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PubMed1981

On the role of intramural nerves in the pathogenesis of cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion.

Intestinal secretion was produced in anesthetized cats and rats by exposing isolated intestinal segments to cholera enterotoxin. Giving, for example, tetrodotoxin, a nerve-conduction-blocking agent, or adding lidocaine, a local anesthetic agent, to the solution in the intestinal segments markedly inhibited the rate of choleraic secretion, and in most experiments a net absorption of fluid was observed. The results suggest that intramural nervous mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of choleraic secretion.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1977

Celiac axis compression: experience with 20 patients and a critical appraisal of the syndrome.

Twenty patients with celiac axis compression were treated surgically during a 5-year period. Fifteen remain asymptomatic, two are partially improved, two are unimproved, and one has been lost to follow-up. The main presenting symptom was upper abdominal pain--constant in some, intermittent in most--and the main diagnostic clue was a loud, localized systolic bruit in the midepigastrium. All had angiographic confirmation of the diagnosis. Ten had previous surgery (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, vagotomy, and pyloroplasty), without relief. The authenticity of celiac axis compression as a symptom-producing entity is difficult to establish objectively because the main treatable symptom is pain. However, eight of these patients gained weight, three have shown improvement in pancreatic function, and one of the unimproved patients still has an occluded celiac axis. A critical review of the literature of this controversial topic is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tactile receptor reactions during discontinuous and sinusoidal hair oscillations].

"On"--"off" response characteristics of the afferent neurons of the sixth abdominal ganglion of the crayfish are described. They are developed in response to the stepped and sinusoidal oscillations of a receptive hair. A conclusion is made that moments of possible impulse arising in neuron response are defined by the simple input influence. Reaction variability under the action of one and the same stimulus appears due to a change of the impulse arising probability in these moments, but not because of the changes in time moments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanism of the constant representation of the position of a sound signal source by the cricket cercal system neurons].

Previously it has been shown that some abdominal giant neurones of the cricket have constant preffered directions of sound stimulation in relation not to the cerci (the organs bearing sound receptors) but to the insect body (fig. 1) [1]. Now it is found that the independence of directional sensitivity of giant neurones on the cerci position disappears after cutting all structures connecting the cerci to the body (except cercal nerves) (fig 2). Therefore the constancy of directional sensitivity of the giant nerones is provided by proprioceptive signals about cerci position.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Autonomic nervous system and pancreas. (Analysis of the influence of different types of autonomic denervation in glandular regeneration phenomena and the interactions of the exocrine-endocrine-Axis)].

The present tests, in male Wistar rats, center around the trophic and functional changes of the pancreatic gland (R G), both exocrine and endocrine, induced by different types of autonomic nervous interruptions. First Group of Tests: Following one year celiac ganglionectomy (CG), nonpancreatectomized (Non-Pt) rats showed, basally, in blood, a drop of glucose (G), without changes of insulin (I). At autopsy, the CG animals showed an increase of the pancreatic we weight, of the total protein, of the RNA but not DNA. In the Pt. 95% rats, superimposing CG triggered, on the one hand, a drop to control values of the raised G blood levels, and on the other, a rise of I Besides, in feces, a rising of chymotrypsin concentration. At autopsy, in the PG, an increase of total protein and of RNA. Second Group of Tests: CG, after 6 months, induced, in blood, both basally and a 2 h glucose tolerance test, significant opposite enzyme activities changes in respect to C. Indeed, as amylase (A) was increased, that of lipase (L) was depressed. When alcohol feeding (AF) was superimposed to CG rats, a reversal of the L values was observed. The latter reached levels significantly higher those of the C. In in-vitro tests, the isolated islets of CG disclosed to release more I to the bath medium than those of the C animals. Third Group of Tests: Analyzing, in conscious animal, the L excretory changes in the basal bile pancreatic secretion (BB-PS) induced by chronic (2 months interruption of the autonomic nervous innervation of the PG, it was found that CG, truncal vagotomy (V), the association of CG + V, peri-Vaterian duodenotomy (PV-D), but not bilateral splachicectomy (Spl), inhibit, significantly the L output. It was also shown that superimosing AF to the V or CG + V animals reverted to C values the I depressed levels. In acute interruptions (24 h) of the autonomic nervous innervation of the PG: CG, V, P. V-D, the depression in the BBPS is highly significant, more than 40%. From these three sets of experiments it is concluded that: Firstly, CG increases the regenerative and functional capacity of both the exocrine pancreas. This is distinctively evident when the secretory mass is reduced like in the Pt. 95% series of animals. CG probably exerts its effects suppressing the releasing of some negative reins: adrenergic, pepdidergic (galanin). Secondly, CG evokes modifications of the normal Islet-pancreon inter-relationships. The rising of A and the drop of L in blood elicited by this type of autonomic nervous interruption probably reflects an increased release of I by the Langerhans islet. Thirdly, CG, the same as V. CG + V and P.V-D, but not Spl, depress the intrapancreatic cholinergic tone. This might by at the basis of the depression of L excretion in the BB-PS. The reversion to C Through the coupling of chronic alcohol intoxication to the autonomic decentralized PG would be a reflection of an increased sensitivity to ethanol of the intrapancreatic ganglionic neurons. The augmented acetylcholine release at the nerve terminal would lead to a high intrapancreatic cholinergic tone that, in the end, might be at the basis of the reversal changes induced in the autonomic decentralized PG by the chronic ethanol intoxication.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of dopamine on perfusion pressure in rat peripheral blood vessels].

Rat mesenteric and hind limb arteries were perfused with the rat's own blood under constant perfusion rate, in situ. The effect of dopamine (DA) administered intraarterially was investigated and compared with effects of norepinephrine (NE), tyramine (Tyr), and phenylephrine (PHE). The magnitude of the vasoconstrictive maximum response of both vasculatures to NE and PHE was larger than those to DA and Tyr, and those to DA were larger than those to Tyr in hind limb, but those to Tyr were more potent than those to DA in the mesenteric artery. The vasoconstriction evoked by celiac ganglionic stimulation was much the same to that evoked by NE and PHE. Under cocaine infusion, the rise in perfusion pressure of both vasculatures evoked by NE and PHE. Under cocaine infusion, the rise in perfusion pressure of both vasculatures evoked by NE was slight, but the duration was markedly potentiated. However, the effect of Tyr was suppressed and that of DA was not changed. In rats on alpha-methyl-rho-tyrosine, the responses of both vasculatures to Tyr were reduced and those to NE and DA were not changed. In the reserpinized rat, the effect of NE was not changed and that of Tyr was reduced, while that of D was more evident in both vasculatures. After phenoxybenzamine treatment, vasoconstrictive effect of DA was reversed in mesenteric and reduced in hind limb artery. Vasodilating effect of DA after phenoxybenzamine, was not changed by treatment with propranolol, atropine, and diphenhydramine but was reduced with reserpine and abolished with haloperidol. These results suggest that the vasoconstrictive effect of DA depends partly on indirect sympathomimetic action, and after phenoxybenzamine, DA acts by vasodilating the DA receptor. Potentiation with reserpine may depend on a post-synaptic mechanism and increase in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Anatomic features of the coeliac trunk].

The study was performed in 120 specimens using preparation. According to the experimental data, from two to six branches originated from coeliac trunk. Division into three branches was the most often variant (in 60.8%). Division into two arteries was revealed in 5.0% cases. Only in one of 120 specimen six branches branching from coeliac trunk were found. In one of the specimen studied combined branching of coeliac trunk with superior mesenterial artery from coeliac aorta was found.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Considerations about the branching of the Aorta abdominalis in Mesocricetus auratus (author's transl)].

This paper deals with the disposition of the abdominal aorta branching in Mesocricetus auratus, stablishing variation groups with relation to the celiac, cranial, mesenteric, renal, genital and caudal mesenteric arteries. Sixty animals (30 males and 30 females) of different ages and weights, from the Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e Biologicas de Botucatu, were anaesthetized with chloroform, injected with contrasting substance in abdominal aorta (50 animals with Neoprene latex and 10 with radio-opac mass) and dissected through stereoscopic microscope. The animals with radio-opac mass were radiographed in order to compare with other preparations. The results were expressed in relative percentage figures and compared with the human and other mammalian arterial dispositions.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed2003

Clinical analysis of uncinate process carcinoma of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical features of uncinate process carcinoma of the pancreas and the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy. METHOD: Fifty-nine patients with pancreas uncinate process carcinoma treated from January 1998 to September 2002 at our hospital were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Major symptoms of these patients were upper abdominal pain accompanied with lumbar pain, body weight loss and jaundice. Thirty-seven patients received regional pancreaticoduodenectomy (RP), 16 partial resection of the superior mesenteric vein-portal vein (SMV-PV) or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and reconstruction, 1 anhydrous alcohol injection in the celiac nerve plexus, regional chemotherapy via a chemotherapy pump, and liver biopsy, and 5 no operation. The survival of the patients after operation was 2-46 months (median 12.1 months). Eleven patients are still alive with a longest survival of 46 months. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 37.7% and 5.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreas uncinate process carcinoma invading the adjacent SMV/SMA-PV causes difficulty in early diagnosis and poor prognosis, which are related to its location, not tumor's aggressive nature. This carcinoma has a high resection rate of 89.8%.

Aged↗