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Results for “Root Resorption”

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PubMed1990

Avulsed human teeth replanted within 15 minutes--a long-term clinical follow-up study.

Twenty-one avulsed human permanent teeth replanted within 15 min after trauma were followed radiographically for an average of 5 years. Seven teeth did not show any root resorption during the observation period. In 8 teeth shallow resorption cavities were observed, but no signs of progression were observed with increased observation time. In 6 teeth some progressive root resorption was observed with increased observation time. The depth of root resorption cavities was assessed using a radiographic index, and the rate of root resorption was defined as the index change over time. The rate of root resorption was determined. It was concluded that teeth replanted within 15 min after the avulsion have a favourable long-term prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Development of clinical and radiographic signs associated with dark discolored primary incisors following traumatic injuries: a prospective controlled study.

The purpose was to evaluate late complications of asymptomatic traumatized primary incisors with dark coronal discoloration. The clinical and radiographic signs of 97 teeth of the study group were recorded along a follow-up period that ranged between 12 and 75 months (mean >36 months). Children's age at time of injury ranged between 18 and 72 months (mean 40). The control group consisted of 102 non-discolored maxillary primary central incisors in 51 children older than 54 months with no history of dental trauma. In 50 teeth (52%) the color faded or became yellowish and in 47 (48%) it remained dark. Clinical signs of infection, that were diagnosed 5-58 months after the injury, were associated significantly more with dark than yellowish hues (83 and 17%, respectively). Teeth that had changed their color to become yellow presented more PCO than teeth with black/gray/brown coronal discoloration (78 and 6%, respectively). Arrest of dentine apposition was found in 15 teeth, one had yellow coronal discoloration and the remaining 14 had a dark shade. Eleven teeth showed inflammatory root resorption all with dark discoloration. Two atypical types of root resorption were observed: a surface resorption restricted to the lateral aspects of the apical half of the root while the root length remained unchanged and in the other expansion of the follicle of the permanent successor was observed. Expansion of the dental follicle was observed in 72% of all teeth with no significant difference between the various types of coronal discoloration but only half of the cases were associated with resorption of the root of the primary incisor. The various pathologic findings observed in the study group were either absent or rarely seen in the control group. It can be concluded that more than 50% of the primary incisors that retain their dark coronal discoloration acquired after dental injuries remain clinically asymptomatic till the eruption of the permanent successor even if they present accelerated root resorption. Asymptomatic traumatized primary incisors that retain their dark coronal discoloration may develop a sinus tract and inflammatory root resorption years after the injury. There is still a dilemma: which treatment is better for dark discolored primary incisors: early endodontic treatment or follow-up with the risk of development of infection and root resorption that may require extraction?

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1992

Prognosis of luxated non-vital maxillary incisors treated with calcium hydroxide and filled with gutta-percha. A retrospective clinical study.

A material of 885 luxated, non-vital incisors was evaluated radiographically with respect to healing of periodontal tissues including inflammatory root resorption and occurrence of ankylosis and cervical root fractures. The results were assessed after completion of calcium hydroxide treatment and 4 years after filling of the root canal with gutta-percha. After treatment with calcium hydroxide, periapical healing occurred in 95% of the teeth. Four years after filling with gutta-percha, periapical healing was present in 91% of the teeth. In the remaining teeth, recurrent or persistent periapical radiolucency was more frequent in overfilled than adequately filled teeth (P = 0.0001). There was no difference between immature and mature teeth. Inflammatory root resorption healed in 192 of 197 teeth (97%); in 5 teeth it developed into ankylosis. Ankylosis occurred in 13 teeth, all of which were intruded into the alveolar bone at the time of injury. The frequency of cervical root fractures was markedly higher in immature than mature teeth (P greater than 0.0001). Among immature teeth, the frequency of fractures was dependent on the stage of root development (chi 2 = 31.6) and ranged from 77% in teeth with the least to 28% in teeth with the most developed roots. The frequency of fractures was also related to the defects after healing of inflammatory root resorption in the cervical area of the root, significant at P less than 0.0001.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

PubMed2004

[Expression of cathepsin K and IL-6 mRNA in root-resorbing tissue during tooth movement in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and the localization of Cathepsin K and IL-6 mRNA in root-resorbing tissue and to elucidate the molecular changes and mechanism of root resorption induced by tooth movement. METHODS: Rats were subject to experimental tooth movement to induce root resorption. In situ hybridization was performed to identify the cells in root-resorbing tissue that produced Cathepsin K or IL-6 the difference of CK mRNA or IL-6 mRNA expression between root resorption group and control group was calculated by t-test. RESULTS: Cathepsin K mRNA was highly and selectively expressed in multinuclear odontoclast and IL-6 mRNA expressed in fibroblast, osteoblast, osteocyte and cementoblast. The expression of Cathepsin K mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in root-resorbing tissue increased evidently compared with the normal periodontium. CONCLUSIONS: Odontoclast in the root-resorbing tissue expresses Cathepsin K mRNA that participates in proteolysis during root resorption. IL-6 plays a very important role in the root resorption as a multifunctional cytokine.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Experimental tooth movement through mature and immature bone regenerates after distraction osteogenesis in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of tooth movement on tooth roots and periodontal tissues when teeth were moved into mature, well-organized, and mineralized regenerate bone created after distraction osteogenesis compared with immature, fibrous, and less-mineralized bone. Six 15-month-old male beagles underwent 10 mm of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis. After 2-week (group 1) and 12-week (group 2) consolidation periods, third premolars were moved distally into the regenerate bone with 100 g of orthodontic force for 12 weeks. Simultaneously, second premolars were also moved distally as controls. After completion of tooth movement, the experimental animals were killed, and their tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. When premolars in groups 1 and 2 were compared, group 1 showed higher rates of tooth movement until the eighth week of experimental tooth movement (P <.05). The amount of tooth movement was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 or in the control teeth (P <.05). In group 1, we observed considerable root resorption extending into the dentin, and the thickness of the dentin became approximately half that of the controls at the compression side adjacent to the distraction gap. This root resorption extended from the cementoenamel junction to the root apex. In group 2, root resorption on the compression side reached the dentin, but the root resorption was less than in group 1. These results indicated that heavy force and early orthodontic tooth movement are not recommended when teeth are moved through regenerated bone created by distraction osteogenesis, to avoid tipping and severe root resorption.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1993

Detection of collagenase mRNA in odontoclasts of bovine root-resorbing tissue by in situ hybridization.

The odontoclast, which is morphologically similar to osteoclast, is thought to play a major role in root resorption of deciduous teeth. High collagenolytic activity has been detected in the root resorbing tissue. In order to identify collagenase-producing cells and the role of collagenase in root resorption of deciduous tooth, in situ hybridization of collagenase mRNA in bovine root-resorbing tissue sections was performed using a digoxigenin-labeled, nonradioactive RNA probe. Collagenase mRNA expression was clearly observed in odontoclasts in addition to the macrophages, fibroblasts, odontoblasts, and cementoblasts. Multinuclear odontoclasts showed intense tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. We also examined interleukin-1 (IL-1) mRNA expression in the root-resorbing tissue by in situ hybridization. IL-1 transcripts were found to be expressed in odontoclasts, fibroblasts, and macrophages suggesting that IL-1 might be an important factor for promoting root resorption. These results suggest that the collagenase produced by odontoclasts may play a key role in dentin collagen degradation in root resorption.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed2003

Perceived long-term prognosis of teeth with orthodontically resorbed roots.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the perceived significance of root resorption in the dental community. STUDY DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Mail out survey questionnaire accompanied by morphed images of 10-50% root resorption. General practitioners, periodontists, prosthodontists and orthodontists were the participants. OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlations between 'significant' and 'detrimental to the longevity of the tooth'. These assessments were conducted within specialty groups and among. Also measured was the source of knowledge upon which practitioner assessments were based. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: General practitioners were the most concerned about root resorption. Although most practitioners feel 50% root resorption is significant and detrimental to the longevity of the tooth, extraction followed by prosthetic replacement was not an option. No agreement among practitioners when orthodontic treatment should be terminated; the general practitioners were conservative suggesting termination after 35% root loss. History of trauma, genetic disposition and root morphology are the most cited predisposing factors. Lengthy treatment time concerns general practitioners more than the orthodontists. With the exception of orthodontists, dentists believe excessive force is detrimental to the root, but no one is able to define what excessive force is. Overall, dental school curricula overstate the causes of root resorption. Generally, dental professionals seem to base their opinions on myths and are largely inconsistent in their assessments.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1998

Local dexamethasone improves periodontal healing of replanted dogs' teeth.

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate histologically the effect of dexamethasone on root resorption in stored and replanted dogs' teeth. Twenty-nine roots from three beagle dogs were endodontically treated to prevent subsequent inflammatory root resorption of pulpal origin. The teeth were extracted and randomly assigned to three groups for 48-h storage. Group 1: control group teeth (n = 13) were stored in vials containing ViaSpan only; Group 2: topical treatment teeth (n = 10) were stored in vials containing ViaSpan and dexamethasone (16 micrograms/ml); and Group 3: systemic treatment teeth (n = 6) were stored in vials containing ViaSpan without any additives. Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly (0.5 mg/kg body weight) 2 days prior to, on the day of, and every other day after extraction and replantation for two administrations. After 12 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed, and the teeth histologically prepared and evaluated according to the analysis of Andreasen. Significant differences were found for complete healing (P = 0.0583) and inflammatory root resorption (P = 0.0568) but not for replacement resorption (P = 0.1952). In addition, comparing local to systemic administration of dexamethasone (Group 2 vs. Group 3), statistically significant differences were found for healing, 85% (Group 2) vs. 67% (Group 3) (P = 0.0125) and inflammatory root resorption, 13% (Group 2) vs. 28% (Group 3) (P = 0.0126). This study indicated that topical use of dexamethasone enhances healing and results in fewer resorption complications.

Adenosine↗

PubMed2002

Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995-2000).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of root canal treatment in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 127 tooth roots in 64 dogs. PROCEDURE: Radiographs obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, and during follow-up examinations after surgery were evaluated by 2 individuals. Treatment was considered successful if the periodontal ligament space was normal and possible preoperative root resorption, if present, had ceased. Treatment was considered to show no evidence of failure if possible preoperative root resorption had ceased but a preexisting periapical lesion had remained the same or only decreased in size and not complete resolved. Treatment was considered to have failed if a periapical lesion or root resorption developed subsequent to endodontic treatment, if a preexisting periapical lesion had increased in size, or if possible preoperative root resorption appeared to continue after endodontic treatment. RESULTS: Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean, 13 months). Treatment was classified as successful for 87 (69%) roots, as showing no evidence of failure for 33 (26%) roots, and as having failed for 7 (6%) roots. The success rate was lower for canine teeth than for maxillary fourth premolar teeth. Roots with a preexisting periapical lucency or preexisting root resorption had lower success rates. The use of intracanal medication and the method and quality of obturation were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that root canal treatment offers a viable option for salvage of periodontally sound but endodontically diseased teeth in dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Effect of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats that initially weighed 250 +/- 20 g were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 experimental and 2 control (nonappliance and appliance) groups. The experimental groups received 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 microg/kg misoprostol by gastric lavage every 24 hours for 2 weeks. A fixed orthodontic appliance consisting of a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring, 5.0 mm long was ligated between the maxillary right incisor and the maxillary right first molar. The initial activating force was 60 g. For analysis of root resorption, 99 maxillary right and left first molars from 61 animals were chosen. Serial histologic sections of the mesial root of the maxillary first molars were made, and histologic analysis of root resorption on the mesial and distal surfaces was performed. The results showed that oral misoprostol did increase the amount of orthodontic tooth movement in all the experimental groups compared with the appliance control group. This increase was statistically significant in doses of 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 microg/kg (P <.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences among these 4 different doses. There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of root resorption among the groups. However, a trend toward more root resorption was registered. On the basis of these findings, oral misoprostol can be used to enhance orthodontic tooth movement with minimal root resorption.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Histomorphometric and biochemical study of osteoclasts at orthodontic compression sites in the rat during indomethacin inhibition.

Prostaglandins affect the number of osteoclasts at compression sites in orthodontic tooth movement. They may also have a role in tooth movement and influence the extent of root resorption. The purpose was to examine the effect of indomethacin on the activity of resident osteoclasts, recruitment of new osteoclasts and root resorption at orthodontic compression sites. Two separate populations of osteoclasts were studied: those resident at the sites after initial appliance activation and those recruited by a subsequent activation. Orthodontic appliances were activated to provide mesially directed forces of 40 g on the maxillary molars of rats. The appliances were activated with the same force after 4 days. The rats were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 10 days after initial activation. Half of the rats were injected with indomethacin. Tooth movement was measured cephalometrically; osteoclast numbers, sizes, numbers of nuclei per osteoclast and root resorption were assessed histomorphometrically; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in alveolar bone was measured biochemically. Indomethacin inhibited both initial tooth displacement and that following the delay. It also reduced the increase in osteoclast numbers, total osteoclast surface and alveolar bone TRAP at day 10. It had no effect on the surface area of each individual osteoclast or number of nuclei in each osteoclast. Root resorption increased in both groups but it was enhanced at day 10 in the indomethacin group. These data suggest that orthodontic tooth movement after appliance activation requires the recruitment of osteoclasts to sites of compression and that this is indomethacin-sensitive. Furthermore, indomethacin enhances root resorption at compression sites 10 days after appliance reactivation.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed2005

Replantation of permanent incisors in children using Emdogain.

The aim of this study was to determine whether application of an enamel matrix protein derivative, Emdogain (Biora AB Malmo, Sweden) to the root surface of avulsed permanent incisors would improve postreplantation outcomes in a pediatric population. Between June 1999 and May 2002, 25 avulsed permanent maxillary incisors (22 centrals and three laterals) were treated with Emdogain and followed for up to 32 months, mean duration 20.6 months (range: 6.9-32.5 months). Mean patient age at the time of treatment was 12.0 years (range: 7.7-17.6 years) and mean extra-alveolar duration was 185 min (range: 100-300 min). At the end of their follow-up each of the replanted incisors demonstrated radiographic evidence of replacement root resorption and clinical evidence of ankylosis. None of the replanted teeth were affected by inflammatory root resorption and there was no evidence of infection. When compared with the control samples from Barrett and Kenny (Endod Dent Traumatol 1997;15:269-72.) and Andersson et al. (Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:38-47.) this sample treated with the Emdogain protocol demonstrated significantly less root resorption than either of the control samples (anova, P < 0.0001). Although the Emdogain protocol did not produce periodontal regeneration, it did eliminate inflammatory resorption and infection and led to significantly less root resorption compared with the two historical controls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Tubular permeability to calcium hydroxide and to bleaching agents.

Recent reports of clinical cases suggest that cervical root resorption may follow bleaching of endodontically treated teeth. Inflammatory root resorption may be arrested by placement of calcium hydroxide into the root canal. The dentinal tubules are assumed to be a possible route of action for both agents. pH Values of the medium surrounding the tooth after placement of bleaching agents and calcium hydroxide within the root canals were determined in this study. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were divided into three equal groups. The pulp cavity of the experimental teeth was filled with either bleaching agents or calcium hydroxide. In the control group it was left empty. Dipping in paraffin sealed the access cavity and the apical foramina and isolated the teeth except at the cervical root surface. The teeth were placed in vials containing distilled water and the pH of the medium was measured after 1 h, 3 days, and 7 days following renewal of the medium. The level of the pH in the first group increased, indicating that the bleaching agents leaked from the root canal to the medium surrounding the teeth. The pH in other two groups did not change noticeably. The results suggest that bleaching agents may leak from the root canal toward the periodontal tissues but calcium hydroxide does not alkalinize the medium surrounding the teeth. Leakage of the bleaching agents through dentin may, therefore, be considered as a possible etiological factor that initiates an inflammatory process around the teeth that may be followed by cervical root resorption.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

PubMed1996

Effect of non-erupted 3rd molars on distal roots and supporting structures of approximal teeth. A radiographic survey of 202 cases.

Root resorption of 2nd molars in proximity to non-erupted 3rd molars has been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of root resorption in second molars adjacent to non-erupted third molars. Its association to age and gender of the patient, location and inclination of the non-erupted third molar and to distal bone support of the 2nd molars was analyzed. A radiographic survey of 202 periapical radiographs taken in patients with clinically missing third molars was conducted. 3 examiners independently evaluated the radiographs and only those cases where at least 2 observers agreed were included in this report. Statistical analysis was performed on 186 radiographs. Associations were analyzed with the Pearson chi 2 test. Radiographic evidence of root resorption was found in 45 2nd molars (24.2%) of which 12 (6.5%) showed moderate to complete root resorption. Non-erupted tooth apical position and mesio-inclination of 60 degrees or more relative to the distal root of the second molar were significantly associated with root resorption (p = 0.01368 and p = 0.0194, respectively). Resorption was positively associated with age of patient (p = 0.00606). These results may support early extraction of impacted 3rd molars especially in cases with a mesio-angulation of 60 degrees or more and an apical location in proximity to the distal root of the 2nd molar.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Periodontal response to two intracanal medicaments in replanted monkey incisors.

Intracanal medicaments are recommended for use in replanted teeth to inhibit inflammatory root resorption. This study compared the effect of calcium hydroxide (Pulpdent) and a corticosteroid-antibiotic paste (Ledermix) on periodontal healing and root resorption following replantation. Incisors of eight Macaca fascicularis monkeys were extracted, stored dry for 15 min and replanted. After 11 days, root canals in two adjacent maxillary incisors were treated with one medicament and contralateral incisors with the other medicament, or left as untreated controls. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks later and the teeth prepared for histomorphometric evaluation of periodontal ligament inflammation and root resorption. Periodontal ligament inflammation and inflammatory root resorption were markedly inhibited by both calcium hydroxide and corticosteroid-antibiotic relative to untreated controls. Replacement resorption was lowest in the corticosteroid-antibiotic group, and significantly (P<0.05) more normal periodontal ligament was present in this group (79.6%) than in calcium hydroxide and control groups (64.6% and 62.7%, respectively). Treatment with the corticosteroid-antibiotic inhibited inflammatory resorption and was slightly more effective than calcium hydroxide in producing a periodontal healing response.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Apical resorption in pre-surgical orthodontics].

Apical root resorption is a frequent phenomenon observed in pre-surgical orthodontic; the reason is double: we deal with adult patients and we often move the teeth in the opposite direction compared to the position obtained in previous inefficacious orthodontic treatments. Notwithstanding the amount of apical root resorption we couldn't record an hyper-mobility of the teeth and a long term evaluation of occlusal stability didn't show any significant change.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Morphometric and microscopic evaluation of the effect of solution of acetazolamide as an intracanal therapeutic agent in late reimplanted rat teeth.

The use of substances that inhibit root resorption may be an alternative for cases of unsuccessful reimplants. Hence, the purpose of this study was to test a solution of acetazolamide, a resorption inhibitor, as an intracanal therapeutic agent for late reimplanted teeth. Thirty rat maxillary right central incisors were avulsed and kept dry for 30 min. The teeth were instrumented, and the root surfaces treated with 1% hypochlorite solution followed by application of 2% sodium fluoride. Thereafter, the teeth were divided into two groups according to the intracanal dressing: Group I, solution of acetazolamide and Group II, calcium hydroxide paste. Teeth were then reimplanted in their respective sockets. The animals were killed at 15, 30, and 60 days after reimplantation and the samples processed for morphometric and microscopic analysis. The results showed that calcium hydroxide paste limited root resorption, even though not avoiding it. In contrast, no root resorption was observed after 60 days in the acetazolamide group, confirming the efficacy of the substance in inhibiting root resorption.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1994

Clinical and histological evaluation of ligature-induced periodontal breakdown in domestic ferrets immunosuppressed by Cyclosporin-A.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, clinically and histologically, the effect of Cyclosporin-A (CyA) on the progression of the periodontal breakdown in the domestic ferret, using the ligature induced periodontitis model. At the start of the experiment (day 0), silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of experimental teeth. The contralateral teeth served as non-ligated control teeth. Clinical measurements included gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL) and gingival overgrowth (GO) and they were performed on days 0, 14 and 28. Cyclosporin-A, 10 mg/kg/d, was given subcutaneously from day 0 to 21, while in the last week there was a reduction of this dose to 5 mg/kg/d. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 14 and 28. On day 28 the animals were sacrificed. Histological sections were prepared for light microscopy. The histometric measurements performed were: (1) the distance between cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest and (2) loss of connective tissue attachment. The number of sections with root resorption areas was observed. Cell counts were taken in 4 different areas. The results showed, on days 14 and 28, a significant increase of the mean values of PPD and PAL at experimental teeth as compared to the control teeth. GO was present on experimental teeth on days 14 and 28. On day 28, the control teeth presented a very small increase in GO, mainly at the buccal sites of P4 and M1. The histometric results showed a significant loss of attachment and bone resorption in the experimental teeth. Root resorption was found in experimental teeth only. The predominant inflammatory cell in the 4 experimental areas was polymorphonuclears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alveolar Bone Loss↗