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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Body image disturbances and their change with videofeedback in anorexia nervosa.

Disturbance in the way the body is experienced is a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa, and impedes recovery. A method relatively free of external prompts, to reduce the potential for experimentally induced biases, evaluated body image distortions (BID) in 18 patients with anorexia nervosa soon after admission to an inpatient unit, and 18 normal controls, before and after a videofeedback session. The BID were assessed in the affective and self/social domains by visual analogue scales in which the instructional set oriented subjects to (a) the sensation of fatness (Affective Response, AR), and (b) size compared with other young women (Comparative Size Response, CSR). The AR and CSR were significantly greater than normal in anorexia but decreased significantly with videofeedback, while values for controls were stable. The AR and CSR were only partially independent, indicating overlap of the domains. In anorexia only, the responses were related to two DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anorexia, fear of gaining weight and health-weight concerns, as well as to drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Fear of gaining weight occupied a central position in determining the magnitudes of BID and the other measures, including anxiety and depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Dieting and body image in the child's world: conceptualization and behavior.

The authors examined children's (N = 431, aged 7 years to 10 years 9 months) understanding of and reasons for dieting, to validate recent research indicating that perceived body-image dissatisfaction and restrictive eating behaviors occur in pre-adolescent populations. Scores on 2 sentence-completion tasks confirmed that the children do have a clear understanding of what dieting means in terms of intent and behavior (defined, in this study, as intentional restrictive eating behaviors). The results indicated that children as young as 7 years of age report dissatisfaction with their current body size and deliberately engage in restrictive eating behaviors. These findings provide validation of previous research and emphasize children's capacity to engage in deleterious health behaviors. Given that extreme dieting behaviors are harmful to a child's physical and psychological well-being, the authors concluded that research exploring (a) the genesis of these attitudes and behaviors and (b) their continuity or discontinuity across childhood is required.

Body Image↗
PubMed1995

Development and validation of a new body-image assessment scale.

This investigation reports the development and validation of a new and improved body-image assessment tool, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, consisting of nine male and nine female contour drawings. The drawings were designed with detailed features, are of precisely graduated sizes, and are easily split at the waist for accurate upper and lower body comparisons. Initial evidence of the scale's reliability and validity supports its use as a measure of body-size perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Body-image disturbances in adolescent female binge-purgers: a brief report of the results of a national survey in the U.S.A.

A sample (N = 114) of adolescent female binge-purgers were among the respondents to a nationwide survey on body-image. Relative to female controls (N = 114) who were matched on age, height and weight, binge-purgers evaluated their physical appearance, fitness and health much less favourably. However, they reported being more appearance-oriented and fitness-oriented than controls. Regardless of actual weight, binge-purgers more often distorted their body size as heavier than did controls, displayed more anxious preoccupation about their weight and weight gain and reported much more frequent eating restraint to lose weight. Binge-purgers also considered themselves to be more poorly psychosocially adjusted, with a reported childhood history of appearance-related conflicts. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the above variables were very accurate in classifying the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Body image, binge eating, and bulimia nervosa in male bodybuilders.

OBJECTIVE: Male bodybuilders (MBB) exhibit more severe body dissatisfaction, bulimic eating behaviour, and negative psychological characteristics, compared with male athletic and nonathletic control subjects, but few studies have directly compared MBB and men with eating disorders. This study compared men with bulimia nervosa (MBN), competitive male bodybuilders (CMBB), and recreational male bodybuilders (RMBB) on a broad range of eating attitudes and behaviours and psychological characteristics to more accurately determine similarities and differences among these groups. METHOD: Anonymous questionnaires, designed to assess eating attitudes, body image, weight and shape preoccupation, prevalence of binge eating, weight loss practices, lifetime rates of eating disorders, anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use, and general psychological factors, were completed by 22 MBN, 27 CMBB, and 25 RMBB. RESULTS: High rates of weight and shape preoccupation, extreme body modification practices, binge eating, and bulimia nervosa (BN) were reported among MBB, especially among those who competed. CMBB reported higher rates of binge eating, BN, and AAS use compared with RMBB, but exhibited less eating-related and general psychopathology compared with MBN. Few psychological differences were found between CMBB and RMBB. CONCLUSIONS: MBB, especially competitors, and MBN appear to share many eating-related features but few general psychological ones. Longitudinal research is needed to determine whether men with a history of disordered eating or BN disproportionately gravitate to competitive bodybuildin and (or) whether competitive bodybuilding fosters disordered eating, BN, and AAS use.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Generality in the errors of estimation of body image.

An aspect of the considerable research on the association between eating disorders and discrepancies in body image estimation is the extent, if at all, that such discrepancies could be due to a more general tendency to show a positive or negative bias in estimation of the size of objects. One hundred female subjects, without known eating disorder, estimated the width of their own bodies (head, shoulders, waist, and hips), of another person's body (waist and hips), of four commercial packages, and of a cylinder. Errors in estimation, computed as algebraic differences from the true value, were computed, and all error means were found to be positive. Correlations between the error scores were all positive. Factor analysis of the correlations between the 11 error scores indicated a substantial general factor plus a bipolar factor, or alternatively two positively correlated factors referring to human body or physical measures. Results were interpreted as supporting the notion of a broad general tendency to enhance or diminish estimations of the width of familiar objects including estimations of the width of own body parts. The relevance of this finding to eating disorders was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Body image dissatisfaction and eating attitudes in visually impaired women.

OBJECTIVE: The high levels of body dissatisfaction and abnormal eating attitudes currently prevalent in Western societies have been attributed by many authors to the promotion of an unrealistically thin ideal for women. We investigated the role of the visual media by examining the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and eating attitudes in visually impaired women. METHOD: Questionnaires were administered to 60 women, 20 congenitally blind, 20 blinded later in life, and 20 sighted. RESULTS: Congenitally blind women had lower body dissatisfaction scores and more positive eating attitudes compared to women blinded later in life and sighted women, the latter having the highest body dissatisfaction scores and the most negative eating attitudes. Scores from sighted women were positively correlated with each other. DISCUSSION: The results suggest the importance of the visual media in promoting unrealistic images of thinness and beauty and are discussed from a sociocultural perspective.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Survey on body image, weight, and diet of college students.

In this study, college students visiting a university health service were categorized according to various anthropometric measurements and completed a questionnaire. Fifty-five per cent of the men were realistic in their self-perception of body size, but 63 per cent of the women perceived themselves to be one category of weight higher than they actually were. Fifty-six per cent of the students sampled (but only 60 per cent of those who were dissatisfied with their body images) said they were modifying their eating practices. The majority of students were realistic in their goals for weight loss, but 46 per cent of the women wanted to be underweight or slightly underweight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Quality of life and body image in the assessment of psychological impact of lipodystrophy: validation of the Italian version of assessment of body change and distress questionnaire.

Lipodystrophy (LD) includes morphologic changes that are distressing to patients with HIV. We tested the validity of an Italian version of the Assessment of Body Change and Distress (ABCD) questionnaire and analysed its relationship to physical and mental aspects of Health-Related Quality of Life. Two hundred and fifty-two patients completed the questionnaires. Construct validity of the ABCD was tested against the MOS-HIV Health Survey, body mass-index (BMI) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Cronbach's alpha for the ABCD total score was 0.94. The ABCD showed the hypothesized moderate correlations to MOS-HIV scales and clinical variables. Preliminary evidence supports the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the ABCD in people with HIV and LD. This questionnaire may be useful to identify people experiencing greater impact of LD, or to evaluate the impact of interventions to treat LD such as plastic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Altered body image: managing social encounters.

For terminally ill people who are still active within the community, altered body image can pose significant problems. Patients may have an obvious change in appearance or function, but be unsure how to present a positive image to others. Moreover, lay supporters are often equally unsure how to react to the changed appearance of the dying person. Changes in physical appearance and function associated with disease processes (and sometimes treatment) need to be integrated into the interaction that occurs between patients and lay carers. This is likely to be a difficult matter to facilitate, taxing the ingenuity of the palliative care nurse who hopes to assist the patient in this regard. This article uses a case study from the community-based palliative care setting to introduce steps that nurses and patients might consider as the patient sets out to manage such social encounters.

Body Image↗