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PubMedDate not supplied

Virulence factors of Clostridium perfringens.

Clostridium perfringens produces a variety of virulence factors. The mechanism of action of these factors usually falls into one of three groups. Some of these virulence factors, such as the alpha toxin, which is phospholipase C, and the kappa toxin, which is a collagenase, are enzymes that hydrolyze substances essential to the integrity of membranes or other body structures. Other virulence factors, such as the beta, episolon, and iota toxins, act primarily on the vascular endothelium, causing increased capillary permeability, especially in the brain. Still others, such as the delta and theta toxins, are essentially hemolysins. Theta toxin is similar in action and serologically related to streptolysin O.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual infections associated with colorectal cancer.

Unusual infections associated with colorectal tumors may, in some instances, be the sole clue to the presence of a malignancy. The infections are either related to invasion of tissues or organs in close proximity to the tumor or secondary to distant seeding by transient bacteremia arising from necrotic tumors. Seven patients seen at one hospital over a 5-year period illustrate the clinical presentations of such infections. The infections identified in these seven patients include endocarditis, meningitis, nontraumatic gas gangrene, empyema, hepatic abscesses, retroperitoneal abscess, clostridial sepsis, and colovesical fistulae with urosepsis. A computer-assisted search of the English-language literature and cross-checks from other review articles identified other infections associated with colon cancer, which include nontraumatic crepitant cellulitis, suppurative thyroiditis, pericarditis, appendicitis, pulmonary microabscesses, septic arthritis, and fever of unknown origin. The clinical importance of these infections and their correlation with colorectal malignancies are reviewed.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous clostridial empyema and pyopneumothorax.

Five patients developed pleural empyema due to Clostridium perfringens in the absence of penetration of the thorax; two of the patients presented with pyopneumothorax. Thirteen additional cases from the literature are reviewed. Predisposing factors to the development of pleural empyema appear to include aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary embolization and infarction, and bacteremia from other foci. Pleural disease and pulmonary tuberculosis may also predispose patients to pleural empyema. Treatment consists of drainage and antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pigbel in Papua New Guinea: an ancient disease rediscovered.

A hypothesis suggested in this paper is that pigbel, or enteritis necroticans was a common disease in mediaeval Europe when human habitats, food hygiene, protein deficiency and periodic meat feasting formed the basics of village life as they do in many Third World cultures today. Based on the Papua New Guinea experience with pigbel, it is suggested that health authorities should look closely at the epidemiology of the acute surgical abdomen in such communities. Enteritis necroticans may be the important predisposing lesion to mid-gut volvulus, jejunal and ileal ileus and other forms of small bowel strangulation in communities where protein deprivation, poor food hygiene, epochal meat feasting and staple diets containing trypsin inhibitors co-exist. Such human habitats occur in Central South America, Western Pacific, Asian and South-East Asian cultures. Isolated outbreaks of necrotising enteritis have been reported from Uganda, Malaysia and Indonesia but as yet no systematic epidemiological studies of the prevalence of small bowel strangulations have been described in the surgical literature of Third World countries. Now that enteritis necroticans is preventable by vaccination such studies should be undertaken.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1985

Meat consumption as a risk factor in enteritis necroticans.

The association between the consumption of animal protein and enteritis necroticans (EN) was investigated in a case-control study of 60 proven cases of acute surgical EN. A very high risk of EN was found in association with the recent ingestion of pork and other meats with the exception of tinned fish. The control group was characterized by the more frequent and regular ingestion of animal protein (predominantly in the form of tinned fish) suggesting a protective effect. No conclusions about the causality of the observed associations could be drawn but the implications for preventive intervention are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Passive bacteriocin typing of strains of Clostridium perfringens type A causing food poisoning for epidemiologic studies.

A passive bacteriocin typing system was developed for use as an epidemiologic tool to study outbreaks of food poisoning caused by Clostridium perfringens type A. The 90 strains tested were from England, the United States, India, Japan, France, and Canada. Forty of 74 strains produced bacteriocin when irradiated with ultraviolet light for 40-90 sec. Eight bacteriocins were concentrated with ammonium sulfate and titrated on a common indicator strain. These bacteriocins were found to be specific for C. perfringens type A. All of the 90 strains were typable, with 16 distinct bacteriocin types. Most (85.56%) of the strains were types 1-6. Strains of C. perfringens type A clustered into certain patterns of bacteriocin types according to their country of origin and source of isolation.

Bacteriocins↗