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PubMed1989

Perinatal mortality in rural Tanzania.

Prolonged labour was the most frequent cause of perinatal death in a rural hospital in the south western highlands of Tanzania. After the introduction of an obstetric policy aiming to prevent prolonged labour by making use of the guidelines of the partogram, perinatal mortality was reduced from 71 to 39 per 1000 births. Baird's clinico-pathological classification is still considered a useful instrument for the discovery of avoidable factors in perinatal deaths. The concept of the partogram should be an integral part of the training of medical auxiliaries in the field of maternal and child health (MCH).

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canada's response to refugees.

"This paper traces types and numbers of refugees to Canada since World War II. As policy and practices have evolved considerably in that period a brief review of key developments precedes the discussion of Canada's response to the current refugee situation."

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Successes and failures in the field of population policies since 1984.

During the 2nd half of the 20th century, there has been a marked growth in awareness of the problems associated with population growth. The compromise consensus reached at Bucharest and reaffirmed at Mexico City set limited goals against which progress can be partially measured. Acceptance of the need to formulate population goals and policies grew, especially in the less developed countries. Progress was made in reducing mortality, but the goals set by the international community were not fully met. Results in the area of fertility were markedly heterogenous between regions. Rather more was accomplished in restraining the rapid growth of the urban agglomerations, and in some countries there is greater freedom of internal migration, although coercive resettlement policies are still found in a few countries. For policies to succeed, it is essential to reach a national consensus on population issues. Research and debate on population issues in international forums such as the conferences at Bucharest and Mexico City can contribute to the attainment of a national consensus.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Changing population rates, policies and attitudes in Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.

This paper explores the relationship between population growth rates, government policies, and social attitudes in 3 regions: Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. The comparative success of family planning programs in certain countries of South Asia (most notably India and Sri Lanka) can be partly ascribed to their long tradition of government leadership. In addition, families in those countries have strong incentives to educate their children. On the other hand, in North Africa and the Middle East, high levels of urbanization have had antinatalist effects, which are offset by very low levels of girls' schooling and of female employment outside the home. In Sub-Saharan Africa, high fertility is sustained by the structure of the family, with its tendency to separate reproductive decision-making from responsibility for child-rearing. In addition, governments there have had a comparatively weaker tradition in areas such as family behavior.

Africa↗