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PubMedDate not supplied

Use of an avirulent Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine.

One-day-old chickens were transported from Australia to Malaysia and vaccinated orotracheally with an uninactivated vaccine prepared from avirulent Australian V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The vaccination regimes were as follows: group A, once, at 2 weeks old; group B, once, at 3 weeks old; group C, twice, at 2 and at 3 weeks old; group D, direct contact with groups A, B, and C; and group E, indirect contact with groups A, B, C, and D. Group F was unvaccinated controls. Challenge was with NDV virulent Ipoh AF 2240-226 strain, administered at 4 weeks old intramuscularly to 10 chickens in each group and orotracheally to 10 chickens in each group. The remaining chickens were challenged by contact with the inoculated chickens. Group mortalities following challenge were: A, 1/77; B, 1/34; C, 0/39; D, 0/45; E, 6/43; and F, 60/60.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Expression and immunization testing of fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus in leaf tissue of transgenic rice].

Transgenic plant is an attractive bioreactor to produce recombinant protein, such as safe and economic vaccine. In present study, a plant expression binary vector pUNDV, containing the 1.7 kb fusion protein gene of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV F) under the control of maize ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter and nos terminator was constructed, in which, the Hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene was used as the selectable marker. The expression cassette was introduced into a japonica rice variety by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and 6 independent transgenic rice lines were regenerated and verified by hygromycin resistance selection. The integration of target gene in transgenic plants was confirmed by PCR analysis. The results from ELISA and Western blot analyses revealed that NDV F could be expressed in the leaf of several transgenic plants. The total salt soluble proteins were extracted from leaf of transgenic plant F5, which contained the highest expressing level of NDV F protein, and used in immunization of BALB/c mice. The specific antibodies could be elicited in mice immunized with NDV F protein expressed in transgenic rice.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Rapid pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus using a single-chain Fv displayed on phage against the C-terminal end of the F2 polypeptide.

Filamentous bacteriophage display technology has been used to generate specific antibody fragments for differentiating virulent and avirulent Newcastle disease virus. A single-chain Fv fragment to the motif (112)RRQ(114), present at the F2 C-terminal end of many virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates, was isolated from a phage display library derived from a rabbit immunized with a peptide conjugate. An ELISA evaluation was carried out to test its ability to differentiate between 11 avirulent and 34 virulent NDV isolates. The antibody fragment reacted with 25/28 virulent viruses with the putative motif (112)RRQ(114). The three exceptions were viruses with an arginine instead of glycine, at position 110 of the fusion protein, just preceding the cleavage site. Five of six virulent isolates, whose predicted motif was different from that usually found in virulent strains, also tested negative. However, the antibody did react with one isolate with the motif (112)KRQ(114). There was no apparent reactivity with any of the avirulent isolates tested. We conclude that this antibody may, in the future, be a useful aid for the pathotyping of NDV isolates.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competition between nonplaquing and plaquing strains of Newcastle disease virus as affected by temperature.

If lentogenic (nonplaquing) strains of Newcastle disease virus were inoculated into a monolayer of chicken embryo fibroblasts before velogenic (plaquing) strains, the plaquing of the latter were inhibited partially or completely. An interval of 22 hours between the two inoculations gave greater inhibition than did 1 hour. In general, lentogenic strains grew better at 37 C (inhibited plaquing more effectively) than at 42 C. Enzootic velogenic strains that produce a neurotropic form of the disease in chickens were inhibited more than were exotic velogenic strains that produce a viscerotropic form. The lentogenic strains differed markedly in ability to interfere with velogenic strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Virulent Newcastle disease in Australia: molecular epidemiological analysis of viruses isolated prior to and during the outbreaks of 1998-2000.

Gene sequence analysis of fusion (F) gene cleavage motifs and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) carboxyl-terminal extension sequences was used to analyse Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) associated with virulent outbreaks of the disease which occurred in New South Wales, Australia in 1998-2000. PCR fragments were amplified directly from diseased tissue or allantoic fluids and sequence analyses used for phylogenetic comparisons between these viruses and Australian reference NDV. F and HN gene sequence comparison showed a strong relationship to sequences derived from endemic Australian NDV rather than those of overseas viruses or wild bird isolates. Prior to notification of the 1998 outbreak, an NDV was isolated from chickens suffering respiratory disease that appeared to be the progenitor virus from which the virulent virus originated. In turn, these viruses are closely related to two previously isolated 'ancestor' viruses that have the same unique HN extension sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of strains of Newcastle disease virus in cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblast].

Comparative investigations were carried out with local velogenic strains (2 viscerotropic--Haskovo and Bregovo, and neurotropic--Rosa and Toutrakan) and 6 standard strains of the Newcastle disease virus, belonging to various pathogenic groups, in tissue cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. The four local strains as well as the velogenic one (The. GB) and the mesogenic standard strains (Komarov, Roakin, and Hertfordshire) were reproduced in such cultures, producing a clear cytopathic effect without preliminary adaptation passages. The two strains studied parallel to the others, that were of velogenic pathogenic type (La Sota and Hitchner B1) did not produce cytopathogenic effect, and the cultural liquids did not poses agglutination activity with regard to chicken erythrocytes. The average infection titers in tissue cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts (TCID50) for the particular strains in an experiment varied in a wide range and proved higher with the velogenic (regardless of the fact that they belonged to the viscero- and neurotropic pathogenic type) that with the mesogenic strains. The TCID50/cm3 titer ratio of the strains with regard to their corresponding infection titers in chick embryos (EID50/cm3) also varied in a wide range, but invariably in favour of EID50. The latter was more strongly expressed for the mesogenic strain than for the velogenic pathotype strain of the Newcastle disease in experimental conditions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

High-level expression of a foreign gene from the most 3'-proximal locus of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus.

A previous report showed that insertion of a foreign gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) between the HN and L genes of the full-length cDNA of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) yielded virus with growth retardation and attenuation. The NDV vector used in that study was pathogenic to chickens; it is therefore not suitable for use as a vaccine vector. In the present study, an avirulent NDV vector was generated and its potential to express CAT protein was evaluated. The CAT gene was under the control of NDV transcriptional start and stop signals and was inserted immediately before the open reading frame of the viral 3'-proximal nucleocapsid protein gene. A recombinant NDV expressing CAT activity at a high level was recovered. The replication and pathogenesis of the CAT-expressing recombinant NDV were not modified significantly. These results indicate the potential utility of an avirulent NDV as a vaccine vector.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Protection of the reproductive tract of young chicks by Newcastle disease virus-induced haemagglutinationinhibition antibodies.

The present study was conducted to assess the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres required to protect the chicken reproductive tract against direct damage caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Precociously induced oviduct and uterus by oestrogen treatment of young chicks were used to assess the damage or protection against the damage by analysis of ciliostasis or histopathological lesions. Unvaccinated day-old female white leghorn chickens were used as the maternally derived antibody (MDA) group. Chickens were vaccinated with either a live lentogenic vaccine on day 14 of age or, along with it, an inactivated vaccine at day 36 of age, to generate birds with a range of primary or secondary response induced HI antibodies. Birds with different HI antibody levels were challenged with virulent NDV. It was found that a HI antibody titre of 128 and above was protective against direct damage of the reproductive tract, while the 32-64 titre range was protective when derived through secondary vaccination only.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Effect of Newcastle disease on serum copper, zinc, cholesterol, and carotenoid values in the chick.

Experimentally induced Newcastle disease virus infection of chicks, with a mortality index of 48%, was accompanied by increased concentrations in serum of copper and cholesterol and decreased concentrations of zinc and total carotenoids. These changes distorted, or were superimposed upon, the rhythmic variability in the normal serum concentrations of each of these moieties. Changing values for copper, zinc, and cholesterol became apparent before any overt signs of disease.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1978

Sex-linked dwarfism and response to two Newcastle disease vaccines.

In a series of battery trials, normal-sized (AG) broiler type and sex-linked dwarf chicks (D2) were vaccinated with a double dose of Roakin or LaSota strain Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine, or were challenged with the Gilbert-Boney ND virus. The AG chicks developed higher hemagglutination inhibition titers but suffered more mortality than the D2 chicks following administration of Roakin strain vaccine. Similar percentages of mortality occurred in AG x AG, AG x D2 and D2 x D2 male chicks challenged with the Gilbert-Boney ND virus. Results indicate that the dwarf strain and the AG x D2 cross strain chicks are no more susceptible to ND than the AG strain.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Recombinant haemagglutinin neuraminidase antigen-based single serum dilution ELISA for rapid serological profiling of Newcastle disease virus.

A recombinant haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) antigen-based single serum dilution enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure the specific antibody in sera of chickens against Newcastle disease virus. A linear relationship was found between the predicted antibody titres at a single working dilution of 1:1000 and the corresponding observed serum titres as determined by the standard serial dilution method. Regression analysis was used to determine a standard curve from which an equation was derived that allowed the demonstration of this correlation. The equation was then used to convert the corrected absorbance readings of the single working dilution directly into the predicted ELISA antibody titres. The assay proved to be sensitive, specific and accurate as compared to the standard haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Detection of Newcastle disease virus using a SYBR Green I real time polymerase chain reaction.

A two-step SYBR Green I real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR, real time PCR) for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed. A melting curve analysis was performed to distinguish specific from non-specific products and primer dimers. Regardless of different virus pathotypes the melting temperature (Tm) ranged from 86 degrees C to 87 degrees C. The sensitivity of the real time PCR was compared with the reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, RT-nested PCR ELISA). Whereas the detection limit of the real time PCR was 10 pg DNA, the RT-nested PCR ELISA and conventional PCR could only detect up to 1 ng and 10 ng DNA, respectively. Thus the real time PCR offers a sensitive, rapid and convenient method for screening large number of NDV specimens.

Animals↗