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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Effects of long-term administration of propyldazine on blood pressure and counter-regulatory systems in conscious hypertensive dogs.

The counter-regulatory effects in response to blood pressure reduction by propyldazine were studied in conscious dogs with bilateral cellophane perinephritis hypertension. During a 22-day period of chronic treatment, the initial increase in heart rate, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin, which indicate counter-regulation to the drug induced decrease in blood pressure, vanished. On the fifth day of treatment another, presumably cellular mechanism, had taken over the restitution of blood pressure and thereby led to tolerance towards the action of further propyldazine administration. Seven days after the end of chronic treatment a renewed propyldazine administration did not produce the same effects as obtained with the first administration; after 28 days the hypotensive effect of propyldazine was identical to the one observed before treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XIII. Effect of dialyzable component(s) of uremic blood on phenobarbital concentrations in rats at onset of loss of righting reflex.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the previously demonstrated increased sensitivity of the central nervous system of uremic rats to the hypnotic activity of phenobarbital is caused, wholly or in part, by the accumulation of one or more endogenous substances. Blood was obtained from normal donor rats and from rats made uremic by administration of uranyl nitrate 5 days earlier. The serum was dialyzed against water, using a cellophane membrane with a molecular exclusion limit of 12,000 to 14,000 daltons, and the dialysate was lyophilized. A concentrate of the dialysate was administered by i.v. infusion to normal rats who also received a slow i.v. infusion of phenobarbital until they lost their righting reflex. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid, blood (for serum) and the brain were obtained at that time and were assayed for phenobarbital. Compared to the two control groups, i.e., rats infused with serum dialysate from normal animals or with normal saline solution, rats infused with serum dialysate from uremic rats lost their righting reflex at significantly lower phenobarbital concentrations in serum, brain and cerebrospinal fluid. This shows that the serum of uremic rats contains appreciable concentrations of one or more dialysable components capable of potentiating or contributing to the hypnotic activity of phenobarbital.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1979

[Research methods of R factors (author's transl)].

After having outlined the routine methods for the study of drug resistance plasmids used at highly specialized centres such as the London Enteric Reference Laboratory, the AA. examine the most practical methods of a pure and simple way of discovering R factors in enterobacteria. A brief reference is made to some of the in vivo transfer techniques before reducing the various possibilities of in vitro survey to essentials. The experimental conditions realized by some AA. for mating in liquid media which represent the most commonly used method for the study of R factors in enterobacteria are pointed out as an example. Finally, a brief reference is made to other technique such as the mating possibilities on membrane filter in solid media and "facilitated mating" in the cellophane device according to Chabbert.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1985

Pharmacological and toxicological properties of ryodipine.

2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxy-p hen yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine (ryodipine, PP-1466) causes lasting decrease in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure at intravenous and oral administration to anesthetized animals. In conscious rats with DOCA-salt (des-oxycortone) and spontaneous hypertension, as well as in rats with hypertension provoked by method of cellophane perinephritis, PP-1466 (1 and 10 mg/kg, orally) decreases systolic pressure considerably. Therapeutic doses of PP-1466 do not essentially affect rhythm and frequency of cardiac contractions. High doses of the drug increase the heart rate. PP-1466 increases coronary blood flow. PP-1466 antagonizes considerably the pressor effect of angiotensin. In this respect PP-1466 is superior to SKF-24260 (2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethylphenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine). PP-1466 reduces hypotensive reaction and tachycardia induced by isoprenaline administration, inhibits decrease in arterial pressure caused by electric stimulation of the vagus nerve and administration of acetylcholine. Hypotension caused by PP-1466 and its negative inotropic effect can be antagonized with calcium chloride. In mice and rats PP-1466 at doses exceeding 10 mg/kg exerts a certain dose dependent depressant effect on the CNS. More protracted depressant effect on the CNS is exerted by nifedipine which was studied parallelly. In rabbits oral PP-1466 decreases in EEG basic rhythm amplitude both in cortical and subcortical structures. High doses of the drug lead to dysrhythmia in bioelectric activity. Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity studies in mice, rats and dogs show that PP-1466 possesses low acute toxicity and is well tolerated at protracted repeated administration of therapeutic and several times higher doses.

Analgesics↗

PubMed1985

Methods for studying the binding of aluminum by serum protein.

We describe methods for studying the binding of Al by protein in serum: ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and immuno-affinity chromatography. For ultrafiltration we used an Amicon YM10 cellophane membrane with a nominal cutoff of 10 000 Da to separate ultrafiltrable and non-ultrafiltrable Al. For gel filtration we used Sephacryl S-300, and for immuno-affinity chromatography we used anti-transferrin coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose to identify the Al-binding protein. For 30 normal subjects 54% of the total Al in serum was non-ultrafiltrable; for 30 patients with chronic renal failure being treated by hemodialysis 67% was non-ultrafiltrable. In both groups transferrin was identified as the major Al-binding protein in the serum. Results of gel-filtration studies should be interpreted with caution: some gel media adsorb "free" Al, which can be subsequently taken up by transferrin or desferrioxamine passing through the column. We find affinity chromatography to be a specific and reliable method, suitable for use in quantitative studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Gelatin film. A useful adjunct in rhinoplastic surgery.

Gelfilm is a nonporous, rigid, cellophane-like absorbable gelatin. Its use in preventing adhesions in neurosurgery and ophthalmic, otologic, and chest surgery has been well described. It has not been previously reported for nasal surgery. It incorporates many characteristics of an ideal absorbable implant. The material has been used clinically as a dorsal nasal implant either alone or as a vehicle for autogenous cartilage grafts. Its main function is to diminish adhesions between the nasal bones and dorsal skin after surgery on the nasal pyramid. Its benefits seem most applicable in traumatic or revisionary rhinoplasty. Its use has been well documented in 40 cases with a one-year follow-up. The only disadvantage is a slight prolonged dorsal edema until the implant resorbs. The results have been impressive in both early and late postoperative follow-up because the nasal dorsum appears smoother and the skin nonadherent.

Animals↗

PubMed1969

Dry-column chromatographic isolation of fatty acid esters of phorbol from croton oil.

The family of mixed fatty acid esters of 4,9,12,13,20-pentahydroxy-tiglia-1,6-dien-3-one (phorbol) has been isolated from croton oil by column chromatography on silica gel and preparative dry-column chromatography on silica gel HF/254 packed in a cellophane membrane. The tumorpromoting agents are obtained rapidly and with minimum difficulty.

Alcohols↗

PubMed1979

[Bacteriocin properties of Lactobacillus fermenti, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus buchneri].

Four bacteriocins of L. fermenti, 3 bacteriocins of L. brevis and 1 bacteriocin of L. buchneri were studied with respect to morphology of the inhibition growth zones of the indicator strains, capacity for diffusion through cellophane, sensitivity to high temperature, bacterial proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, papain, nucleases and lysozyme. According to the differences in their properties the bacteriocins were classified as belonging to 8 types, including 4 types of L. fermenti bacteriocins and 3 types of L. brevis bacteriocins.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed1971

Platelet aggregation by rat liver. Evidence for ADP as major factor.

Slices of liver as well as other tissues induce marked platelet aggregation in vitro. The physical and chemical properties of the active substance in rat liver ultrafiltrates support the contention that the aggregation-inducing agent is identical with ADP. The active material is absorbed on charcoal, dialyzable through cellophane and filterable through a membrane that retains substances of molecular weight greater than 1000. The tissue factor is thermolabile in liver homogenates but thermostable in ultrafiltrates, indicating that degradative enzymes present in tissue did not pass through the filter along with the active substance. Aggregation activity of the ultrafiltrates was retained after prolonged frozen storage and resisted pronase digestion as well as strong acid and alkali. Platelet-aggregating activity in the filtered samples disappeared after incubation with apyrase. ADP could not be detected directly in the active ultrafiltrates by specific-enzyme assay, probably due to insufficient sensitivity of the method, for undetectable levels of ADP were still sufficient to cause marked platelet aggregation. Investigation of conditions under which ADP may pass from parenchymal cells into vessels may contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of thrombosis associated with ischemic and toxic injury.

Absorption↗

PubMed1983

Studies in immunodermatology. IX. Effect of organic solvents and enzymes on the reactivity of stratum corneum antigens.

Explants of normal skin fail to react in direct immunofluorescence tests with stratum corneum antibodies. However, upon stripping with cellophane tape, the horny layer of such explants react in tissue culture. Swabbing of skin explants with ether and chloroform converts stratum corneum antigen (SCAg) from a nonreactive to a reactive form. Treatment with methanol, acetone or phosphate-buffered saline failed to bring about such a conversion. Treatment of skin explants with hyaluronidase and phosphilipase A converst SCAg of at least some skin explants to a reactive form. Treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasmin abolished the reactivity of SCAg upon prolonged incubation. However, upon short incubation with plasmin, SCAg was converted to a reactive form.

Antigens↗

PubMed1982

Special characteristics of cultured smooth muscle cell subtypes of hypertensive and diabetic rats.

In rat smooth muscle cell cultures two types of cells were detected. The majority of cells were small and spindle-shaped, 15% of which were labeled with H3-thymidine and displayed a nucleus/plasma relation of 1:15. Thirteen percent of the smooth muscle cell population was large and partly polynuclear. The H3-thymidine labeling was 1.3% in these rounder cells, and the nucleus/plasma ratio was 1:44. The surface area and cell shape of both types of cells were quantified morphometrically. Diabetes was induced in a group of animals by streptozotocin and hypertension by cellophane perinephritis. Data on smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture obtained from diabetic and hypertensive rats differed from those of the controls. The percentage of small cells was significantly decreased, while the H3-thymidine index was increased in both diabetic and hypertensive rats. The number of large and polynuclear cells increased relative to the small cells, and they also displayed a higher proliferation rate as well as a change in their nucleus/plasma ratio. Another group of diabetic animals was treated with acetylsalicylic acid prior to SMC cultivation. Acetylsalicylic acid prevented the majority of changes found in cultured SMC of diabetic rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Antihypertensive activity of captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme in conscious two-kidney perinephritic hypertensive dogs.

Conscious dogs made hypertensive by wrapping both kidneys with cellophane were treated daily with a single dose of captopril (31 mg/kg p.o.), an inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme, or with placebo (lactose, 31 mg/kg p.o.) for a period of 13 weeks. Blood pressures were recorded indirectly from a forepaw by using a Roche ultrasonic pressure transducer (Arteriosonde). Treatment with captopril resulted in decreases in blood pressure (25-30 mm Hg) that were maximal at 3 to 6 hr with no associated changes in heart rate. The captopril-induced hypotensive effect was maintained throughout the 13-week treatment period, and after the termination of captopril dosing, pressure rose slowly over the next 72 hr to a level not significantly different from placebo-treated dogs. Plasma renin activity (PRA) in the hypertensive dogs at the time treatment was initiated was not different from the same animals when they were normotensive. In captopril-treated animals, PRA increased 3- to 4-fold after each dose of the drug was given, reaching a maximum at 3 to 6 hr, a time corresponding to the maximal blood pressure decrease. PRA gradually declined but did not reach control levels before the next dose of captopril was administered. In animals treated with placebo, PRA remained at levels not significantly different from normotensive dogs during the entire treatment period. After termination of captopril administration, PRA slowly returned to pretreatment levels; the return of PRA paralleled the recovery of blood pressure. The results indicate that captopril is effective in reducing blood pressure for an extended period of time in a hypertensive model in which the level of activity of the renin angiotensin system is not elevated.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMed1983

Bacteriophage Mu DNA replication in vitro.

An in vitro system for bacteriophage Mu DNA replication using lysates on cellophane discs is described. Mu replication was monitored by DNA hybridization. Using a thermoinducible Mu lysogen, 30-50% of all DNA synthesis in vitro was Mu-specific. Mu DNA synthesis is semidiscontinuous. In the presence of the DNA ligase inhibitor NMN, about one-half of the DNA was in Okazaki pieces and one-half in large DNA. The Mu Okazaki pieces hybridized mainly to the Mu light strand; the large DNA hybridized mainly to the Mu heavy strand. Okazaki pieces isolated from uninfected cells also hybridized to 2000-3000 bases of host DNA present in Mu-separated strands. However, the host Okazaki pieces hybridize to both Mu strands symmetrically. Most, if not all, host sequences were represented in mature Mu viral DNA. The in vitro data are most consistent with models in which Mu sequences, oriented randomly in both directions in the host chromosome, have recruited a bacterial replisome which traverses the Mu genome from left to right.

Coliphages↗

PubMed1984

[Bacteriocins of species of the genus Pseudomonas].

Occurrence of bacteriocinogeneity in 120 strains of 24 species of Pseudomonas was studied. Active strains producing bacteriocine-like substances were detected among P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. taetrolens, P. fragi, P. stutzeri, P. mendocina, P. maltophilia, and P. pseudoalcaligenes. The bacteriocine-like substances produced by them differed by the morphology of the zones of the test microbe growth inhibition, sensitivity to temperature and enzymes, capacity for dialysis through cellophane membranes and antimicrobial spectrum. The majority of them could be synthesized on agarized and liquid media and induced by UV light and mitomycin C. The strains of P. taetrolens, P. fragi, P. putida and P. fluorescens producing the bacteriocine-like substances had broad antimicrobial spectrum and inhibited the growth of many species of Pseudomonas and representatives of other taxonomic groups of microorganisms.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1984

Experimental studies in pelviureteric obstruction and hydronephrosis.

The 'cellophane sclerosis' phenomenon was used to produce a slowly progressive pelviureteric obstruction in dogs. One group of the resulting hydronephrotic kidneys was treated by non dismembered pelvioplasty, the other by dismembered pelvioplasty. In order to establish some theoretical support for the prevailing clinical preference for the dismembered technique, postoperative results were compared in these groups. Criteria used were perfusion pressure profiles of the pelviureteric segment, still X-ray, fluoroscopy with videorecording, pathology and biochemistry. Scanning electron microscopy and video-densitometry were also introduced. Pressure profiles showed no significant difference after the two types of surgery. Still X-ray in the dismembered group shows a better anatomical result in the pelviureteric segment but suggests more extensive loss of renal parenchyma. X-ray videography in the non dismembered group shows irregular contours of the lumen with saccular pouches ('dogears'). In the dismembered group the pelviureteric segment can hardly be distinguished from that in the normal situation. Functionally however, no clear difference is observed between the two. Microscopy shows more fibrosis in the scar after dismembered operations. However, sufficient muscular tissue had regenerated for normal peristaltic waves to run across the scar in both groups. The epithelium had healed completely in both groups. Scanning electron microscopy shows 'thinning out' of the pelvic urothelium to only one layer in the hydronephrotic stage. Videodensitometry shows a resumption of coordinated peristaltic waves across the scar in both groups.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Diagnostic tools for Schistosoma japonicum in control programmes.

Parasitological diagnostic techniques for control programmes should be inexpensive, quantitative and highly reliable. For parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the field, the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) technique has been widely used. This technique requires expensive laboratory equipment, including a centrifuge, its sensitivity is limited and the results are not reproducible quantitatively. The cellophane smear technique (Kato) is simple, reproducible and has been adapted as a quantitative measure of S. japonicum infection. The miracidial hatching technique is simple and highly sensitive but has not been well standardized for quantitative measurements. Ideally, immunodiagnostic tests for use in control programmes should be at least as sensitive and slightly less specific than the current parasitological techniques to assure detection of most infected persons. Recent evaluations of S. japonicum egg and adult antigens in various immunoassay systems indicate that immunodiagnosis may play an important role in the monitoring and surveillance phase of schistosomiasis control.

Antigens, Helminth↗

PubMed1983

Tissue blood flow changes induced by propranolol infusion in conscious normotensive and renal hypertensive rabbits.

Using electromagnetic flowmetry and the radioactive microsphere method, systemic and regional haemodynamic variables in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rabbits were measured. Rabbits were made hypertensive by unilateral nephrectomy combined with cellophane wrapping of the remaining kidney. Systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of propranolol infusions (67 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 1 hr, equivalent to a total of 4 mg.kg-1) were compared in the two groups of animals. Propranolol reduced heart rate and cardiac output in both groups of animals studied. The drug only marginally decreased arterial pressure in the normotensive animals but did so more effectively in the hypertensive animals. The difference in the two groups was due to the fact that total peripheral resistance increased significantly in the normotensive but not in the hypertensive rabbits. Regional haemodynamic studies revealed that, in normotensive animals, propranolol decreased blood flow to, and increased vascular resistance in a number of tissues (heart, brain, stomach, mesentery).

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[A parasitological study of the nursery of a medical school].

Sixty-two stool samples obtained from 0-6 years-old children in Nursery of medical Faculty were examined for intestinal parasites in 1982 and 1983. In addition, for the purpose of detection of Enterobiase incidence, cellophane swab technique was also applied. It has observed that total parasite incidence were 66.6% in 1932 and 44.8% in 1933. It has been indicated that the highest infection rate was belong to two parasites namely E. vermicularis (25.8%) and G. lamblia (17.7%).

Child↗