PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “statement”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Chemotherapy of tuberculosis in Hong Kong: a consensus statement The Tuberculosis Control Coordinating Committee (Department of Health) and the Tuberculosis Subcommittee of the Coordinating Committee in Internal Medicine (Hospital Authority), Hong Kong.

This consensus statement is prepared primarily as a concise reference for tuberculosis chemotherapy in Hong Kong. Treatment should be tailored to patients individually, expert advice should be sought when necessary, and 'directly observed treatment' should be used where possible. A 6-month regimen is recommended as the initial treatment of uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis and a 9-month regimen is recommended for retreatment. Patients with disease that is resistant to isoniazid or rifampicin may require modified regimens. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis should be managed in specialised centres, using multiple drugs as guided by in vitro susceptibility tests. Recommended regimens to treat extrapulmonary tuberculosis are based on limited current evidence, although shorter regimens may be acceptable when better evidence emerges. A longer duration of treatment is required for diabetic, immuno-compromised, or silicotic patients. During pregnancy, streptomycin should be avoided; the safety profiles of second-line drugs have not yet been ascertained. Hepatotoxic drugs should be used with caution in patients with liver dysfunction, and extra caution and dosage reductions are required if streptomycin and ethambutol are used in patients with renal impairment.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: position statement of the North American Menopause Society.

OBJECTIVE: The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) established a goal to create an evidence-based position statement regarding the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. DESIGN: NAMS followed the general principles established for evidence-based guidelines to create this document. A MEDLINE search was conducted. Clinicians and researchers acknowledged to be experts in the field of osteoporosis were enlisted to review the evidence. The NAMS Board of Trustees reviewed and approved the final document. RESULTS: Osteoporosis, which has its highest rate of occurrence in postmenopausal women, increases the risk for fractures, including hip and spine fractures. These injuries are often associated with particularly high morbidity and mortality. Given the health implications of osteoporotic fractures, the primary goal of osteoporosis therapy is to prevent fractures by slowing or preventing bone loss, maintaining bone strength, and minimizing or eliminating factors that may contribute to falls. The evaluation of postmenopausal women for osteoporosis risk requires the recording of a medical history, a physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Major risk factors for osteoporosis are age, genetics, lifestyle (especially nutrition), and menopausal status. Management focuses first on nonpharmacologic measures, such as a balanced diet including adequate calcium and vitamin D intakes, appropriate exercise, smoking cessation, avoidance of excessive alcohol intake, and fall prevention. If pharmacologic therapy is indicated, FDA-approved options are estrogens (prevention only), bisphosphonates and selective estrogen-receptor modulators (prevention and treatment), and calcitonin (treatment only). CONCLUSIONS: Management of postmenopausal osteoporosis involves identifying the potential risk for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture, followed by measures that focus on reducing modifiable risk factors through lifestyle changes and, if indicated, pharmacologic therapy.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed2001

A model of facilitative communication for the support of general hospital nurses nursing mentally ill people. Part I: background, problem statement and research methodology.

The impressive growth in the extent and range of psychiatric services provided by general hospitals in South Africa creates stress among nurses employed in these settings who are not psychiatric trained. This manifests itself in negative attitudes displayed towards mentally ill people. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process followed in the development of the model of facilitative communication. A theory generative design was used. The research methods were dealt with in four steps of theory generation as set out below. Step 1 entailed concept analysis. This step was dealt with in two phases, namely concept identification and concept definition. During concept identification, a qualitative research strategy that is explorative, descriptive and contextual was used. This was achieved through field research conducted in an urban general hospital. A sample of twelve professional nurses was selected from a population of 800 professional nurses employed in a general hospital using the purposive sampling technique. This sample size was determined by saturation of data in themes. Both semi-structured individual phenomenological interviews and observations were used as methods of data collection. Giorgi's method of descriptive data analysis (1985) was used. Four themes emerged from the results of the study. The main concepts of the model were identified and classified using a survey list of Dickoff et al. (1968). Step 2 dealt with the creation of interrelationship statements between concepts identified in Step 1, while Step 3 dealt with the description of the model using strategies proposed by Chinn and Kramer (1991). In Step 4, the description of guidelines for operationalizing in practice was ensured. To ensure valid results, a model for trustworthiness proposed by Guba (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) was used. The following criteria for trustworthiness were applied in all the steps of theory generation: truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Part 1. Pressure ulcer prevention. Best practice statements.

Although pressure ulcer prevention is an important issue in all areas of health care, a lack of randomised controlled trials has led to the development of clinical guidelines that rely on low-grade evidence. The best practice statement on pressure ulcer prevention consists of five sections: education and audit, risk assessment, skin inspection, positioning, and mattresses, chairs and cushions. It was developed using the best available evidence and the expert opinion of 30 tissue viability nurse specialists.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1979

PSRO impact: are the statements valid?

The generation of PSRO impact statements cannot simply be a "fill in the formula" routine. A health care system is not a simple environment, and narrow approaches to documenting change usually will not suffice. Instead, one would hope that future PSRO impact studies will take into consideration at least the concerns discussed here, as well as many others. As demonstrated in the New Mexico PSRO experiment, PSROs may not be able to demonstrate cost savings given the enormity and fragmentation of the health care environment. Such a conclusion should not result in a declaration of the PSRO program's failure but, instead, should serve to redirect the program's emphasis toward quality assurance, for which even the OPEL study noted impact.

Accounting↗
PubMed2002

Data registers in respiratory medicine: a pilot project evaluating compliance with privacy laws and the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Research Involving Humans.

This article reports on data from a small pilot survey evaluating the compliance of voluntary databases in respiratory medicine with privacy laws and the National Health and Medical Research Council's National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Research Involving Humans. The increasing complexity of privacy law, including the recent private sector amendments, creates many challenges for database administrators. The impact of privacy laws upon voluntary or non-statutory databases, and upon doctors reporting patient data to such databases, is far from straightforward. The article suggests way in which the law might be adapted in order to better facilitate the role of voluntary data registers in health research and public health surveillance, while still protecting the privacy of patient information. The article also briefly considers how database administrators might "future-proof" their existing data holdings to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards.

Australia↗
PubMed1969

IPPF Medical Committee statement.

At the end of its 2-day meeting in London in December 1968, the IPPF Central Medical Committee issued the following press statement, which gives its views about 2 suggested adverse effects of oral contraceptives: Cervical carcinoma in situ: "The International Planned Parenthood Federation Central Medical Committee has reviewed unpublished studies reporting a statistical association between carcinoma in situ of the cervix and the use of oral contraceptives, and has come to the conclusion that the available evidence is insufficient to confirm or exclude a causal relationship. Other studies are in progress in several countries. Where cytological service is available, an annual cervical s mear makes possible the detection of carcinoma in situ at a stage when a complete cure can be effected. Therefore, existing facilities for annual cytological examinations should be used, and where such facilities do not exist they should be established if possible. The Committee, fully cognizant of its responsibilities, recommends that no programme of hormonal contraception should be deferred or interrupted since, at the present time, the Committee is of the opinion that the benefits to health of widespread use of oral contraceptives out-weigh the probable risks." Thromboembolism: "Recently published studies in th e United Kingdom reveal a significant statistical association between the use of oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and possibly cerebral arterial thrombosis. There is no evidence that the risk varies with the duration of use or the type of compound. The excess risk of mortality due to thrombo-embolic disease among women using oral contraceptives in the United Kingdom appears to be of the order of 3 per 100,000 per year. Further studies should be undertaken in other parts of the world before accepting the above rate generally. The risk to life due to thrombo-embolic disease must be weighed against the mortality of pregnancy and childbirth, which ranges from about 20 deaths per 100,000 pregnancies in developed countries to 300 or more in developing countries."

Biology↗
PubMed2002

A consensus statement on health care transitions for young adults with special health care needs.

This policy statement represents a consensus on the critical first steps that the medical profession needs to take to realize the vision of a family-centered, continuous, comprehensive, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally competent health care system that is as developmentally appropriate as it is technically sophisticated. The goal of transition in health care for young adults with special health care needs is to maximize lifelong functioning and potential through the provision of high-quality, developmentally appropriate health care services that continue uninterrupted as the individual moves from adolescence to adulthood. This consensus document has now been approved as policy by the boards of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Evidence- and consensus-based practice guidelines for the therapy of primary myelodysplastic syndromes. A statement from the Italian Society of Hematology.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Novel therapeutic agents and strategies have been introduced into the management of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in the last years. This has led to more treatment options and a better chance of long-term survival for MDS patients, but also to uncertainty regarding the optimal use and possible side effects of these treatments. The Italian Society of Hematology commissioned a project to develop guidelines for the therapy of MDS using evidence-based knowledge and consensus-formation techniques. DESIGN AND METHODS: An Advisory Council (AC) shaped the project around a series of key clinical questions, performed a systematic search for evidence and graded the available evidence according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). A list of clinical questions was mailed to each of 10 senior hematologists composing the Expert Panel (EP): the panelists were asked to rank the most relevant questions, and to formulate answers to the questions according to the tables of evidence. A scenario phase followed, so as to reach a consensus on the three top ranked questions. The EP was asked to score patient profiles as appropriate or not appropriate for the therapeutic strategy under scrutiny, according to the RAND technique. Finally, from September 2001 to January 2002, four Consensus Conferences conducted according to the Nominal Group Technique were held in Milan, Italy. The overall goal of the conferences was to take a final decision upon the appropriateness of the uncertain scenarios and of the uncertain responses to the clinical questions. RESULTS: Evidence was judged sufficient for providing recommendations on the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, leukemia-like chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, low-dose chemotherapy, danazol, immunosuppressive therapy, hypomethylating agents and hematopoietic growth factors. Specific recommendations for supportive therapy, including iron chelation, were issued. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation was unanimously considered as the only curative treatment for MDS patients, and recommendations on its use were agreed based on patient's age, risk, clinical features and donor availability. AML-like chemotherapy was also considered a valuable therapeutic option for subsets of MDS patients. Autologous stem cell transplantation was recommended for patients who lack an HLA identical donor and have achieved complete remission with AML-like chemotherapy. Decitabine, recombinant human erythropoietin and immunosuppressive therapy were judged valuable therapeutic options for subsets of MDS patients whereas low-dose cytarabine was not. Specific therapeutic strategies for those subjects younger than 18 years or older than 75 years and the strategy of watchful waiting were decided by patient-oriented questions. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Using evidence and consensus, recommendations for the treatment of MDS were issued. Statements were graded according to the strength of the supporting evidence and uncertainty was explicitly declared.

Consensus↗
PubMed2003

Statements: what to expect if you are asked to prepare one.

Nurses who are involved in an incident or event that may have repercussions such as a complaint or clinical negligence claim are likely to have to produce a written record. The trust's claims manager may be able to assist staff in this task. This paper describes the different situations in which a statement may be required and provides tips on preparation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding financial statements.

In his premier column for The Physician Executive, David Tarantino takes a look at those critical "financials" that can make or break a business. If you're considering a career move, you need to know the financial condition of future employers. Learn how to read the statements and glean valuable information from the numbers.

Accounting↗
PubMed1959

Cause-of-death statements in Ceylon: a study in levels of diagnostic reporting.

The author presents a critical discussion of the current system of registration of deaths in Ceylon, pointing out the difficulties inherent in collecting and analysing data relating to causes of death in a country where many of the cause-of-death statements are made by lay registars whose knowledge of modern medical terminology is slight or non-existent. He suggests various ways in which the present system might be improved, stressing particularly the need for continuous scrutiny of the Sinhalese or Tamil terms commonly used in reporting causes of death in rural areas and for the preparation of simple instructions to lay registrars regarding a system of priorities to be followed in selecting the symptoms to report as a result of interrogation of the relatives notifying the death.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed2003

Paediatric group position statement on the use of soya protein for infants.

Breast feeding should be strongly encouraged as providing the safest, most nutritionally adequate form of feeding for most infants. Dietitians should discourage the use of soya protein in children with atopy or cow's milk allergy in the first six months of life to avoid sensitisation to soya protein and exposure to phytoestrogens while organ systems remain at their most vulnerable. This would include soy infant formula and soya products such as desserts etc. When a soy-based infant formula is used, parents should be informed of current findings relating to phytoestrogens and health and on the clinical need for soy formula. Any parent choosing to refuse soya for their infant should be supported in their decision. More research into the long-term effects of phytoestrogen exposure in infants is needed and into whether any adverse effects are dose related. This position statement will be updated as further evidence becomes available.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1978

[Prejudices and negative attitudes towards the disabled: critical comments on the controversial statements of R. Zimmermann and H. J. Kagelmann (author's transl)].

In an article published in this journal (pp. 101-106, 1977) I stated that prejudices towards the disabled cannot only be attributed to societal factors and stressed that the world-wide existence of these negative attitudes can be explained by two biological pre-dispositions, i.e., the inclination to a specific reaction towoards outsiders and the fear reaction towards strangers. Zimmermann and Kagelmann criticise this opinion. They are convinced that these negative attitudes are almost exclusively caused by societal conditions. In this article I reply to their viewpoints and demonstrate that it is not contradictory, as my critics say, that we observe, on the one hand, the widespread existence of a specific reaction towards outsiders, and on the other hand, the occurence of social help amongst animals and human beings. These two attitudes are only antagonistic components of social behavior. The problem of the applicability of animal research results to human behaviour is studied. Zimmermann and Kagelmann's statement that ethologists do not want to see the dangers inherent in the theory of inborn dispositions is vigorously repudiated. It is demonstrated that "inborn" does not mean that this behavioural disposition is determined by fate, since genetic pre-dispositions, too, can be influenced by environmental factors such as education.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

An analysis of the agreement between financial data between the Medicare Cost Report and the audited hospital financial statement.

Very few studies have thoroughly examined the discrepancies between the financial information in the Medicare Cost Report (MCR) and that in the audited hospital financial statement (FS). Furthermore, this type of study has never been conducted for rural hospitals. In this policy brief, we present the findings from our study, which used statistical methods to examine the agreement between the MCR and the FS of a series of financial measures in rural hospitals. The results are expected to inform policy makers of the limitation inherent in using MCR data as the single source of data to examine the financial performance of rural hospitals.

Accounting↗
PubMed2004

Toward improved guideline quality: using the COGS statement with GEM.

The Conference on Guideline Standardization (COGS) was convened to create a standardized documentation checklist for clinical practice guidelines in an effort to promote guideline quality and facilitate implementation. The statement was created by a multidisciplinary panel using a rigorous consensus development methodology. The Guideline Elements Model (GEM) provides a standardized approach to representing guideline documents using XML. In this work, we demonstrate the sufficiency of GEM for describing COGS components. Using the mapping between COGS and GEM elements we built an XSLT application to examine a guideline's adherence (or non-adherence) to the COGS checklist. Once a guideline has been marked up according to the GEM hierarchy, its knowledge content can be reused in multiple ways.

Congresses as Topic↗