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Results for “pathological imaging data”

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PubMed1997

[Cine display of postprocessed 3D MR images of the thoracic aorta].

We have developed a cine display of postprocessed 3D MR images of the thoracic aorta. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of the thoracic aorta in each phase were reconstructed from consecutive 2D-cine MR data sets, and displayed in a cine loop. The postprocessed 3D MR images clearly showed the relationship between major cervical branches and aortic pathologies such as aneurysms, and cine display presented the flow pattern in the aorta. 3D-cine MR angiography seems to be useful for follow-up studies of thoracic aortic diseases especially in patients with renal dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

In vivo morphometry of planum temporale asymmetry in first-episode schizophrenia.

Magnetic resonance imaging is a promising tool for in vivo analysis of the neuropathology underlying schizophrenia. One of the most consistent features emerging from the majority of published studies is the lateralization of pathological findings, and this has led to hypotheses of impaired hemispheric specialization in schizophrenia. In previous work, we have validated morphometry of supratemporal language-related cortex using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed the relation of the so defined planum temporale to functional parameters of hemispheric specialization. In the present study, we examined planum temporale structural asymmetry in first-episode schizophrenics. Asymmetry coefficients obtained in these patients did not differ significantly from those in equally right-handed controls and were not correlated to standard psychopathological measures. These data are contrasted with other studies reporting lateralized brain pathology in schizophrenia with special emphasis on methodological considerations in neuroimaging procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Analysis of cerebral microvascular architecture--application to cortical and subcortical vessels in rat brain.

Cerebral vascular morphology, including vascular diameters, lengths and branch points, was measured using quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging software developed in our laboratory, where data were collected from cortical and subcortical regions of a rat brain. To compare multiple records of the vascular morphological differences between anatomical regions with unpaired data, a simple analysis of variance (ANOVA) model may not be applicable, or may not be valid without considering correlation and unpaired data. In this paper, we formulate a novel outcome to study vascular morphological differences, discuss proper paired test statistics on unpaired data and apply the proposed methods to study the cerebral vascular morphological differences between cortical and sub-cortical regions in rats (N=6). The total vessel surface was analyzed as a composite of diameter, length and branches of vessels. The extended Fisher permutation test provides the paired test on unpaired data, which is equivalent to a permutation test based on the average of multiple sections; however, the permutation test may not be exact. The repeated measure analysis of variance using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) can be used to conduct the paired test on unpaired data as an alternative, when the permutation test is not exact. These new approaches can be applied in the study of treatment effects on changes of vascular morphology under physiological and pathological conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Normal values for left ventricular volumes obtained using gated PET.

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes provides important insights into myocardial function, being particularly important for diseases of the heart in which there is progressive dilatation of the LV, such as remodeling after myocardial infarction. We have recently validated a method for measuring LV volumes using gated positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen-15 labeled carbon monoxide (C15O). The present study was performed to establish normal values for LV volumes, in absolute units, using this technique. METHODS: Forty subjects [21 males and 19 females; age 49 +/- 13 years (mean +/- SD), range 24-80; body surface area (BSA) range 1.50-2.18 m2] were studied. End diastolic (EDV) and end systolic volumes (ESV) were calculated by determining the edge of the end diastolic and end systolic blood pool images (obtained using PET with C15O) and summing the volume of the voxels comprising the blood pool. RESULTS: For the overall study population, EDV was 109 +/- 20 ml and ESV 37 +/- 12 ml. When stratified according to gender, these values were: in males, EDV was 117 +/- 18 ml and ESV 42 +/- 18 ml; in females, EDV was 100 +/- 19 ml and ESV 32 +/- 8 ml. The differences between gender groups (EDV: p = 0.0027, ESV: p = 0.0029) were eliminated when volumes were corrected for BSA. CONCLUSIONS: These data will form a database of normal values for comparison with pathological conditions of the heart. PET quantification of LV volumes offers a means of measurement of function using an imaging modality that can also assess regional myocardial perfusion and metabolism during the same study session.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Psychiatric morbidity in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MRI study.

This study reports the psychiatric morbidity in 116 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of brain pathology was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A group of 48 physically disabled controls suffering from rheumatic or neurological conditions not involving the brain was used for comparison. Normative MRI data were obtained from a group of 40 healthy volunteers. Psychiatric morbidity was significantly higher in the MS group with nearly half of the patients scoring as cases at interview. There was no evidence to suggest that psychiatric symptoms in isolation were the first manifestation of MS in the present material. The presence of psychiatric illness at interview was significantly related to the degree of social stress as perceived by the patient. The severity of MRI abnormalities was greater in those with longer histories and greater physical disability, but did not show a significant relationship with global measures of psychiatric disability. Of the various psychiatric symptoms elation was significantly correlated with the presence of widespread MRI abnormalities, while flattening of affect, delusions and thought disorder correlated with the degree of pathology in the temporo-parietal region.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Virtual endoscopy is a useful device for training and preoperative planning of transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary surgery.

Virtual endoscopy (vE) allows simulated three-dimensional (3-D) visualisation of anatomical structures by computerised reconstruction of radiological images. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of vE and its potential benefits for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. vE was realised using a commercially available ray-casting software plugin of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS). For this study, the vE system was enhanced with volume segmentation, transparency and cutting tools. The data for vE were derived from high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of 22 patients with pituitary pathology (20 pituitary adenomas, 2 Rathke's cleft cysts) preoperatively. Anatomic structures were identified on vE images and compared with the intraoperative endoscopic views. The simulated 3-D vE images were found to be comparable to the intraoperative endoscopic anatomy in terms of distortion and angle of view. vE was found to be particularly useful for the preoperative depiction of 1) the nasal anatomy and its variations for choosing the side of the approach, 2) the sphenoid sinus septae and chambers for improved intraoperative orientation, 3) the transparent 3-D simulated visualisation of the pituitary gland, tumour and adjacent anatomic structures in relation to the sphenoid sinus landmarks for planning the opening of the sellar floor. We conclude that vE harbours the potential to become a valuable tool in endoscopic pituitary surgery for training purposes and preoperative planning. Furthermore, vE may add to the safety of interventions in case of anatomic variations.

Endoscopy↗

PubMed2001

Fetal lung volume: estimation at MR imaging-initial results.

PURPOSE: To plot normal fetal lung volume (FLV) obtained with fast spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images against gestational age; to investigate the correlation between lung growth and fetal presentation, sex, and ultrasonographic (US) biometric measurements; and to investigate its potential application in fetuses with thoracoabdominal malformations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective multicenter study, 336 fetuses suspected of having central nervous system disorders underwent fast spin-echo T2-weighted lung MR imaging. Data obtained at 21-38 weeks gestation in 215 fetuses without thoracoabdominal malformations and with normal US biometric findings were selected for an FLV normative curve. FLV measurements obtained at pathologic examination with an immersion method were compared with MR FLV measurements in 11 fetuses. MR FLV values in 16 fetuses with thoracoabdominal malformations were compared with the normative curve. RESULTS: Normal FLV increased with gestational age as a power curve; the spread of values increased with age. Interobserver correlation was excellent (R(2) = 0.96). FLV measurements at MR imaging were 0.90 times those at pathologic examination. A constant ratio (0.78) between FLV on the left and right sides was observed. No significant difference in FLV was observed between fetal presentations. Normal FLV was observed in all fetuses with cystic adenomatoid malformations and in four of six with oligohydramnios. Lowest FLV values were observed in fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia. CONCLUSION: In fetuses with normal lungs, FLV distribution against gestational age is easily assessed in utero with fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR imaging. These preliminary findings illustrate the potential for comparing FLV measurements in fetuses at risk of lung hypoplasia with normative values.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2000

Virtual endoscopy of the inner ear and the auditory canal.

To assess the role of virtual endoscopy (VE) in the examination of intracisternal structures and of the inner ear, we studied the anatomy of the labyrinth and internal auditory canal using the original CT slices and VE on the unaffected side in three female and three male patients, age range 3-46 years, with contralateral retrocochlear hearing loss. We also examined seven patients with different pathological findings. VE was performed using an advanced postprocessing program with high-resolution 3D data sets of CT (1-1.5 mm thickness, pitch 1.25) and MRI-CISS-3D (constructive interference in steady state) images of the basal cisterns (1.5 T, slice thickness 0.7-1 mm). VE provides an endoscopic-like view from a given point within the basal cisterns of vessels and nerves (on MRI) or of the structures of the inner ear (on CT). The complex anatomy and pathological changes in the inner ear can be faithfully shown. The main advantage is not basic diagnostic information but demonstration of topographically complex situations, such as the canalicular system of the inner ear, for discussion, preoperative planning and teaching.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Is there any evidence that cerebral protection is beneficial? Experimental data.

This article presents the available experimental data from the world literature on the use of cerebral protection devices during carotid artery stenting (CAS). Clinical studies relying on surrogate markers of cerebral embolisation in place of neurological event rate as primary outcome measures are evaluated alongside bench-top and animal studies. These surrogate markers include evaluations of outcomes using procedural transcranial Doppler (TCD) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of brain (DWI). Pathological analyses of debris retrieved from in-vivo analyses of protection devices are also included in this review because although the focus of these studies was primarily clinical, the laboratory data will be preferentially presented and it provides interesting insights. It can be shown that each of the three philosophies of cerebral protection, namely flow arrest (proximal or distal), flow reversal and distal filtration is capable of the entrapment of sizeable debris that would logically threaten devastating stroke if it embolized to the brain. Whilst balloon occlusion significantly reduces the procedural microembolic load (particles less than 60 mm) and flow reversal may be the first means to entirely eliminate it, filters may be associated with increased microembolization. This has been described by some workers as controlled embolization. Certainly, particles smaller than the pore size of currently available filters (60-140 mm) will readily evade capture due to filter periflow and through-flow. There is evidence to suggest that tens of thousands of particles of this size may be released during CAS and there is some evidence that this may be associated with more new white lesions on DWI of brain. The clinical consequences of this controlled embolization however, remain unclear and sophisticated neuropsychometric test batteries may need to be applied at later time points to detect subtle injury that may be compounded by a late inflammatory response around cerebral emboli. Devices relying on placement in the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) for establishment of protection risk intimal damage and the release of microemboli due largely to device deployment and retrieval. Although devices effecting flow arrest and flow reversal will limit all embolization, they do so at the expense of constant procedural cerebral perfusion and may not be tolerated in patients with precarious cerebral reserve capacity, loss of integrity of the Circle of Willis and/or high-grade stenosis of the contralateral ICA. Advances in the concept of cerebral protection will require technical refinements to existing devices, alternative mechanical strategies and/or pharmacological plaque stabilization.

Angioplasty↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Myocardial infarction simultaneous with Buerger disease (obliterating thromboangiitis). A case report].

BACKGROUND: Few cases of Buerger's disease concurring with visceral disorders, i.e., cardiac disease characterized by coronary obstruction have been published. We report the case of a 56 years old patient, with Buerger's disease concurring with ischemic heart disease: extensive anterior myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery, evidenced through coronariography. DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE: Male patient, 56 years old, severe smoker since the age of 15, obese, normal blood pressure, carrier of Buerger's disease for 15 years, without symptoms or signs of rheumatic disorders, and negative immunological tests, with antecedents of an old extensive myocardial infarction secondary to diffuse disease of the left anterior descending artery. At present, with symptoms and signs of ischemic cardiopathy and angiographic images suggesting the presence of thrombi inside the anterior descending coronary artery, of gracile aspect (corkscrew image), severe and diffusely obstructed (80%), and poor distal vascular bed. DISCUSSION: Causal association between Buerger's disease and coronary disease is rare and difficult to demonstrate in the absence of immunological and histopathological tests. Data provided by coronariography do not evidence a common origin for both diseases. However, the angiographic image of the gracile coronary artery, corkscrew-shaped, and with intraluminal thrombi suggests dissemination of the thromboangiitis to the coronary arterial bed. CONCLUSION: The concurrence of Buerger's disease with coronary pathology is rare. Coronary dissemination is difficult to demonstrate with only coronariography data; however, there are data in the medical literature suggesting that coronary obstruction, in these cases, results from the dissemination of the vasculopathy.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

SYDESCO: a laser-video scanner for 3D scoliosis evaluations.

SYDESCO is a new 3D vision system developed for trunk surface topography. This structured light surface scanner uses the principle of triangulation-based range sensing to infer 3D shape. The complete trunk acquisition is fast (2 seconds). The accuracy of the metric data is ensured by a subpixel image detection and a calibration process, which rectifies image deformations. A preliminary study presents results on 50 children in a gymnastics school. These children, aged between eight to sixteen years, are particularly exposed to spinal deformities. An asymmetry index is calculated from the 3D data to detect the pathologic cases. These results have been compared to an independent medical diagnosis. The system results have been confirmed for 72,1% of the patients.

Child↗

PubMed1988

[Current and future application of the microcomputer in cardiology].

The present and forthcoming applications of micro data processing in cardiology are reviewed. Heart signals benefit from the digital approach which reduces distortions and permits mass storage. Electrocardiography and, notably, Holter systems, as well as ultrasonic or radiological cardiac and vascular imaging begin to profit from these remarkable advances. Data banks will in due course be constituted which, among other things, will provide a better knowledge of the incidence of some diseases or pathological associations and of their natural history and course under treatment. Such banks will also form the basis of an objective evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness.

Angiocardiography↗

PubMed2002

[Imaging diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in B mode ultrasonography (BU), computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) so as to increase the pre-operative diagnostic rate. METHODS: The data of forty-six cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis who underwent operation during the period January 1984 to December 2000 were analyzed and compared with the pathological findings of the resected specimens. All of the cases were examined by BU and CT, and 12 of them were examined by MIR. RESULTS: The imaging characteristics of the 46 cases were divided into three types: infiltration (41 cases, 89.1%), calcification (39 cases, 84.8%), and cavity with liqueficaction (37 cases, 80.4%). Nine imaging signs were found to be specific to hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and of diagnostic significance: halo belt sign, calcification sign, annual ring sign, invacuation sign, cavity with liqueficaction sign, grotto sign, peninsula sign, alveolar sign. With these signs, the diagnostic accuracy rate reached 97.7% in this series. CONCLUSION: There are nine imaging diagnostic signs specific to hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. They help detect the location, pathology of this disease and determine operation program. Identification of only one of them is adequate for diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

MR imaging evaluation of postmenopausal adnexal masses: correlation with final pathologic diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: Adoption of transvaginal ultrasound in usual clinical settings allowed us to find asymptomatic adnexal masses more frequently in postmenopausal women. These masses were traditionally considered as the indication of surgical excision to determine histological diagnosis. Recently, if the appearance of that is simple cyst, conservative management may be acceptable because ultrasound benign diagnosis is proved to be reasonably reliable. We investigate here the reliability of benign diagnosis by MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement for both of simple and complex postmenopausal adnexal cystic masses. METHOD: We retrospectively examined the data of 121 postmenopausal patients who underwent surgery during a 3-years-period (from January, 2000 to December 2002) for adnexal mass under diagnosis of benign adnexal cysts based on MR imaging. RESULTS: Pathological examination identified two cases of malignancy among 121 cases diagnosed as benign by MR imaging. Among the cysts that revealed a simple pattern by MR imaging, 64/66 cases (97.0%) were benign histology and among the cysts that showed a complex pattern by MR imaging, 55/55 cases (100%) were benign histology. Among the cysts with diameter less than or equal to 10cm, 48/49 simple cysts and 32/32 complex cysts were benign histology. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of benign adnexal mass in postmenopausal women by MR imaging was reliable. Conservative observation for postmenopausal patients of asymptomatic and small cysts under benign diagnosis based on MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement will be feasible even if the cysts appearances are complex, with careful follow-up program.

Adnexal Diseases↗

PubMed1995

Use of MRI for measuring structures in frozen postmortem brain.

A method was developed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human autopsy brains stored long-term at -70 degrees C. Scanning brains at temperatures between -70 and -8 degrees C gave minimal MRI signals consistent with protons having limited freedom of movement at low temperature. Raising brain temperature improved the signal such that scanning at -1 degree C generated images with good in-plane resolution, grey/white matter contrast, and fine detail of cortical sulcal/gyral patterns. To validate the method, volume and area measurements were made using computerized image analysis on stored digital images of 14 brains from adult subjects of both genders and various ages. The data confirmed that brain volume was inversely correlated with age, and female subjects had smaller brains. This is a valuable new method for acquiring morphometric data from previously unscanned pathologic brains that are to be used for neurochemical and molecular investigations.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Field methodology for lateral cranial radiography of nonhuman primates.

The historical lack of field-based radiographic studies of nonhuman primates within the field of anthropology is likely due to the perceived difficulty of transporting and operating X-ray equipment. Here we present a method for taking lateral cranial radiographs of nonhuman primates in the field that is simple to employ, and that produces exposed films suitable for collection of measurement data useful for growth and development studies, as well as for investigating bone and soft-tissue pathology. Several different X-ray units, film types, and portable power sources were used, all producing suitable images of similar quality, indicating that this methodology is likely not overly sensitive to these important parameters.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Microarray as a model for quantitative visualization chemistry.

For visualization of proteins or nucleic acids, direct and indirect in situ fluorescence and absorption methods (immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry) have existed for many years. The authors describe a new experimental approach using microarray as a model to quantitatively compare both visualization methods. The spots obtained with the microarray robot had a progressive twofold decrease in concentrations and are used as objects with known amounts of DNA. Subsequent hybridization resulted in a direct fluorescence (DF) label or in hapten for indirect fluorescence (IF) and absorption. The results show that the image of the object in the IF method is larger than that in the DF method because of an edge effect, with stronger staining at the circumference. This leads to a higher plateau level and an 8- to 10-fold reduction in the detection threshold for IF compared with DF. These features are especially useful for one-color DNA-related microarray analysis, such as single nucleotide polymorphism, loss of heterozygosity, and mutation analysis, provided that the spots are not designed directly adjacent to each other, so that the edge effect is taken into account. The slope of the linear range for the IF method is much steeper than for the DF method, pointing to a narrow dynamic range in immunohistochemistry. It is noteworthy that the detection limit for absorption images after indirect immunoenzyme visualization is lower than for the DF images. The indirect immunohistochemistry semiquantitative absorption signal was at least similar compared with the DF fluorescence. In conclusion, an explanation for the difficulties experienced in quantitative immunohistochemistry is provided, and the data emphasize that in general, for daily pathology, semiquantitative patterns should suffice. Indirect labeling of DNA has useful characteristics for application in microarray analyses because of the large signal enhancement.

Carbocyanines↗

PubMed2005

Musculoskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology.

Ultrasound (US) has great potential as an outcome in rheumatoid arthritis trials for detecting bone erosions, synovitis, tendon disease, and enthesopathy. It has a number of distinct advantages over magnetic resonance imaging, including good patient tolerability and ability to scan multiple joints in a short period of time. However, there are scarce data regarding its validity, reproducibility, and responsiveness to change, making interpretation and comparison of studies difficult. In particular, there are limited data describing standardized scanning methodology and standardized definitions of US pathologies. This article presents the first report from the OMERACT ultrasound special interest group, which has compared US against the criteria of the OMERACT filter. Also proposed for the first time are consensus US definitions for common pathological lesions seen in patients with inflammatory arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗