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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Formation of novel nucleosides from free base and sugar phosphate: aqueous reaction of 2-aminopyrimidine and ribose-5-phosphate.

The facile formation of glycosylamines suggests that a base liberated by depurination might react at the free C1 position of the sugar phosphate from which it had been hydrolyzed, effectively repurinating the site. Model experiments testing this hypothesis demonstrate that such a reaction does take place. The primary product of a reaction between 2-aminopyrimidine (a model for guanine) and ribose-5-phosphate is characterized by enzymatic and chemical degradation, and UV spectra. It is shown to be a novel nucleoside with the base attached via its exocyclic amino group to the C1 of the ribose-5-phosphate.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1984

Regulation of glucose metabolism in rat adrenal gland in alloxan-diabetes: the possible role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.

The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is markedly decreased in the rat V.renal gland in diabetes, falling to 23% of the control value. There is parallel decrease in the flux of 14C-labelled glucose through the glycolytic route and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Only minimal changes in hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1.), a 22% decrease in Type I hexokinase of the soluble fraction, were observed, highlighting the probable significant involvement of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of glycolysis in the adrenal. In contrast, there was evidence for a marked rise in the flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway, which may be linked to enhanced corticoid synthesis in the diabetic state.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1984

Regulation of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism in rat heart in alloxan diabetes: changes in the pentose phosphate pathway.

The flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway, important in relation to the provision of ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide and RNA synthesis, was decreased by 70% in the diabetic rat heart in parallel with a similar decreased flux through the glycolytic route. A common factor linking the decreased flux through these alternative routes is the known fall in cardiac hexokinase; in these experiments there is a 50% decrease in Type II hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1.) in both soluble and particulate fractions. The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a regulator of phosphofructokinase activity, is decreased by 20% in the alloxan diabetic rat heart, this may be a significant additional factor in the marked decrease in the flux of glucose through the glycolytic route in the myocardium in diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Biosynthesis of riboflavin. Enzymatic formation of the xylene moiety from [14C]ribulose 5-phosphate.

We have studied the enzymatic formation of the xylene ring of riboflavin using cell extracts from the flavinogenic yeast Candida guilliermondii. 5-Amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione or its 5'-phosphate could serve as substrates. In addition, a pentose phosphate or pentulose phosphate was required. Experiments with [14C]ribulose 5-phosphate gave evidence for the incorporation of the ribulose carbon atoms except C-4 into the xylene ring of the vitamin.

Candida↗
PubMed1986

The effect of arabinose 1,5-bisphosphate on rat hepatic 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

The alpha- and beta-anomers of arabinose 1,5-bisphosphate and ribose 1,5-bisphosphate were tested as effectors of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Both anomers of arabinose 1,5-bisphosphate activated the kinase and inhibited the bisphosphatase. The alpha-anomer was the more effective kinase activator while the beta-anomer was the more potent inhibitor of the bisphosphatase. Inhibition of the bisphosphatase by both anomers was competitive, and both potentiated allosteric inhibition by AMP. beta-Arabinose 1,5-bisphosphate was also more effective in decreasing fructose 2,6-bisphosphate binding to the enzyme. Neither anomer of ribose 1,5-bisphosphate affected 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase or fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, indicating that the configuration of the C-2 (C-3 in Fru 2,6-P2) hydroxyl group is important for biological activity. These results are also consistent with arabinose 1,5-bisphosphate binding to the active site and thereby enhancing the interaction of AMP with the allosteric site.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1987

Photoreductive path of carbon fixation in green plant photosynthesis. Reaction pathway of six-carbon ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation adduct intermediate.

In this paper we examine the six-carbon intermediate pathway of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation reaction in photosynthesis. Based on the observed reactions of purified RuBP carboxylase, mechanisms are described for carbon dioxide assimilation leading to the hydrolytic splitting of the six-carbon intermediate to two enzyme-bound glycerate-3-P (3-PGA) molecules. It is concluded that, under photosynthetic conditions, the reduction of enzyme-bound NADP+ by the chlorophyll is responsible for the rapid carboxylase turnover rate given by the lifetime, tau L = 0.4 s, which is nearly two orders of magnitude shorter than the corresponding value, tau D = 11 +/- 3 s, for the dark decay of enzyme-bound RuBP. The nocturnal inhibition and photoactivation of RuBP carboxylation are described in terms of the reversible light-dark cycles of the NADP+/NADPH redox couple and endogenous changes that accompany the 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate binding to the enzyme active site.

Carbon↗