PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Iodates”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Adding an oxidant increases the stability of iodine in iodized salt.

It has been shown that moisture plays a critical role in the stability of iodine and that reducing agents in iodized salt reduce the stability of iodine. We question whether this is valid in all cases, and have found that the reducing agent may play a more important role than moisture in decreasing the stability of iodine. We reviewed current methods to enhance iodine retention in iodized salt, and propose methods to produce stable iodized salt and to analyze its stability. Our experiments showed that when reducing impurities are removed, iodine remains stable in iodized salt, even when the salt is "wet." We suggest that the stability of iodine in iodized salt can be improved by oxidizing iodized salt with sodium hypochloride, and that the iodine content of iodized salt, after heating at 120 degrees C for one hour, can be used to reflect the quality of iodized salt. We have demonstrated that reducing agents play a critical role in the stability of iodine in iodized salt. We have shown a method of purifying salt by removing reducing materials, which can be used to produce iodized salt with sufficient stability at lower cost. We also propose an analytical method to determine the stability of iodine in iodized salt. These methods could be further developed to achieve better accuracy, precision, and reliability and be applied to a greater variety of iodized salts.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed2003

Novel oxidative dimer from caffeic acid.

The novel Diels-Alder adduct, dicaffeoyl quinone as its hydrate, was formed from the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) with NaIO4. The structure of this hydrate was determined by spectroscopic methods.

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed1988

Effect of voluntary intake of iodinated salt on prevalence of goitre in children.

The availability of iodinated salt containing 20 mg of iodine as iodate/kg salt consumed on a voluntary basis enabled us to investigate its effect on goitre prevalence and iodine excretion in urine in a longitudinal, prospective, randomized study over 4 years. With this salt, under the assumption of a consumption of 5 g salt per day and person, an additional intake of 100 micrograms of iodine can be achieved. The study was performed on initially 334 children (168 boys, 166 girls) at the age of 10 years living in an area of iodine deficiency. After 4 years, 286 children still participated in the study. Initially, goitre prevalence as assessed by palpation was found to be 30.5% (37.4% in girls and 23.8% in boys). Neck circumference was found to be significantly higher in children with goitre compared with those without (30.2 +/- 1.4 vs 29.4 +/- 1.4 cm; P less than 0.001). Iodine excretion in the urine was significantly lower in children with goitre compared with those without (40.4 +/- 16.7 micrograms/g creatinine vs 46.1 +/- 24.9 micrograms/g creatinine; x +/- SD; P less than 0.05). The children were randomly assigned to two different groups: group A (N = 146) was asked to use iodinated salt, group B (N = 188) non-iodinated salt. Over the 4 years, a continuous increase in iodine excretion in urine could be demonstrated in group A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of radiohaloanalogues of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) for a combined gene- and targeted radiotherapy approach to bladder carcinoma.

Targeted radiotherapy using radiolabelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a promising treatment option for bladder cancer, restricting the effects of radiotherapy to malignant cells thereby increasing efficacy and decreasing morbidity of radiotherapy. We investigated the efficacy of a combined gene therapy and targeted radiotherapy approach for bladder cancer using radiolabelled MIBG. The effectiveness of alternative radiohalogens and alternative preparations of radiolabelled MIBG for this therapeutic strategy were compared. Bladder cancer cells, EJ138, were transfected with a gene encoding the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) under the control of a tumour specific telomerase promoter, enabling them to actively take up radiolabelled MIBG. This resulted in tumour-specific cell kill. Uptake and retention of radioactivity in cells transfected with the NAT gene were compared with that obtained in cells transfected with the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene. Substantially greater uptake and longer retention of radioactivity in NAT-transfected cells was observed. Carrier-added (c.a.) [131I]MIBG, no-carrier added (n.c.a.) [131I]MIBG, and [211At]-labelled benzylguanidine (i.e. [211At] meta-astatobenzylguanidine (MABG)) were compared with respect to efficiency of induction of cell kill. N.c.a[(131)I]MIBG was more cytotoxic than c.a.[131I]MIBG. However, the alpha-emitter [211At]MABG was, by three orders of magnitude, more effective in causing tumour cell kill than the beta-emitter [131I]MIBG. We conclude that NAT gene transfer combined with the administration of n.c.a.[131I]MIBG or [211At]MABG, is a promising novel treatment approach for bladder cancer therapy.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1976

The histochemical localization of cholesterol in formalin-fixed and fresh frozen sections.

The premixed cholesterol reagent (acetic acid, sulphuric acid, ferric chloride and phosphoric acid) employed in a spectrophotometric method for serum cholesterol determinations was applied to frozen sections of various rat and rabbit tissues. The histochemical reaction was compared with the results obtained by the classical Schultz reaction. The same bluish-green color was observed after treatment of formalin-fixed and fresh cryostat sections incubated in 2.5% iron alum at 37 C for 3 days. The premixed cholesterol reagent is stable for years at room temperature if stored in a brown bottle and is thus readily available for routine use.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1998

[Iodine deficiency and iodine prophylaxis experience in Sicily].

Twenty years ago we described an area of goiter endemia in North-Eastern Sicily. In this area endemic goiter was associated to a variable degree of iodine deficiency and, in some places, also to an increased thiocyanate urine excretion. Our studies have demonstrated a strict relationship between iodine deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism (both permanent and transient), an increased prevalence of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and an increased prevalence of thyroid cancer (follicular and anaplastic histotypes). A number of cases of endemic cretinism have also been described. An active iodine prophylaxis program has been carried in the town of Troina in the years 1979-87, by iodinating the municipal water supply. This intervention caused the disappearance of goiter in schoolchildren in only five years. In the last 20 years the prevalence of goiter has decreased in all endemic areas probably because of the "silent prophylaxis", due to improved socio-economic conditions and industrial food consumption. Today the persistence of endemic goiter confirms the inadequacy of the silent iodine prophylaxis and the need to immediately introduce an active iodine prophylaxis in Sicily.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1976

[Surgical treatment of Basedow's disease].

Specific surgery of Graves' disease in the patient prepared by prior medication is a low-risk method of treatment. Subtotal thyroidectomy can be regarded as a specific therapeutic procedure which brings about a prompt euthyroid status. Mandatory and circumspect exposure of the recurrent nerves affords greater certainty of avoiding damage to them.

Carbimazole↗
PubMed1999

Dosimetry of room-air germicidal (254 nm) radiation using spherical actinometry.

A method is demonstrated for measuring germicidal (254 nm) ultraviolet radiation (GUVR) in an omnidirectional manner. This method has application for those situations in which GUVR from more than one direction or source impinges on a three-dimensional object, and when it is of interest to determine the radiant fluence experienced by the object. For this purpose spherical quartz vessels were constructed varying from 0.8 to 1.25 cm in outside diameter. The vessels were filled with an actinometric solution consisting of KI and KIO3. This solution is optically opaque at 254 nm and is insensitive to room light. Upon exposure to GUVR this solution, which counts all of the 254 nm photons, forms triiodide. Following radiation, the contents of the vessel are removed, the absorbance of triiodide measured and the fluence rate determined based on a relationship that takes the volume to cross-sectional area of the actinometer into account. It is demonstrated that, in accordance with theory, the area of the sphere that intercepts the radiant energy is equal to the cross-sectional area of the sphere. A demonstration of the utility of this method was carried out in a test facility 90 m3 equipped with five GUVR lamps, one in each corner and one in the center of the room, arranged so as to irradiate the air in the upper portion of the room. Twenty spherical actinometers were evenly distributed around the room and exposed for either 30 or 90 min. The fluence rate varied from one part of the room to another, peaking near the GUVR lamps at 65-85 microW per cm2. By averaging over all 20 points, a pseudoaverage fluence rate for the room was found to be 42 and 44 microW per cm2 for the 30 and 90 min exposures, respectively. The similarities in the values for this metric demonstrates that the actinometric response is linear over this exposure range.

Disinfection↗