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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Nourishment, physical exercise and their factors among young persons].

The purpose of the study is to describe the needs of health education of the young. It covers 40 comprehensive schools. It was found in the study that the greatest part of milk fats consumed at home consists of butter and low-fat milk. The products consumed by the girls contained less fat and more polyunsaturated fats than the products consumed by the boys. Food at school contained more fat and saturated fats than food at home. 6% of the boys and 11% of the girls reached the recommended level of the consumption of vegetables (not including potato), berries and fruits. Strong correlations were found between parent's and children's diet. About 2/3 of young people had practised physical exercise 3-5 times per week.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiovascular and respiratory reflex responses due to stimulation of muscle nerve receptors and experimental physical exercise].

The cardiovascular and respiratory reflex effects brought on by the infection into the femoral artery of bradyquinine and of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions and by rhythmic muscular work and muscular work of tetanic type induced by low and high frequency electrostimulation in the muscles have been investigated in the rear extremity anaesthetized rabbits. Intra-arterial injection of bradyquinine and rhythmic muscular contractions trigger off cardiovascular reflux effects of inhibitory type represented by a reduction in arterial pressure, heart frequency and vascular resistances of the rear extremity controlateral to the one stimulated. Intra-arterial injection of hypertonic NaCl and tetanic contractions cause opposite effects, namely of decidedly excitatory type. Such responses are not substantially altered by complete removal of the skin layer of the stimulated extremity. The neuromuscular block obtained with curare-like substances does not affect chemical stimulation responses, whereas it eliminates similar effects caused by experimental muscular work. The experiments carried out show that injection into the muscular arteries of chemical agents of various type produces varying cardiovascular reflex effects as a result of activation of chemosensitive nervous receptors located in the muscular tissue, and also that during physical exercise similar reflex modifications are produced, very probably caused by stimulation of receptors present in the contracting muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Regulation of fat metabolism in the liver: link to non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and impact of physical exercise.

Hepatic steatosis may develop as a consequence of several dysfunctions. An increased circulating non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) pool seems to be a major determinant in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Increased activation of the transcription factor sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c, which promotes fatty acid synthesis, also contributes to hepatic fat accumulation. Increased hepatic fat oxidation with hepatic steatosis may be triggered by increased hepatic fat concentrations through the action of hepatic peroxisomes mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Finally, inhibition in very low density lipoprotein secretion may also result in hepatic steatosis. This appears to be mainly controlled by the esterification of NEFAs into triacylglycerols by diacyglycerol acyltransferase-1 and -2 and the microsomal transfer protein. Physical exercise would interfere with the development of hepatic steatosis by stimulating lipid oxidation and inhibiting lipid synthesis in liver through the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.

Exercise↗
PubMed1998

Fracture prevention in elderly women: treatment of osteoporosis is one approach, together with physical exercise and fall prevention.

(1) Osteoporosis is one of several recognized causes of bone weakness in elderly women, and accounts for the high incidence of fractures. Hip fracture carries the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. (2) Bone density measurement in a given woman is not predictive of her individual risk of fracture. None of the recommendations we examined propose routine screening for osteoporosis by bone density measurement in all postmenopausal women. (3) Women at risk should be identified, so that they can benefit from detection and prevention. Detection is mainly based on clinical evidence. (4) Whatever the age and period of life, prevention of osteoporotic fractures in women is based on adequate supply of calcium (at least 1 g/day, mainly in the diet) and vitamin D, and on regular physical exercise and fall prevention. (5) Oestrogen therapy is the first-line drug-based prevention of osteoporotic fractures, despite worries about possible carcinogenicity. (6) Routine hormone replacement therapy for all women, starting at menopause, is not recommended. The decision should be made individually. (7) Before starting treatment, patients should be informed of the need for long-term compliance. (8) Consensus statements recommend hormone replacement therapy as secondary prevention for women having already had osteoporotic fractures, and as primary prevention for women at risk.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Physical exercises in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis at risk of brace treatment -- SOSORT consensus paper 2005.

BACKGROUND: Based on a recognized need for research to examine the premise that nonsurgical approaches can be used effectively to treat signs and symptoms of scoliosis, a scientific society on scoliosis orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment (SOSORT) was established in Barcelona in 2004. SOSORT has a primary goal of implementing multidisciplinary research to develop quantitative, objective data to address the role of conservative therapies in the treatment of scoliosis. This international working group of clinicians and scientists specializing in treatment of scoliosis met in Milan, Italy in January 2005. METHODS: As a baseline for developing a consensus for language and goals for proposed multicenter clinical studies, we developed questionnaires to examine current beliefs, before and after the meeting, regarding (1) the aims of physical exercises; (2) standards of treatment; and (3) the impact of such treatment performed by specialists in the field. RESULTS: The responses to the questionnaires show that, in principle, specialists in scoliosis physiotherapy do not disagree and that several features can be regarded, currently, as standard features in the rehabilitation of scoliosis patients. These features include autocorrection in 3D, training in ADL, stabilizing the corrected posture, and patient education.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Increased blood fibrinolytic activity after physical exercise: comparative study in individuals with different sporting activities and in patients after myocardial infarction taking part in a rehabilitation sports program.

The activation of fibrinolysis during bicycle ergometry was studied in two pairs of age-matched groups. Group A: 18 healthy male competitive athletes (23 +/- 3.5 years of age, mean +/- SD), Group B: 18 healthy male volunteers (25.7 +/- 2.7) not engaged in any sports, Group C: 17 healthy male volunteers (50.6 +/- 7.7) regularly practicing sports, and Group D: 18 male survivors from myocardial infarction (MI-patients, 54.2 +/- 7.9) who took part in a rehabilitation sports program. Before ergometry, healthy participants with regular sporting activities showed significantly lower plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor capacities (PAI cap) than the members of the respective age-matched control groups: Group A 13.9 +/- 2.6 AU/ml, Group B 18.5 +/- 5.5, p less than 0.005; Group C 15.2 +/- 2.9, Group D 20.7 +/- 5.5, p less than 0.05. During ergometry the release of tPA antigen did not differ significantly between the age-matched groups, however, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activities after ergometry were higher in groups presenting lower pre-test PAI cap values. Group A 5.5 +/- 6.4 AU/ml, Group B 1.1 +/- 2.9 AU/ml, p less than 0.05; Group C 2.9 +/- 3.3, Group D 0.2 +/- 0.7, p less than 0.05. Levels of the fibrin split product (D-dimer) did not change in any of the groups. This investigation indicates that (1) regular vigorous sporting activities enhance blood fibrinolysis by reducing blood PAI cap in healthy individuals, (2) rehabilitation sport is not capable of reducing blood PAI cap in MI-patients to values measured in age matched healthy individuals regularly practicing sports and (3) the activation of fibrinolysis during physical exercise has no systemic fibrinolytic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Regular physical exercise corrects endothelial dysfunction and improves exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of systemic exercise training on endothelium-mediated arteriolar vasodilation of the lower limb and its relation to exercise capacity in chronic heart failure (CHF). Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of CHF, contributing to increased peripheral vasoconstriction and impaired exercise capacity. Local handgrip exercise has previously been shown to enhance endothelium-dependent vasodilation in conduit and resistance vessels in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty patients were prospectively randomized to a training group (n=10, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 24+/-4%) or a control group (n=10, LVEF 23+/-3%). At baseline and after 6 months, peak flow velocity was measured in the left femoral artery using a Doppler wire; vessel diameter was determined by quantitative angiography. Peripheral blood flow was calculated from average peak velocity (APV) and arterial cross-sectional area. After exercise training, nitroglycerin-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation remained unaltered (271% versus 281%, P=NS). Peripheral blood flow improved significantly in response to 90 microg/min acetylcholine by 203% (from 152+/-79 to 461+/-104 mL/min, P<0.05 versus control group) and the inhibiting effect of L-NMMA increased by 174% (from -46+/-25 to -126+/-19 mL/min, P<0.05 versus control group). Peak oxygen uptake increased by 26% (P<0.01 versus control group). The increase in peak oxygen uptake was correlated with the endothelium-dependent change in peripheral blood flow (r=0.64, P<0. 005). CONCLUSIONS: Regular physical exercise improves both basal endothelial nitric oxide (NO) formation and agonist-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the skeletal muscle vasculature in patients with CHF. The correction of endothelium dysfunction is associated with a significant increase in exercise capacity.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2001

[Physical exercise in the aged].

In the future, physical activities should be more frequent in the elderly population, because of free time and better quality of life. Muscular exercise is very useful; muscular strength and effort ability are preserved in conditioned aged people. It reduces loss of muscle mass, so called sarcopenia; it improves deconditioning and quality of life. In healthy elderly, exercise improves postural status, bone mass and broken risk, cognitive function. However, the impact on falls and immunosenescence is not well known. In ill elderly, quality of life seems better in cardiac and Alzheimer disease, if a control physical activity is performed. Exercise should be adapted and rehabilitation should be done every time it's possible. Social contact and relationships also have good effects, which must be encouraged.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1992

[Physical exercise therapy in diabetes mellitus--the role of clinical laboratory examinations].

Physical training has been generally recommended for patients with diabetes mellitus as a basic therapeutic tool. In the present study the metabolic and endocrinological effects during the training program were examined in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Moreover the significance of continuous blood lactate monitoring and that of the determination of plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) during exercise loading in diabetics was also studied. (1) The glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) during euglycemic insulin clamp was higher in athletes than in patients with NIDDM and control subjects. (2) MCR increased significantly in the training group after the eight weeks program and a significant relationship between the changes of MCR and those of HbAIc observed. Moreover a decrease in the triglyceride level and increase in the HDL cholesterol level in plasma were significantly related with the improvement of MCR. (3) A continuous blood lactate monitoring system was newly developed. This system was simple and showed good reproducibility. The anaerobic threshold (AT) determined using this system corresponded to that obtained by respiratory gas analysis. It was useful for the determination of the exercise intensity without overloading in patients with diabetes mellitus. (4) The increase of plasma ANP during exercise loading was higher in diabetics than healthy controls, and a significant relationship was found between the increment of ANP during exercise and the diastolic function judged from the echocardiogram in diabetics. In conclusion clinical laboratory examinations and medical checkups are important in the practice of physical exercise therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Predictive value of lipid profile for salutary coronary angiographic changes in patients on a low-fat diet and physical exercise program.

In this study, 113 patients with modestly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<210 mg/dl) and coronary artery disease were randomized to an intervention group (n=56) or a control group (n=57). The intervention program consisted of daily exercise and a low-fat diet according to the American Heart Association's recommendation phase III; patients in the control group received "usual care" rendered by their private physician. After 1 year, complete data were available for all 92 patients (intervention: n=40; control: n=52) who underwent repeat coronary angiography. During the study course, patients in the intervention group showed an increase in apolipoprotein A-I(123 +/- 18 vs 129 +/- 20 mg/dl; p < 0.02) and apolipoprotein A-I/B (1.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.5 +/- 0.4; p <0.01) and a decrease in apolipoprotein B (99 +/- 20 vs 89 +/- 18 mg/dl; p < 0.01), while apolipoprotein A-II remained unchanged (38 +/- 6 vs 38 +/- 6 mg/dl; p=NS). In the control group, there were no significant changes (apolipoprotein A-I, 124 +/- 17 vs 128 +/- 13 mg/dl; apolipoprotein A-II, 38 +/- 6 vs 39 +/- 6 mg/dl; apolipoprotein B, 100 +/- 21 vs 99 +/- 16 mg/dl; apolipoprotein A-I/B, 1.3 +/- 0.3 vs 1.4 +/- 0.5; all p=NS). As previously reported, there was a significant retardation of progression in patients in the intervention group (progression 23%, no change 45%, regression 32%) compared with the control group (progression 48%, no change 35%, regression 17%) (p < 0.05). Although retardation of progression was significantly associated with an increase in apolipoprotein A-I/B and a decrease in apolipoprotein B (p < 0.05), these gave way in multivariate analysis to changes in total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, absolute levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and, in a subgroup of patients, to leisure-time physical activity (all p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that an intervention based on a low-fat diet and intensive physical exercise is capable of improving apolipoprotein levels, associated with retardation of progression of coronary artery disease. However, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol appear superior to apolipoproteins as metabolic markers for effective treatment in patients with coronary artery disease.

Adult↗