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PubMed1995

Massive eosinophilic infiltration in a patient with the nephrotic syndrome and drug-induced interstitial nephritis.

The pathologic feature of acute interstitial nephritis is the infiltration of mononuclear cells, predominantly lymphocytes and monocytes, into the interstitium. We present an unusual case of a 49-year-old man with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis whose renal biopsy specimen showed a massive infiltration of eosinophils into the interstitium and eosinophils infiltrating into the glomerulus through a gap in Bowman's capsule and the juxtaglomerular zone. The patient initially was referred to us with a recurrence of the nephrotic syndrome. Deterioration of renal function and an increase in proteinuria was noted at that time. Triazolam, a sleep inducer, was the suspected cause of the acute interstitial nephritis. Renal biopsy revealed sclerotic glomeruli containing eosinophils among massive infiltrated eosinophils and a loss of endothelial cells and mesangial cells in contrast to a preservation of epithelial cells. Infiltrating eosinophils were directly attached to the glomerular basement membrane, and free granules from the eosinophils were observed in the capillary lumen. In addition to chronic sclerotic change, eosinophils may have further damaged the glomerular capillary wall, leading to an increased severity of proteinuria in this case.

Eosinophilia↗

PubMed1987

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face: report of cases and review of the literature.

Three cases of infiltrating congenital lipomatosis of the face are presented. These lesions shared the following morphologic criteria: 1) nonencapsulated congenital fatty tumor; 2) infiltration of adjacent muscle and soft tissue; 3) absence of lipoblast and malignant characteristics; 4) presence of fibrous elements with numerous nerve bundles and vessels; and 5) hypertrophy of subjacent bone. Although these tumors are benign, all three recurred after surgical excision. Extensive specimen sampling is advisable to exclude infiltrating lipoma, diffuse angiomatosis, infiltrating angiolipoma, and well-differentiated liposarcoma. Relationship with lipoblastomatosis and histogenesis of infiltrating congenital lipomatosis of the face are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Variables affecting the T cell receptor V beta repertoire heterogeneity of T cells infiltrating human renal allografts.

Donor-specific, alloreactive T cell lines may be grown from cells infiltrating human renal allografts. These T cell lines utilize restricted T cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain variable (V beta) gene repertoires, although long-term culture appears to be necessary for restriction to be observed. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of potential selective pressures on the TCR repertoires of allograft-infiltrating cells. TCR V beta repertoires of 30 allograft-derived T cell populations, cultured for defined, short time periods, were examined using polymerase chain reaction. When first derived, V beta repertoires of graft-infiltrating T cells were as heterogeneous as those of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). There was no relationship between the length of time an allograft was in situ or the extent of HLA mismatch and repertoire heterogeneity. Repertoire restriction was positively correlated with the length of time cells were cultured in vitro. Long-term, alloreactive mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), established from normal, unsensitized PBL, also demonstrated V beta repertoire restriction during expansion in vitro. Restricted alloreactive populations emerged much more slowly from the MLR than from the allograft-derived cultures, however, implying that graft infiltrates contain previously activated populations of T cells. This observation, taken together with the fact that long-term, graft-derived cell lines maintain donor specificity, suggests that functional subsets must be allowed to emerge from heterogeneous infiltrates before TCR repertoire may be correlated with alloreactivity and/or graft rejection.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2006

[Comparison between the terminal motor pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, the localization of the perineal neuralgia and the result of infiltrations. Analysis of 53 patients].

AIM: The aim is to study the value of the pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) testing, in respect to the painful side in patients with pudenda neuralgia, and to determine whether a possible increased latency in the painful side is predictive of a good result with the infiltration. METHOD: This retrospective study included 53 outpatients (42 women, mean age 62) with suffering from pudendal neuralgia, who were seen between 2000 and 2004. The mean duration of the pain was 30+/-47 months. The PNTMPNL was measured by the Saint-Mark hospital technique, by the same operator. The following criteria have been were defined: significant increased latency greater than above 6 ms, significant difference of 2 ms in latency between 2 sides from 2 ms, and side of the infiltration corresponding to the side of the neuralgia. The infiltrations were performed either by perineal (30 cases) or transgluteal (8 cases) way. The results on pain were have been considered as good when a substantial reduction of the pain was observed for 6 months or more. Statistical analysis involved was done by the exact Fischer's test to seek for a possible relation between variables. RESULTS: Of 53 patients (42 women, 11 men, mean age 62) suffered from a with perineal neuralgia. The duration of the neuralgia was 30+/-47 months. It was bilateral in 10 cases and unilateral in 43 cases. In 43 patients with When the pain was unilateral pain, PNTML we find that the MDLPN was increased in both sides in 39.5% of the population, in the painful side in 14% and in the side opposite side of the to pain in 11%. In 10 patients with the neuralgia was bilateral pain, in 10 patients. Among then, 4 had a bilateral increase of the latency, one patient had an increase only on the right side, and another one an increase only on the left side. We did not find any correlation between the increased of the PNTML TMPNL and, either neither the duration of the neuralgia nor the result of the infiltrations, whatever the method way of the infiltration. CONCLUSION: The PNTML can be increased whether it corresponds or not to an entrapment of the pudendal nerve. Thus, the management of perineal pain is based mainly, from us, on clinical findings.

Aged↗

PubMed2007

Lymphocytic infiltration and goblet cell marker alteration in the conjunctiva of the MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a progressive, immune-mediated destruction of mucosal tissues such as the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to ocular and oral dryness. The MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mouse is one of the animal models used to study this disease. However, little is known about the potential alterations in the conjunctiva in this murine model. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether the conjunctiva is infiltrated by T lymphocytes, (2) characterize the type, amount and temporal sequence of the inflammatory infiltrates, and (3) investigate whether the amount of conjunctival goblet cells is altered in this murine model of Sjögren's syndrome. Female 4-, 9-, 13-, 16-, and 18-/20-wk-old MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (lpr, diseased) and congenic MRL/MpJ (+/+, control) mice were used. Right eyes were either fixed, frozen, cryosectioned, and studied by immunofluorescence microscopy or the conjunctiva was removed, homogenized and analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The following antibodies were used: anti-CD3 (specific T lymphocyte marker), anti-cytokeratin 7 (CK-7), anti-PKD (formerly known as PKCmu, both markers of goblet cell bodies), anti-PGP 9.5 (pan-neuronal marker), anti-VIP and TH (markers for parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, respectively), anti-adrenergic (alpha(1) and beta(1-3)) and muscarinic (M(1)-M(3)) receptor subtypes (markers for neurotransmitter receptors of the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, respectively). Left eyes were fixed, embedded, sectioned, and stained. Hematoxylin/eosin, Giemsa, or alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff's reagent were used to study lymphocyte infiltration; to determine the presence of eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells; and to count the number of goblet cells, respectively. By immunofluorescence microscopy, lymphocytes were detected in the conjunctiva of 9-wk-old lpr, but not +/+, mice. The lymphocytic infiltration became more extensive as the animals aged, with 16- and 18-/20-wk lpr mice appearing to have a greater lymphocytic infiltration than +/+ mice at the same age. By Western blot analysis, the amount of CD3 was enhanced in lpr compared to +/+ mice by the 16th wk, but not by the 9th wk. No major differences in the presence of eosinophils, neutrophils and degranulated mast cells between lpr and +/+ mice were observed. By light microscopy, a significant increase in goblet cell number was found in lpr mice compared to +/+ mice at 16 wks on. By Western blotting, the amount of CK-7 was significantly increased at 9 wks on and the amount of PKD was significantly increased at 16 wks. By immunofluorescence microscopy, there were no major differences in distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves present in the lpr conjunctiva compared to that of +/+ mice at any ages, although slight differences were observed with increased age. Muscarinic receptor expression was decreased, as less M(3) receptor subtype-associated immunofluorescence was detected in older lpr mice compared to +/+ mice and confirmed by Western blot analysis. No differences in the localization or the amount of alpha(1)- or beta(1-3)-adrenergic receptor immunodetection were observed between lpr and +/+ mice. We conclude that the conjunctiva is a target tissue in Sjögren's syndrome-related inflammation in this murine model.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Pain, mast cells, and nerves in peritoneal, ovarian, and deep infiltrating endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To detect and quantify mast cells in peritoneal, ovarian, and deep infiltrating endometriosis and to study the relationship between mast cells and nerves in endometriosis. DESIGN: Prospective histological and immunohistochemical study. SETTING: University of Brussels, Belgium. PATIENT(S): Sixty-nine women undergoing laparoscopic excision of endometriosis for pain. Thirty-seven biopsies of normal tissue were obtained from women without endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S): Excision of endometriosis from different anatomical locations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Immunohistochemistry with chymase and tryptase to confirm the presence of mast cells and activated mast cells, respectively, in endometriotic lesions. Quantification of mast cells, activated mast cells, and degranulating mast cells in the different locations of endometriosis. Study of the relationship between mast cells and nerves by quantifying mast cells located less than 25 mum from nerves immunohistochemically stained with S-100 protein. Preoperative pain score evaluation by visual analogue scales. RESULT(S): Patients with deeply infiltrating lesions had significantly higher preoperative pain scores than patients with peritoneal or ovarian endometriosis. Mast cells and degranulating mast cells are significantly more abundant in endometriotic lesions than in nonaffected tissues. Deep infiltrating lesions show a significantly higher number of mast cells, activated mast cells, and mast cells located <25 microm from nerves than peritoneal and ovarian lesions. We found significantly more degranulating mast cells in deep infiltrating lesions than in peritoneal lesions. CONCLUSION(S): The presence of increased activated and degranulating mast cells in deeply infiltrating endometriosis, which are the most painful lesions, and the close histological relationship between mast cells and nerves strongly suggest that mast cells could contribute to the development of pain and hyperalgesia in endometriosis, possibly by a direct effect on nerve structures.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Significance of a solitary perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in lung allograft recipients with mild acute cellular rejection.

BACKGROUND: Although a solitary prominent perivascular mononuclear infiltrate is diagnostic of mild acute rejection (A2) in lung allograft recipients, its significance is still poorly defined. We evaluated the significance of a solitary perivascular mononuclear infiltrate and its correlation with clinical outcome in lung allograft recipients. METHODS: Thirteen patients had mild acute rejection as diagnosed by the presence of a solitary perivascular mononuclear infiltrate. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on subsequent treatment: treated (Group 1) and non-treated (Group 2) patients. We analyzed the difference between the 2 groups according to clinical presentation, histologic parameters and outcome. RESULTS: Nine patients were women (69%), 4 were men (31%); 12 were white and 1 was African American. Ages at the time of biopsy ranged from 20 to 68 years, with a mean of 47.2 years and a median of 52 years. Eight had a history of single-lung transplant and 5 had a history of double-lung transplant. The most common reasons for transplantation were emphysema (n = 6) and cystic fibrosis (n = 3). Nine patients (65.4%) showed decreased rejection grade or no evidence of acute rejection (Group 1) after treatment. Four patients who were untreated had persistent multifocal mild or worsening moderate rejection on subsequent biopsy (Group 2). CONCLUSIONS: Treated and untreated patients with mild rejection based on a solitary perivascular infiltrate have similar clinical presentations and histologic characteristics. Solitary mononuclear infiltrates showed persistence or progression without therapy and therefore need to be treated as, not segregated from, the "usual" forms of mild acute allograft rejection.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2005

The immunization protocol determines whether endogenous interferon-gamma suppresses the infiltration of eosinophils into the conjunctiva.

BACKGROUND: Studies with interferon-gamma knockout (GKO) mice showed that endogenous IFN-gamma suppresses the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the conjunctiva. To examine whether this phenomenon is universally true, we induced conjunctival inflammation by four different immunization protocols. METHODS: Both wild type (WT) and GKO mice (C57BL/6 background) were immunized with ragweed (RW) in aluminum hydroxide (alum). Two different immunization protocols were used: either the emulsion was injected into only the left hind footpad or it was also injected into the tail base (50 microg RW in 2mg alum per injection site). In addition, to compare the effects of the immunization dose of RW and the immunization site, 100 microg RW in 2mg alum was injected into only the left hind footpad and 25 microg RW in 2mg alum per injection site was injected into both the left hind footpad and the tail base. Ten days later, the mice were challenged with 2mg RW in 10 microl PBS. Twenty-four hours later, the conjunctivas were analyzed histologically, and the cellular and humoral immune responses in the spleens and sera were determined, respectively. RESULTS: Similar to a previous report, GKO mice showed significant eosinophilic infiltration into the conjunctiva after the footpad only injection of 50 microg RW. However, injection of 50 microg RW per injection site into the footpad plus the tail base resulted in comparable levels of eosinophilic infiltration in WT and GKO mice. On the contrary, either immunization of 100 microg RW in 2mg alum into only the left hind footpad or that of 25 microg RW in 2mg alum into both the left hind footpad and the tail base induced significant infiltration of eosinophils into the conjunctiva of GKO mice, compared to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the immunization protocol employed has a marked effect on the severity of eosinophilic infiltration. These observations indicate that in interpreting experimental results in the study of EC, the immunization protocol employed must be considered.

Allergens↗

PubMed2004

The application of ground penetrating radar attenuation tomography in a vadose zone infiltration experiment.

Cross-borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR) is used in monitoring a long-term vadose zone infiltration experiment at a test site in Socorro, NM in order to examine contaminant transport in the vadose zone. XBGPR attenuation tomography is conducted in order to test the ability of using images of electromagnetic attenuation for hydrogeologic investigations. The results of four pre-infiltration attenuation inversions shows standard deviations below 0.1 Np/m, and demonstrate the consistency of the XBGPR tomography technique for making time-lapse observations. Correlation to the core records indicates that XBGPR attenuation tomograms provide high-resolution images of clay distribution in the vadose zone. Water infiltration at the ground surface was initiated in February 1999 at a constant rate of 2.7 cm/day, and continued at this rate throughout the data collection experiment. Time-lapse attenuation tomograms show that attenuation increases by approximately 0.3 Np/m during the water infiltration, and indicate a snowplow effect may be occurring where salts are dissolved by the water and concentrated at the front of the plume. Seasonal temperature changes may also cause changes in electromagnetic attenuation images, and masking the evidence of water infiltration. Thus caution must be taken when using time-lapse attenuation images to interpret the movement of a water plume during a long-term experiment as temperature changes.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed2004

Effects of ropivacaine infiltration on cortisol and prolactin responses to postoperative pain after inguinal hernioraphy in children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Painful interventions may have a serious adverse psychological impact, particularly in young patients. Inguinal hernia repair is the most common surgical outpatient procedure performed on infants and children. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pre- and postincisional infiltration of the surgical area with ropivacaine on cortisol (C) and prolactin (PRL) release and postoperative pain in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Forty-five school-age children, aged 6 to 10 years, undergoing outpatient inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia were placed randomly into 3 groups. Preincisional wound infiltration of 3 mg/kg ropivacaine was performed in group I patients before surgery. Postincisional wound infiltration was performed in group II patients after hernia repair but before skin closure, and group III patients (controls) did not received any local anesthetic. In the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), objective pain assessments were performed every 5 minutes using a standardized 10-point objective pain scale. RESULTS: Plasma C concentrations increased at the end of the operation in all groups but significantly only in the control group (P <.001). There was no significant difference between the pre- and postincisional groups with regard to pre- and postoperative C alterations (P >.05). Although plasma PRL concentrations increased significantly at the end of the operation in the control group (P <.001), no significant difference was found between pre- and postoperative values in the infiltration groups (P >.05). The pre- and postoperative plasma PRL differences were significant between only groups I and III (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the current study suggest that wound infiltration with ropivacaine decreases the stress response to surgery and the postoperative pain.

Amides↗

PubMed2026

Tumor-Infiltrating Basophils Are Associated With Improved Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer.

PURPOSE: Basophils are rare granulocytic cells known for their role in allergic reactions, but they may also be involved in other diseases such as cancer. However, the role of tumor-infiltrating basophils in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unexplored. Here, we aimed to clarify the significance of basophils in CRC by analyzing tumor tissue from 2 CRC cohorts (n = 1830) and blood samples from 730 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor-infiltrating basophils were identified and quantified using double immunohistochemistry (proMBP1 for basophils and cytokeratin for tumor cells) combined with digital image analysis, and blood basophil counts were measured. The associations between basophils (in tumor tissue and blood) and clinicopathological features, prognosis, immune cell profiles, and systemic inflammation markers were examined. RESULTS: Higher densities of tumor-infiltrating basophils showed an inverse association with cancer-specific mortality, with stronger evidence in cohort 2 than in cohort 1. After adjusting for key prognostic factors (including disease stage and mismatch repair status), the hazard ratios for cancer-specific mortality comparing high versus low basophil density were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.43-1.03; Ptrend = .051) in cohort 1 (n = 749) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.40-0.74; Ptrend < .001) in cohort 2 (n = 1039). Higher basophil densities were also associated with lower disease stage and less frequent lymphovascular invasion but not with mismatch repair deficiency. Blood basophil count correlated with tumor-infiltrating basophil density (r = 0.113; P = .003) but not with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor-infiltrating basophils seem to be associated with favorable clinicopathological features and potentially improved CRC outcomes, suggesting that basophils may contribute to the tumor microenvironment.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Virus removal within a soil infiltration zone as affected by effluent composition, application rate, and soil type.

The column studies presented in this paper simulated the infiltrative surface of onsite wastewater systems where effluent is applied and where a biomat may form. Two bacteriophages, MS-2 and PRD-1, were used as surrogates for human pathogenic enteric viruses during two tracer tests. A vacuum manifold was used to simulate the drainage effects of an underlying unsaturated soil profile, allowing for the collection of percolate samples at 4 cm immediately below the infiltrative surface. The impact of effluent applied (septic tank effluent (STE) or a simulated ground water), soil type (medium sand or sandy loam), hydraulic loading rate (5 or 25 cm/day) and method of application (four equivalent daily doses or 24 equivalent micro-doses per day) on the removal of viruses were investigated. These unsaturated mini column experiments demonstrated that the removal of viruses within an infiltrative surface zone (of approximately 4 cm) generally improved over time under the conditions studied. An exception occurred in sand-filled columns dosed with STE where the removal of PRD-1 decreased after a period of effluent application. Statistical analysis conducted on the calculated percent removal demonstrated that the quality of the effluent applied to the infiltrative surface is important for removal of MS-2 and PRD-1. Hydraulic loading rate also proved important in the removal of viruses. At the time of tracer test 2, columns dosed at the higher HLR (25 cm/day) had higher percent removals for both MS-2 and PRD-1. Soil type altered the removal of PRD-1 at the time of the second tracer test, at which time sandy loam had higher removal rates for PRD-1. No significant differences were observed between columns dosed four times daily and those dosed 24 times daily for either bacteriophage at either of the tracer test time points. These data suggest that over a relatively short period of operation the infiltrative surface of soil based wastewater treatment systems can achieve much higher removal then initially measured shortly after startup.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed1997

Vasoconstrictor infiltration in breast reduction surgery: is it harmful?

The efficacy of vasoconstrictor infiltration in reducing blood loss is well known. However, adrenaline infiltration is potentially harmful to tissues. The question of whether or not adrenaline infiltration is harmful in breast reduction surgery remains unanswered. We retrospectively reviewed the notes of 100 consecutive cases after bilateral breast reduction (n = 200 breasts) with preoperative infiltration of a vasoconstrictor solution (10 ml adrenaline 1:10,000, 20 ml lignocaine 1%, 70 ml saline 0.9%, resulting in an adrenaline concentration of 1:100,000), looking specifically at postoperative complications that could be secondary to adrenaline infiltration. Two breasts developed a 'haematoma'; both were of small volume. Six breasts developed a 'minimal wound' problem which involved the T-junction. 'Wound breakdown' was noted in five breasts and again involved the T-junction in most cases. 'Wound infection' occurred in eleven breasts. There was one case of partial 'nipple necrosis'. Complications occurred in 12.5% of breasts and 21% of patients. We feel that this complication rate is within acceptable limits.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Microscopic venous infiltration as predictor of relapse in renal cell carcinoma.

In a retrospective analysis at a single institution we evaluated the significance of various pathological phenomena on the disease-free survival of patients with radically resected renal cell carcinoma. Parameters considered were tumor extension (pT stage) according to the International Union Against Cancer, tumor invasion into the renal vein or vena cava (V stage), standard histological grading (G stage), nuclear grading (F stage) and microscopic venous infiltration. The pT stage had a significant impact on disease-free survival (p = 0.0004) of patients with radically resected tumors, as did G stage (p = 0.0001) and F stage (p = 0.002). In contrast to some previously reported results tumor extension to the renal vein and vena cava showed no influence on disease-free survival (p = 0.077). On the other hand, microscopic venous infiltration, defined as local tumor infiltration through all vessel structures including the endothelial layer leading to a free tumor extension into the vessel, had a significant impact on disease-free survival (p less than 0.0001). When stratifying either tumor size or nuclear differentiation against microscopic venous infiltration, the latter retained a superior influence on disease-free survival (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0079, respectively). We conclude that microscopic venous infiltration is the most important predictor of relapse in renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Immunohistologic pattern of the portal T-lymphocyte infiltration in hepatic allograft rejection.

Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify helper T cells (TH) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (TS/C) in liver allograft biopsy specimens obtained 7,21,90,180, and 365 days postoperatively and then annually or during episodes of graft dysfunction and after treatment of rejection episodes. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 70 hepatic allografts from patients treated with cyclosporine and corticosteroids. Rejection was diagnosed by the presence of appropriate laboratory and light microscopic findings and at least 16 weeks of follow-up to exclude other causes of graft dysfunction. Three immunohistologic patterns were noted: no or only a trace of T lymphocytes, predominantly TH infiltrate with or without a small amount of TS/C cells (portal TH), and a mixture of TH with an equal or greater number of TS/C infiltrate (portal mix). Of 68 biopsy specimens obtained during quiescent periods, only 3 had a portal tract T-lymphocyte infiltrate. Of 30 protocol biopsy specimens, 24 contained such an infiltrate a mean of 12.4 days before biochemical and routine histologic indications of rejection in the allograft. At the time of the rejection episode, 33 biopsy specimens were immunohistologically labeled; portal tract T-lymphocyte infiltrate was predominantly TH in 8 and a mixture of TH and TS/C in 25. All rejection episodes with a predominantly TH pattern responded to methylprednisolone. Of the 25 rejection episodes with a portal mix pattern, only 3 responded to methylprednisolone. Eighty-seven biopsy specimens were obtained more than 10 days after treatment of rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2003

Ground water pollution by roof runoff infiltration evidenced with multi-tracer experiments.

The infiltration of urban roof runoff into well permeable subsurface material may have adverse effects on the ground water quality and endanger drinking water resources. Precipitation water from three different roofs of an industrial complex was channelled to a pit and infiltrated into a perialpine glaciofluvial gravel-and-sand aquifer. A shaft was constructed at the bottom of the pit and equipped with an array of TDR probes, lysimeters and suction cups that allowed measuring and sampling soil water at different depths. A fast infiltration flow was observed during natural rainfall events and during artificial infiltration experiments. For a better understanding of the behaviour of contaminants, experiments were conducted with cocktails of compounds of different reactivity (ammonium, strontium, atratone) and of non-reactive tracers (uranine, bromide, naphthionate), which represent different classes of pollutants. The experiment identified cation exchange reactions influencing the composition of the infiltrating water. These processes occurred under preferential flow conditions in macropores of the material. Measuring concentration changes under the controlled inflow of tracer experiments, the pollution potential was found to be high. Non-reactive tracers exhibited fast breakthrough and little sorption.

Cities↗

PubMed1975

Histologic variants of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast.

Thirty-eight breasts with lobular carcinoma in situ and an additional intraductal or infiltrating cancer were studied. Twenty-six of the additional cancers were diagnosed as infiltrating lobular cancer on the basis of a single population of small uniform cells cytologically identical to those in lobular carcinoma in situ. In 20 of these cases the conventional pattern of infiltrating lobular cancer was evident with an individual cell infiltrate with foci of single filing. In the other six there was a confluent arrangement of cells in solid sheets. This pattern has not been previously reported as a pattern of infiltrating lobular cancer. Because of the identical cytologic appearance, we believe it is a variant of infiltraing lobular cancer and should be diagnosed as such.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1996

Tumor-associated eosinophilic infiltrate of cervical cancer is indicative for a less effective immune response.

The local inflammatory tumor infiltrate related to cervical carcinoma has been shown to consist mainly of T lymphocytes and macrophages. In 5% to 40% of the cases, eosinophilic granulocytes from a major part of the tumor-infiltrating cells. The presence of a high percentage of eosinophilic granulocytes in the infiltrate might reflect a less effective antitumor response, resulting in a worse overall survival. In the present study, histological slides from 83 patients who had been treated for cervical squamous carcinoma were reviewed. Special emphasis was put on the presence of eosinophils in the tumor infiltrate and correlated with clinical outcome as a parameter of the strength of the host-antitumor response. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of a large amount of eosinophils among the infiltrate was an independent parameter, predicting a worse overall survival in patients with tumor-negative lymph nodes and tumor-negative resection margins (n = 61). The presence of eosinophilic granulocytes might represent a less appropriate immune response based on a disturbed equilibrium between Th-1- and Th-2-mediated immune response.

Adult↗