immune response of Simulium damnosum s.l. following filarial and bacterial infections.

The time-course of the humoral immune response of female blackflies after a challenge with bacteria, different Onchocerca microfilariae species, bacterial endotoxin and microfilarial extract was investigated. Strong bacteriolytic and growth inhibition activities against the Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus were induced by all agents. Specific differences were found in activity levels and time-course. Notably the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a very early, profound bacteriolytic and antibacterial response, which declined within a day after injection. In contrast, the bacteriolytic activities after Escherichia coli D31 and Onchocerca microfilariae infections were lower, but remained elevated over the observation period of 4 days. The bacteriolytic activity was correlated to a haemolymph protein with a molecular weight of around 14 kDa. Anti-Gram-positive activity in the E. coli infected group appeared within the first 6 h. However, it took 4 days in the microfilarial infected blackflies to reach significant levels. The active agent was identified to be a peptide with a molecular weight of around 4-4.5 kDa. Activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli was detected in blackflies injected with E. coli D31, O. dukei microfilariae and microfilarial extract on days 1 and 4 after injection. The immune response in S. damnosum s.l. naturally infected via a bloodmeal on cattle supported the findings of the experimental infections. Similarities of the immune response kinetics between bacterial and filarial infections suggested that intracellular Wolbachia bacteria, released from microfilariae, could be responsible for the antibacterial response. This is supported by the observation that the induction of an immune response in the Drosophila melanogaster mbn-2 cell line by the filarial extract is blocked by polymyxin B, which forms inactive complexes with bacterial LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Autogenous humoral immunity to baboon xenotropic endogenous type C virus.

A radioimmune precipitation assay was used to evaluate the humoral immune response of baboons (Papio cynocephalus) to their endogenous, xenotropic, type C (M7) virus. Using 125I or [3H]leucine-labeled intact virus preparation, we demonstrated that baboons possess naturally occurring virus-binding antibodies to this virus. Antibody appeared directed against envelope and not internal viral proteins. Immunoglobulins responsible for virus-binding were predominant in the IgG and IgA serum fractions, whereas IgM participated to a minor degree. The biologic activities of these immunoglobulins were investigated by means of a focus reduction assay for virus neutralization with a murine sarcoma virus (M7) pseudotype. We determined that, despite the presence of considerable virus binding, none of the normal baboon sera tested possessed neutralizing activity for M7 virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Glycoprotein H of human cytomegalovirus is a major antigen for the neutralizing humoral immune response.

A recombinant baculovirus expressing glycoprotein H (gpUL75) of human cytomegalovirus was used to examine the humoral immune response in naturally infected individuals. Recombinant baculovirus infected insect cells produced two forms of gH with molecular masses of 78-82 kDa and 94 kDa. The 94 kDa polypeptide was modified by high mannose oligosaccharide side-chains as shown by reduction in molecular mass after treatment with endoglycosidases H and F. The 78-82 kDa protein represented the non-glycosylated precursor which was resistant to the enzymes. In contrast to gH expressed in mammalian cells, the recombinant baculovirus expressed gH was transported to the cell surface. Glycoprotein H produced in insect cells was reactive with human convalescent sera and all tested neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing either linear or conformational epitopes. Antibodies reacting with insect cell derived gH were detected in 96 percent of HCMV seropositive human sera. Using insect cells infected with the gH expressing recombinant baculovirus as immunoabsorbent, between 0 percent and 58 percent of the total virus neutralizing activity was removed from sera of individuals with a past HCMV infection. gH must therefore be considered a major antigen for the induction of neutralizing antibodies during natural infection.

Animals↗