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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The naming disorder of dementia.

Naming impairment is a common feature of the language disorder of dementia, yet agreement has not been reached on its mechanisms. In this study, the confrontation naming performance of twelve demented subjects was compared to that of age-matched controls. Naming deficits were studied in relation to overall language and cognitive dysfunction and analysed to assess the importance of both perceptual and linguistic factors. Naming dysfunction occurred even in mild dementia, in patients whose overall language function remained normal, and worsened in proportion to the degree both of language deficit and overall cognitive dysfunction. Perceptual difficulty and word frequency, but not word length, were important determinants of naming performance in demented patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A genome scan for developmental dyslexia confirms linkage to chromosome 2p11 and suggests a new locus on 7q32.

Developmental dyslexia is a distinct learning disability with unexpected difficulty in learning to read despite adequate intelligence, education, and environment, and normal senses. The genetic aetiology of dyslexia is heterogeneous and loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 15, and 18 have been repeatedly linked to it. We have conducted a genome scan with 376 markers in 11 families with 38 dyslexic subjects ascertained in Finland. Linkage of dyslexia to the vicinity of DYX3 on 2p was confirmed with a non-parametric linkage (NPL) score of 2.55 and a lod score of 3.01 for a dominant model, and a novel locus on 7q32 close to the SPCH1 locus was suggested with an NPL score of 2.77. The SPCH1 locus has previously been linked with a severe speech and language disorder and autism, and a mutation in exon 14 of the FOXP2 gene on 7q32 has been identified in one large pedigree. Because the language disorder associated with the SPCH1 locus has some overlap with the language deficits observed in dyslexia, we sequenced the coding region of FOXP2 as a candidate gene for our observed linkage in six dyslexic subjects. No mutations were identified. We conclude that DYX3 appears to be important for dyslexia susceptibility in many Finnish families, and a suggested linkage of dyslexia to chromosome 7q32 will need verification in other data sets.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1994

Measuring phonology in babble and speech.

Procedures for measuring prelinguistic vocalizations and early phonological development are described and illustrated. The prelinguistic measures indicate that production of supraglottal consonants in consonant-vowel syllables is correlated with subsequent speech and language development and that limited use of consonants can serve as a way to identify children who are at risk for speech and language disorders. Three measures of meaningful speech are discussed, two based on accuracy of production, one on error patterns. All three correlate with severity of involvement, but as yet their relationship to speech intelligibility is unclear.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Language-impaired 4-year-olds: distinguishing transient from persistent impairment.

In a prospective, longitudinal study, 87 language-impaired children were assessed at the ages of 4, 4 1/2, and 5 1/2 years on a battery of language measures. In 37% of children, who were termed the "good outcome group," the language disorder had resolved by the age of 5 1/2 years so that children were indistinguishable from a control group. If one restricted consideration only to those 68 children whose nonverbal ability was within normal limits, the figure rose to 44%. Outcome for individual children (good or poor) could be predicted with 90% accuracy on the basis of test measures obtained at 4 years. The best predictor was ability to tell back a simple story to pictures. The one language measure that did not relate to outcome was phonological competence.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subgrouping children with familial phonologic disorders.

Familial aggregation of speech and language disorders was examined as a basis of subgrouping children with phonologic disorders. Fifty-nine children with phonologic disorders were subgrouped according to whether or not other nuclear family members reported a history of speech/language disorders. Thirty-four subjects (58%) reported at least one other nuclear family member affected and 25 subjects (42%) reported no other nuclear family members affected. Groups were compared on measures of articulation, phonology, language, and oral motor skills to determine if the familial phonologic subgroup presented a unique profile of speech and language deficits. Significant group differences were not observed. However, children with positive nuclear family histories tended to perform more poorly than children without histories on all tasks, although not reaching significance. Although all parents were considered to have achieved normal adult articulation, parents of children with positive family histories also tended to perform more poorly than parents of children with negative histories. Results suggested that poorer oral motor coordination and productive phonology may distinguish individuals with familial phonologic disorders from individuals with phonologic disorders of unknown origin.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Disorders of language and cognition in schizophrenic patients and their effect on communication].

The subjects of this study are disturbances of concept formation in schizophrenics and the influence of that disorder on communication. The verbal coding and recognition of colours of a group of chronic schizophrenics and their normal controls were investigated. In describing the colours, the schizophrenics showed less variability, lower utterance lengths, and shorter reaction times for coding. These symptoms were interpreted as an indication that the schizophrenics don't realize the complexity of the task and differentiate less between the different descriptions (over inclusion). This higher stereotypy contradicts the suggested higher creativity of schizophrenics. No difference was found between the coding of schizophrenics and that of normals in communication with normals. However the schizophrenics showed a deficit of decoding. This was also interpreted as an indication of enlarged concepts within the meaning of the conception of "over inclusion".

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary progressive aphasia. An uncommon masquerader of psychiatric disorders.

Primary progressive aphasia is a recently described, uncommon language disorder with unclear etiological and clinical boundaries. The infrequency and ambiguity of the syndrome may prompt psychiatric consultation. The authors review the pertinent features of one such referral, including a brief literature review of the salient aspects of the differential diagnosis, and note the implications for appropriate treatment.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1991

Acquired epileptiform aphasia in children (Landau-Kleffner syndrome).

The association of a language disorder with epilepsy is frequent in children, but there is usually no causal relationship. In acquired epileptiform aphasia (AEA), the so-called Landau-Kleffner syndrome, there is increasing evidence that the language disorder is directly caused by epileptic discharges in critical language areas and must be viewed as a special kind of epileptic aphasia. This is based on a review of the published cases of AEA over the last 30 years and on the analogies that can be made between AEA and other epileptic syndromes, mainly benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. AEA can start early in development and present as developmental dysphasia. It is only one among other cognitive or behavioral disturbances that can be epileptic manifestations of some particular epileptic syndromes, for example, epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow sleep, which probably has the same pathophysiology as AEA. AEA must be seen, at least in some cases, as a particular form of resistant epilepsy. AEA is an important model because it suggests that isolated cognitive and behavioral disturbances can be epileptic manifestations in children.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

An evaluation of screening measures for cognitive impairment after stroke.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of a screening battery for detecting cognitive impairment after stroke. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Stroke patients were recruited from hospitals in three centres. Patients were screened for cognitive impairment on the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Sheffield Screening Test for Acquired Language Disorders and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and received a further battery of assessments of cognitive function. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated for the three screening measures for overall conclusions regarding cognitive impairment reached from a comprehensive assessment. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves were plotted. CONCLUSION: The Mini-Mental State Examination was not a useful screen for memory problems or overall cognitive impairment after stroke. The Sheffield Screening Test for Acquired Language Disorders was an appropriate screen for language problems. The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices was appropriate as a screen for perceptual problems and visual inattention but not for executive deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A family with fragile-X syndrome.

A family with fragile-X syndrome is reported. One sibling has atypical pervasive developmental disorder and moderate mental retardation. A second sibling has Tourette's syndrome, moderate mental retardation, seizure disorder, and autism. A third sibling has attention deficit disorder, moderate mental retardation, and developmental language disorder, expressive type. The authors believe that this family represents a classic example of the differential outcome of interactions of common biogenetic and environmental influences. We propose that in this family the multipotential outcome is at least influenced by if not caused by a common genetic defect.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1987

Factors associated with the development of psychiatric illness in children with early speech/language problems.

This paper reports on the correlates of psychiatric illness in children with speech and language disorders. Of 600 children selected from a community speech clinic, 50% were found to have diagnosable psychiatric disorders according to DSM-III criteria. These "psychiatrically ill" children were compared to the "psychiatrically well" children in the sample on a variety of developmental, socioeconomic, medical, and psychosocial factors. Although some differences were found between the well and ill children in other factors, the majority of the differences, and the most highly significant differences, were found in areas of linguistic functioning. It is hypothesized that this finding may be relevant not only to understanding the association between linguistic and psychiatric functioning but also to predicting the outcome and planning treatment for childhood speech and language disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical characteristics of speech-language dysfunctions in thalamic aphasia].

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic symptom cluster and the course of aphasia in 12 patients with single left thalamic lesion verified by CAT scan. The testing of language disorder was performed by standard linguistic tests for aphasia in the acute stage and one month after the insult. Although this clinical syndrome varied greatly it was possible to point out some common characteristics. Spontaneous speech was fluent, easily articulated, grammatically correct, with preserved melodic line. Word finding and understanding were impaired. The impaired comprehension and naming were prominent in all patients with different severity. Repetition skills were intact. During the naming testing patients accomplished better results after semantic help than after phonetic help. Verbal paraphasia errors appeared more frequently (9.78) than neologistic (2.22) and literal paraphasias (1.78). Results of the language fluency tests were worse during semantic categorization tests (5.50) than during animal naming (9.89). On the basis of these facts it was presumed that aphasia in patients with dominant thalamic lesion was the result of lexicosemantic language disorder. It was statistically proved that recovery from aphasia in these cases tended to be significant and rapid.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Assessing children with language tests--which tests to use?

A group of 28 children attending a unit for children with developmental language disorders was assessed on a battery of cognitive and language tests. No relationship was found between verbal IQ and scores on other language measures. However, although correlations between the specialist language tests used were highly significant, the mean age scores obtained on the different tests were found to vary by as much as 2 years. The implications of these findings for clinical and experimental studies of children with language impairments are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Language fMRI abnormalities associated with FOXP2 gene mutation.

Half the members of the KE family suffer from a speech and language disorder caused by a mutation in the FOXP2 gene. We examined functional brain abnormalities associated with this mutation using two fMRI language experiments, one involving covert (silent) verb generation and the other overt (spoken) verb generation and word repetition. The unaffected family members showed a typical left-dominant distribution of activation involving Broca's area in the generation tasks and a more bilateral distribution in the repetition task, whereas the affected members showed a more posterior and more extensively bilateral pattern of activation in all tasks. Consistent with previously reported bilateral morphological abnormalities, the affected members showed significant underactivation relative to the unaffected members in Broca's area and its right homolog, as well as in other cortical language-related regions and in the putamen. Our findings suggest that the FOXP2 gene is critically involved in the development of the neural systems that mediate speech and language.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1998

Note on ambient noise levels in head start speech-language therapy rooms.

Only one speech-language therapy room of ten at preschool Head Start centers met the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) requirements for ambient noise levels in educational settings. Preschoolers with speech-language disorders need ideal circumstances for therapy, which may be achieved through environmental changes or assistive listening devices.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[Language and speech disorders in preschool children and possibilities for rehabilitation--frequent ear-nose-throat findings that may be responsible for language and speech disorders].

Speech disorders in preschool children generally have to be treated by speech therapy with continuing support of the parents. Depending on the severity and cause of the disorder supplementary therapeutic interventions in specialised institutions or individual psychotherapy may be necessary in addition to speech therapy. Careful differential diagnosis before starting any specific therapy is mandatory.

Child↗
PubMed1990

A prospective study of the relationship between specific language impairment, phonological disorders and reading retardation.

Language and literacy skills were assessed in 83 8 1/2-year olds whose language development had been impaired at 4 years of age. Provided that language problems had resolved by age 5 1/2 years, literacy development was normal, but many of the children who still had verbal deficits at 5 1/2 years of age did have reading difficulties and persisting oral language impairments later on. In these children, reading comprehension tended to be poor relative to reading accuracy. Syntactic competence in the preschool period accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in literacy attainments, after allowing for the effects of non-verbal ability. There were only weak links between expressive phonological disorders and later ability to read either meaningful text or non-words.

Articulation Disorders↗