Paradoxes of immunity and immunosuppression in Salmonella infection.
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PR-39 is a multifunctional neutrophil peptide involved in host defense and inflammation. To investigate the involvement of PR-39 in a Salmonella choleraesuis infection, a PR-39 enzyme immunoassay was developed. The concentrations of PR-39 in serum were 13.6 +/- 1.9 ng/ml before challenge and increased (P < 0.01) threefold by 10 to 14 days postinfection. Peripheral blood neutrophil counts paralleled the changes in the concentrations of PR-39 in serum, both returned to basal values by 4 weeks postinfection. These findings suggest that the concentrations of serum PR-39 reflect the involvement of this antibacterial peptide in the host's response to an S. choleraesuis infection.
Two siblings became very ill after BCG inoculation in the newborn period. A generalized BCG infection was assumed from the clinical symptomatology and the histological findings. Later on the boy suffered from enteric salmonellosis and osteomyelitis caused by the same organism, and as a todler he had intestinal pseudotuberculosis. Prompt recovery took place under selective antibiotic therapy. No known immunodeficiency disease could be correlated with this familial syndrome of increased susceptibility to intracellular vital microbes. A defective function of the patients macrophage system is suspected.
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The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid in Singapore from 1976 to 1979 is reviewed. Common Vi-phage types were A, B1, B2, D1, D2 and E1. Most of the paratyphoid cases were imported but an outbreak of paratyphoid A started in 1979 for the first time in Singapore with a predominance of untypable phage type strains. Most of the strains of Salmonella typi and Salmonella paratyphi A & B were susceptible to antibiotics, except for 4 strains of S typhi isolated from imported cases. Infections caused by Salmonella typhimurium were most common in children under five. The strains were initially multiple-resistant to antibiotics, but gradually became more susceptible with decline in the number of cases. Among the salmonella serotypes isolated from clinical materials, Salmonella oranienburg showed multiple-resistance to antibiotics and started an outbreak among children in October 1978. A total of 55 serotypes other than salmonella typhimurium was isolated between 1976 and 1979, with most of them susceptible to the antibiotics except triple-sulpha.
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