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PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of naproxen after oral administration of two tablet formulations in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of two naproxen tablet formulations were compared after oral administration. The 250-mg naproxen tablets, tablet I from AFI, Oslo, Norway, and tablet II Naprosyn, Astra-Syntex, were taken by 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized two-period crossover study. Plasma levels of naproxen were measured by a sensitive and specific HPLC method. The data were analyzed by means of two-way analysis of variance to test for significant differences between tablet formulation and differences between the first and second trial periods. Rapid absorption, with most Cmax values from 50-60 micrograms/ml reached within 1.5-3 h, was found for both tablet formulations. No significant difference was found in the rate and extent of absorption between the two formulations: the relative bioavailability of tablet I compared to tablet II was 1.05 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- SD). The naproxen concentration 2 h after ingestion and the Cmax were higher on the second occasion, regardless of preparation, suggesting that the subjects were clinically different on the two occasions.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1981

The construction and uses of factorial designs in the preparation of solid dosage forms. Part 1: Effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets.

The construction and application of a fractional factorial design of the type N = 2(5-2) for the preparation of effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets by a new technique was demonstrated. This method involved direct compression of the tablet ingredients, dipping the tablets in a volatile mixed solvent system and subsequent removal of the solvent. With the help of a derived regression equation, the factors considered most likely to have a beneficial effect on tablet hardness were: the compression force, the percent of acetylsalicylic acid content/tablet, the particle size of tablet ingredients and the solvent ratio. The time of dipping was found to have an insignificant effect on tablet hardness. By following the path of the steepest ascent, effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets of remarkable hardness, friability and dissolution time were obtained. The optimum conditions for preparing these tablets were determined.

Aspirin↗

PubMed1981

Effects of packaging and storage on the dissolution of model prednisone tablets.

The effects of packaging and storage in multiple-unit and unit-dose containers on dissolution rate of model prednisone tablets are reported. USP Prednisone Dissolution Calibrator Tablets were packaged in three multiple-unit and five unit-dose containers. Packaged tablets were stored for three to six months under three conditions: 40 degrees C and 85% relative humidity (R.H.), 37 degrees C and 75% R.H., and 22 degrees C and 75% R.H. Dissolution rate was measured at pre-determined intervals during storage. For each condition tested, two separate runs of six tablets each were performed. Tablets in the least moisture-permeable containers were least affected by storage. The conditions of high heat and humidity caused the greatest change in dissolution rate. When stored at 22 degrees C and 75% R.H., little change in dissolution rate occurred in any packaged tablets. It is concluded that packaging and storage conditions affect tablet dissolution characteristics markedly. The practice of labeling repackaged tablets with the expiration date of the original container is shown to be invalid.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1993

[Analgesics; the use of aspirin in dogs; effects of tablet type and food intake on plasma salicylate level].

Administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the dog may cause gastric mucosal damage. Enteric-coated tablets protect the canine stomach during oral aspirin medication. A therapeutic plasma salicylate concentration can be attained using enteric-coated aspirin tablets at a dosage of 25 mg/kg TID. In a series 4 of experiments using adult beagle and large mixed breed dogs and two types enteric-coated tablets, the influence of food intake on the plasma salicylate concentration was studied. Tablets were administered with 8h intervals and food intake was either once daily or three time daily with 8h intervals. Plasma salicylate concentrations were also studied during fasting. It is concluded that, when using enteric-coated tablets, the plasma salicylate concentration in the dog after oral medication is strongly influenced by the aspirin dosage, the tablet type and the feeding pattern. Large enteric-coated tablets may accumulate in the stomach over several days and are not suitable for use in the dog. The gastric accumulation is caused by the enteric-coating of the large tablets and not by the aspirin medication.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Formulation of aspirin-magaldrate double-layer tablets: in vitro evaluation and cytoprotective activity in rats.

Double layer 325 mg oral aspirin tablets buffered with magaldrate antacid, 100, 150, 175 and 200 mg (F1, F2, F3 and F4, respectively) were prepared by direct compression. The new formulae were of remarkable hardness and friability. The tablets complied with the requirements of the acid neutralizing capacity, uniformity of dosage units, disintegration and dissolution tests (USP XXIII) for buffered aspirin tablets. The in vitro release pattern of F1 and F1 followed first order kinetics (r = 0.999), while F3 and F4 were released according to a zero order model (r = 0.993). Formulations F2, F3 and F4 as well as the marketed preparations, pure Aspro tablets (Acetylsalicylic acid 320 mg per tablet), or Ascriptin tablets (aspirin 325 mg plus 150 mg Maalox per tablet) were administered to fasted rats by gavage at doses that provided 400 mg aspirin kg-1 and the extent of the induced gastric damage was quantified 6 h later. Ascriptin, F3 and F4 preparations produced significantly less gastric damage (p < 0.05, n = 6) when compared with pure Aspro tablets. There was a clear dose-dependent decrease in the gastric damage following treatment with F2, F3 and F4 preparations, but there was no significant difference between the effects of F3 and F4 which were equipotent with Ascriptin.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗

PubMed1997

Evaluation of the effect of 3 different diets on the bioavailability of 2 sustained release theophylline matrix tablets.

Food-induced changes on bioavailability of 2 sustained release theophylline matrix tablets, which uses an hydrophilic matrix of Carbopol 974P and lipid matrix of hydrogenated castor oil (Cutina HR) as sustaining agents, have been studied in 2 different groups of 12 healthy male volunteers. The study design was a 4 x 4 Latin square involving 12 subjects who received a single dose of the tablet while fasting or with a standarized normal, high fat or high fat/high protein meal. The results for both formulations showed no differences in t1/2 and MRT when the tablets were administered with any type of diet. No differences in tmax and AUC were found when the Carbopol matrix tablet was administered with any class of diet. Higher Cmax were obtained when the tablet was administered with any class of meal. The analysis of the ratio Cmax/AUC evidenced that changes in Cmax for normal and high fat diet were attributable to higher rate of absorption, probably due to a delay in gastric emptying, thus avoiding the rapid formation of the gel structure which controls the liberation of theophylline. Three subjects showed a probable bioadhesive behavior of the formulation in the fasted condition. The lipid matrix tablet showed a statistical significant delay in tmax comparing the fasted condition with the different diets. AUC, Cmax, and the ratio Cmax/AUC did not change when the tablet was administered with the normal diet. High fat and high fat/high protein diets produced higher AUC (31% and 40%, respectively) and Cmax (40% and 56%, respectively) than under fasting condition. The analysis of the ratio Cmax/AUC indicated that changes in Cmax were more probably due to changes in the amount absorbed. In conclusion, a sustained-release theophylline tablet formulated as a lipid matrix is affected by any meal with a high fat content, probably because of the increase of pancreatic and biliary secretions promoted by the meal that would affect the matrix itself. Normal diet showed this behavior but only as a nonsignificant trend. It seems appropiate to recommend to dose both formulations at least 2 hours before meal, or under consistent conditions of fasting or nonfasting state to assure reproducible absorption or clinical response.

Area Under Curve↗

PubMed1976

A comparison of the bioavailability of digoxin in capsule, tablet, and solution taken orally with intravenous digoxin.

Six healthy volunteers were given five single-dose treatments of 0.40 mg digoxin either intravenously, in liquid form, in conventional tablet form (dissolution rate 76 per cent in 1-hour), or in new capsule preparations containing 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg digoxin per capsule. Serum levels, area under the concentration-time curve, and daily urinary digoxin excretion were measured for six days. Higher serum digoxin levels were seen after ingestion of the capsules than after the tablets, with peak levels for the former being 2.2-2.8 times higher than after tablet digoxin. Bioavailability was assessed further by comparing the area under a six-hour concentration-time curve, and again the capsules gave a consistently higher value than the tablets. In addition, the absorption of 0.40 mg digoxin from any of the capsule preparations was much greater than 0.50 mg digoxin in commercially available tablets. The six-day cumulative urinary digoxin excretion was also greater for the capsules than for the 0.20-mg tablets. In comparison with intravenous digoxin, tablets provide 75 per cent maximum bioavailability, whereas the capsule preparations of digoxin improve the bioavailability of digoxin and the 0.20-mg digoxin capsule is absorbed better than 0.25-mg digoxin tablet.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Interaction of omeprazole with enteric-coated salicylate tablets.

OBJECTIVE: Enteric-coated tablets are designed to resist gastric fluids and to disrupt and dissolve in the alkaline medium of the small intestine. Main objective of the present study was to investigate whether the increase in gastric pH due to omeprazole treatment alters the release rate of a drug from enteric-coated formulation. To this end, we have compared the single dose pharmacokinetics of a single-unit enteric-coated salicylate to that of uncoated acetylsalicylic acid tablets in the presence and absence of omeprazole treatment. METHODS: Study was carried out according to 4 x 4 Latin square design. Eight healthy subjects received either uncoated acetylsalicylic acid tablets or single-unit enteric-coated sodium salicylate tablets alone or following 4 days of treatment with single-dose 20 mg omeprazole, and blood samples were collected for 24 hours. Serum salicylate levels were determined by the modified spectrophotometric method of Brodie et al. [1994]. RESULTS: Salicylate was absorbed rapidly from uncoated tablets but absorption of salicylate from enteric-coated tablets was delayed, as expected. According to our results, omeprazole treatment did not influence the bioavailability from uncoated acetylsalicylic acid tablets but the absorption rate of salicylate from enteric-coated tablets was increased significantly. CONCLUSION: Findings of the present study demonstrate that omeprazole treatment significantly increases the rate of absorption of single-unit enteric-coated medication. Enhanced rate of absorption is most probably due to an early disruption of enteric coating and the intragastric release of the drug secondary to an omeprazole-mediated increase in gastric pH. The results of the present study also corroborate previous findings which have demonstrated highly variable absorption of enteric-coated single units.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Tablet residues in gastrointestinal contents? A polarization microscopy screening method for rapid evaluation at the autopsy table].

When tablet residues are found in the gastrointestinal tract during autopsy, this does not only indicate the possible presence of intoxication, but may also provide indications with the regard to the kind of intoxication (e.g. suicide) if the amount of tablets is considered. If tablets have already dissolved and thus large portions can no longer be detected with the naked eye, a definitive appraisal with regard to the presence of tablet residues is often difficult or even impossible on the autopsy table. A polarization microscopic screening method is described which enables identification of characteristic tablet auxiliary substances (maize starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, microcristalline cellulose or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) to be identified immediately and simply in the gastrointestinal contents. It also enables a rapid orientative screening for tablet residues in glasses found or the fluid these contained as well as in aspirated material and vomit. If the active agent of the tablet can be detected by chemical toxicology, the polarization microscopic diagnosis of abundant tablet auxiliary substances is compatible with intake of large amounts of drugs, which makes self-administration highly probable.

Drug Overdose↗

PubMed2005

Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and opioid effects of liquid versus tablet buprenorphine.

AIMS: Two tablet formulations of buprenorphine (a buprenorphine mono-product, Subutex, and a buprenorphine/naloxone combination product, Suboxone) are available for use in the treatment of opioid addiction; however, the bulk of the clinical studies supporting its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were conducted with a sublingual liquid preparation. To assist the clinician in interpreting the relevant literature in establishing dosing parameters for prescription of tablet buprenorphine, this study was designed to compare the steady state: (1) pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, and (2) physiological, subjective and objective opiate effects of two 8 mg buprenorphine tablets (16 mg) to those of 1 ml (8 mg/ml) buprenorphine solution based upon early reports suggesting that the bioavailability of the tablet was approximately 50% of that of the liquid. DESIGN: Randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. SETTING: Inpatient hospitalization for 21 days. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four male and females in general good health and meeting DSM-IV criteria for opiate dependence. INTERVENTION: Subjects received one of the two buprenorphine formulations in the first 10-day period, and the other for the second 10-day period with no washout. MEASUREMENTS: Pharmacokinetic analyses, opiate effects and adverse events. FINDINGS: Drug steady state was reached by Day 7 of each 10-day period, area under the curve for 16 mg (two 8 mg) tablets was higher than the solution. The only non-kinetic statistically significant difference observed between the formulations was in changes in total opioid agonist score. CONCLUSIONS: The serum concentration achieved by 16 mg of tablet buprenorphine is higher than that of the 8 mg solution, although differences between physiologic, subjective and objective opioid effects were not noted. The relative bioavailability of tablet versus solution is estimated to be 0.71; thus, with respect to dosing parameters for the tablet, clinicians should consider using less than 16 mg to achieve bioequivalence to the 8 mg solution.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Sustained-release tablets of indomethacin-loaded microcapsules: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization.

Indomethacin (IDM) was encapsulated in gelatin-cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) microcapsules (A) by complex coacervation method and in CAP microcapsules (B) by simple coacervation method. Microcapsules A and B, having mean diameters of 38.24 and 35.74 microm, respectively, were used to prepare sustained-release tablets A and B. The activation energy of thermal degradation for tablets A and B was calculated based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to be 258.9 and 284.8 kcal/mol, respectively. In vitro release profiles showed no burst effect and release t(1/2) of the two sustained-release tablets were found to be 41.30+/-1.86 and 33.25+/-2.84 min, respectively, while that of IDM plain tablets C was 6.30+/-0.39 min (P<0.01). In vitro release of IDM from tablets A and B could be described by Higuchi equation and zero-order kinetics, respectively. After per os (po) administration with physiological saline, their irritation to rat stomach was obviously reduced in comparison with tablets C. Pharmacokinetic study in rabbits showed that t(max) was delayed and C(max) lowered compared with tablets C and the values of AUC(0-24 h) of the three tablets were very close.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

The bioavailability of nasogastric versus tablet-form oral trovafloxacin in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Patients in the hospital, as well as those in home care settings, often require nutritional supplementation with enteral feeding solutions. In addition, patients with serious infections who are clinically unstable often cannot maintain adequate intake by mouth and may require an alternative to oral antibiotic administration. However, delivery of crushed oral formulations of drugs via nasogastric tubes is often carried out without adequate bioavailability data, and this method of administration may not always be equivalent to oral drug delivery. METHODS: In an open-label, randomized, four-period, four-treatment, cross-over study, 24 healthy volunteers were given one dose of each of the following treatments, with a 7-day wash-out between dosing periods: Treatment A: two 100-mg trovafloxacin tablets given orally with 240 mL water; Treatment B: two crushed 100-mg trovafloxacin tablets suspended in water and administered through a nasogastric tube into the stomach; Treatment C: two crushed 100-mg trovafloxacin tablets suspended in water and administered through a nasogastric tube into the duodenum; or Treatment D: two crushed 100-mg trovafloxacin tablets suspended in water and given through a nasogastric tube into the stomach concomitantly with an enteral feeding solution (240 mL full-strength Osmolite). RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that the bioavailability of trovafloxacin after administration of crushed tablets into the stomach with or without concomitant enteral feeding was not significantly different from that of the orally administered whole tablets: the 90% confidence limits of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) for Treatment B versus Treatment A (91.3%, 109.5%) and Treatment D versus Treatment A (91.6%, 109.9%) were well within the bioequivalence criteria of 80% to 125%. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant sequence, period, or treatment-by-period interaction effects. Administration of trovafloxacin into the duodenum (Treatment C) resulted in reduced systemic exposure to trovafloxacin, with a 31% decrease in AUC(0-infinity) and a 30% decrease in peak serum concentration (Cmax) compared to oral administration. Time to peak serum concentration (Tmax) was 1.7 hours after oral administration of trovafloxacin and 1.1 hours after administration directly into the stomach or duodenum through a nasogastric tube in the absence of concomitant enteral feeding. All four treatments were well tolerated; no participant discontinued the study due to adverse events and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that administration of crushed trovafloxacin tablets through a nasogastric tube into the stomach, with or without concomitant enteral feeding, achieves absorption and tolerability comparable to those of orally administered trovafloxacin tablets.

Absorption↗

PubMed2003

Effect of geometric structure and surface wettability of glidant on tablet hardness.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of geometric structure and surface wettability of glidant on tablet hardness. Geometric structure is defined, in this work, as three-dimensional structure such as porosity, particle size and specific surface area. A variety of silica was incorporated in direct compressive fillers as glidant and mixed powder was compressed in single punch tablet machine with and without 0.5 wt.% magnesium stearate. Flowability of mixed powder was evaluated with Carr's index measurement. In the case of unlubricated compression, tablet hardness decreased as a function of additional concentration of silica. Reduction rate directly depended on surface coverage of silica over filler surface and hydrophobicity. Since surface coverage is related to geometric structure, it can be concluded that structural influence plays an important role to determine tablet hardness. While, in the case of lubricated compression, either water adsorption amount or geometric structure effects on tablet hardness. Increase of tablet hardness was observed only when hydrophilic porous and small size nonporous silica were added. All the other silica had deleterious effect on tablet hardness and in particular hydrophobicity strongly reduced tablet hardness.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1998

Tolerability and efficacy of naratriptan tablets with long-term treatment (6 months). Naratriptan Long-term Study Group.

This open-label study was conducted to examine the long-term tolerability and efficacy of the novel 5HT1 agonist naratriptan tablets 2.5 mg used to treat all migraine attacks for 6 months. Patients could reduce the dose to 1 mg in the event of intolerable adverse events. The results demonstrate that the majority (median 83%) of attacks treated with naratriptan tablets 2.5 mg were not associated with an adverse event. Among attacks treated with naratriptan tablets 2.5 mg (+ optional 2.5 mg for headache recurrence), the most frequently reported adverse event was nausea (4% of attacks after a single naratriptan dose). Both the overall incidence of adverse events and the incidences of specific adverse events were no higher during months 4-6 of treatment compared with months 1-3. Only 5 of 414 patients elected to reduce their naratriptan dose to 1 mg. Headache relief 4 h postdose was reported in a mean of 68% of 6770 moderate or severe migraine attacks treated with naratriptan tablets 2.5 mg. The median number of naratriptan tablets used per attack was 1.0 (mean 1.25); patients treated only a median 7% of attacks (mean 13%) with a 2nd naratriptan tablet for headache recurrence. Patients rated naratriptan tablets as good or excellent in 61% of 7566 treated attacks. In summary, the data from this study demonstrate that naratriptan tablets 2.5 mg were very well tolerated and effective for the acute treatment of migraine for 6 months in a situation closely resembling actual clinical use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Bioequivalence of a newly developed 17 beta-estradiol tablet versus an identical reference formulation

Two open-label, randomized studies determined the bioequivalence of a test preparation (Prefest) of micronized 17 beta-estradiol (E2, CAS 50-28-2) tablets as compared with a reference preparation of micronized E2 tablets in healthy postmenopausal women. In Study 1, 36 fasting subjects received 4 test preparation 0.5-mg E2 tablets in one period and 4 reference preparation 0.5-mg E2 tablets in the other period. In Study 2, 36 fasting subjects received 1 test preparation 2-mg E2 tablet in one period and 1 reference preparation 2-mg E2 tablet in the other period. Blood samples were collected before and after dosing to determine serum concentrations of E2, estrone, and estrone sulfate. The 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of mean Cmax and AUC values (test preparation/reference preparation) for all three analytes were within the prescribed 80%-125% range of bioequivalence. In conclusion, the test preparation 0.5-mg and 2-mg micronized E2 tablets are bioequivalent to the respective strength reference preparation micronized E2 tablets.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Pharmacokinetics of nortilidine and naloxone after administration of tilidine/naloxone solution or tilidine/naloxone sustained release tablets.

Valoron N is a compound which consists of the prodrug tilidine (CAS 20380-58-9), from which the active metabolite nortilidine is formed by demethylation in the liver, and the opiate antagonist naloxone (CAS 465-65-6), which prevents the abuse of the analgesic by opiate dependents. The pharmacokinetics of nortilidine and naloxone were studied in 18 male healthy subjects after oral application of tilidine/naloxone solution or tilidine/naloxone retard tablets, respectively. The following report gives the results on investigations of a) dose linearity after application of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg Valoron N solution, b) dose equivalence of Valoron N solution (4 x 50 mg tilidine) and Valoron N retard tablets (2 x 100 mg tilidine) under steady state conditions, and c) the equivalence of different dose strengths of Valoron N retard tablets (50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tilidine/tablet). The results obtained in these studies demonstrate a dose linear kinetic for nortilidine after the application of 25 mg to 100 mg tilidine. Furthermore, there is dose equivalence between the tilidine/naloxone solution and tilidine/naloxone retard tablets, which permits the replacing of the solution with the retard tablets. Because of the equivalence of different dose strengths of Valoron N tablets, patients are able to exchange low dosed Valoron N retard tablets for higher-dosed ones (50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg tilidine/tablet), if necessary. With their constant release of tilidine and the possibility for individual dosage, the retard tablets are efficient analgesics that improve pain therapy considerably for patients with chronic pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

The effects of lag-time and dwell-time on the compaction properties of 1:1 paracetamol/microcrystalline cellulose tablets prepared by pre-compression and main compression.

The effects of lag-time and dwell-time on the compaction properties of tablets compressed from a 1:1 blend of paracetamol and microcrystalline cellulose have been examined using a compaction simulator. Increases in lag-times (from 0.06 to 0.53 s) resulted in small increases in the tensile strengths of the tablets when combinations of 80 and 160 MPa were used as the compression pressures. Further increases in lag-time did not alter the tablet strengths. When combinations of 240 and 320 MPa were used for pre-compression and main compression, the effects on the tensile strengths were more complex, partly because the high elastic recoveries of the tablets resulted in greater variability in the data. Increases in lag-times from 0.06 to 0.97 s resulted in an increase of between 12 and 28% in tensile strength. Longer lag-times (1.24 or 1.52 s) did not result in further increases in tensile strength. The application of a dwell-time of 0.26 s during pre-compression or main compression pressures of 80 and 160 MPa generally led to a decrease (14-22%) in tensile strength compared with tablets where no dwell-time was used. This was because of increases in both the elastic recoveries and elastic energies. Subsequent increases in dwell-time from 0.26 to 0.9 s resulted in increases in tablet strength compared with that obtained when no dwell-time was applied. The tensile strengths of tablets made with a pre-compression of 160 MPa then a main compression of 80 MPa were 11-33% higher than those of tablets made with a pre-compression of 80 MPa then a main compression of 160 MPa. This was because higher plastic energies and more plastic deformation occurred at the higher pre-compression. Generally, the application of dwell-time resulted in greater increases in tensile strengths than lag-time, which had less effect on the compaction properties.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed2006

Why do adult women in Vietnam take iron tablets?

BACKGROUND: Conducting iron supplementation programs has been a major strategy to reduce iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. However, only a few countries have reported improvements in the anemia rate at a national level. The strategies used for control of nutrition problems need regular review to maintain and improve their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors in compliance with taking iron tablets, where daily doses of iron (60 mg) and folic acid (400 microg) were distributed in rural Vietnamese communes. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Nghe An province, Vietnam in January, 2003. The study population was adult women aged less than 35 years who delivered babies between August 1st 2001 and December 1st 2002 (n = 205), of which 159 took part in the study. Data for the study were collected from a series of workshops with community leaders, focus group discussions with community members and a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: Improvements in the rate of anemia was not given a high priority as one of the commune's needs, but the participants still made efforts to continue taking iron tablets. Two major factors motivated the participants to continue taking iron tablets; their experience of fewer spells of dizziness (50%), and their concern for the health of their newborn baby (54%). When examining the reasons for taking iron tablets for at least 5-9 months, the most important factor was identified as 'a frequent supply of iron tablets' (OR = 11.93, 95% CI: 4.33-32.85). CONCLUSION: The study found that multiple poor environmental risk factors discouraged women from taking iron tablets continuously. The availability (frequent supply) of iron tablets was the most effective way to help adult women to continue taking iron tablets.

Adolescent↗