SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Coping”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Positive coping and mastery in a rehabilitation setting.

The objective of this study was to examine the predictive value of positive coping in relation to behavioral outcomes. Positive coping focuses on goal setting and preparative behavior in response to distress. The participants were 228 in-patients in a rehabilitation hospital following joint replacement. The average age of participants was 67.3 years old, 71% were women and two-thirds were married. Sixty percent had a hip replacement and 40% had a knee replacement. The study was designed so that at Time 1, two scales were used: the proactive coping subscale of the Proactive Coping Inventory and the Getting on with Life scale. Proactive coping measures future-oriented planning and goal-setting strategies that an individual develops when confronting stress. Getting on with Life assesses feelings about resuming activities and social relationships that give one day-to-day pleasure. At Time 2, behavioral outcomes were assessed using the 2-Minute Walk (2 MW) Test and a functional independence measure. In the 2 MW Test, participants were instructed to walk at a comfortable pace and the distance walked in 2 min was measured in meters. The functional independence measure was based on average ratings of participants' independence behavior by trained hospital personnel in different areas. Results indicated that proactive coping and Getting on with Life were significantly related to behavioral outcomes. In conclusion, the results illustrate the value of positive coping in a rehabilitation setting.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of coping with pain in mothers and their children with sickle cell syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined predictors of strategies used to cope with pain in children with sickle cell disease and their mothers. METHOD: Disease severity, socioeconomic status, child adjustment and adaptive behavior, maternal psychopathology, and family functioning were examined in 55 mother-child dyads to determine the predictive potential of these factors on engagement and disengagement coping. RESULTS: While controlling for socioeconomic status and psychopathology in the mothers, 15% of the variance in engagement coping was predicted by family adaptability. Disengagement coping was predicted by internalizing symptoms exhibited by the child, including a negative and pessimistic attributional style, which accounted for nearly one fifth of the variance. Finally, mothers who reported more active strategies for coping with their child's pain were more likely to endorse greater use of techniques to prevent and effectively manage pain in their children. CONCLUSIONS: Neither coping strategy was predicted by severity of disease presentation in the children, suggesting the importance of psychosocial factors in adapting to childhood chronic illness and that severity of disease may not necessarily be a marker for families at risk for adjustment difficulties. Findings were interpreted to support a systemic family model in promoting active and adaptive engagement coping in caretakers of children with sickle cell syndrome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1995

Coping with everyday and disease-related stressors by chronically ill children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines those aspects of disease that chronically ill children find stressful and the coping strategies they report using to manage these stressors. In particular, we examined whether a state or trait conceptualization of coping was most applicable to this population. METHOD: A total of 177 children with varying chronic illnesses were asked to complete a coping checklist in response to a self-generated illness-related problem and an everyday problem. RESULTS: Analyses of coping strategy stability revealed gender but not age effects. Some coping strategies were used equally across varying illness-related stressors, but others, e.g. distraction, blaming others, and emotional regulation, varied by type of stressor. Moderately consistent patterns were found across illness-related and non-illness-related situations for the same individual. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that coping strategies used by chronically ill children have some stability but do vary across situations. Clinicians might benefit from routine screening of coping in chronically ill children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Stressors and coping strategies of patients with automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

This study investigated the stressors of and coping strategies used by patients living with the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. A descriptive study of stress perceptions and coping strategies was conducted with quantitative and qualitative methods. The Lazarus stress and coping paradigm was used as a theoretic framework. Interviews of 20 subjects revealed a mixture of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies in the physical, psychologic, and social areas. The optimistic coping style facilitated coping best. Nursing implications include fostering the use of mixed coping strategies, including optimism, in living with this device.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stress and coping in hypertensive and emergency room patients.

Stressful life events (SLEs) and coping behavior were compared in 25 emergency room patients with nonserious acute illness and 25 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Stress was evaluated with a modified Rahe's SLE questionnaire and coping with a rate scale developed by the primary investigator. Results showed that: ER patients reported significantly more (p < .05) SLEs for one year preceding illness onset, although more hypertensives subjectively rated their stress level as high; ER patients experienced significantly more SLEs in personal and social, home and family, and financial categories; hypertensives experienced significantly more health-related SLEs; age was seen as influencing SLEs; hypertensive patients used significantly more problem-oriented coping methods than did ER patients; hypertensives relied more on religion and physical activity in coping than did the ER group; ER patients more often day-dreamed or used their past experience as a guide for coping with stress; each group rated use of drugs as least important in coping; and educational level proved to be a salient variable affecting coping.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Examining the common stressors and coping methods of rural adolescents.

The major objective of this study was to explore and examine common stressors and coping strategies of rural adolescents. Coping was defined as a cognitive and transactional process between a person and the person's environment. A survey of 222 normal adolescents attending a rural southwestern Pennsylvania high school reported experiencing stressful events related to school, family, friendship, health, and transportation. The coping strategy reported as being the most commonly used was optimistic. However, the coping strategy reported to be most effective in dealing with stressful events was supportant. The results of this study contribute to the limited information on adolescent coping in rural areas. This study should help health care providers further their understanding of this vulnerable population. Clinicians can enhance the effective coping and overall health of the rural adolescent by screening for and discussing coping strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of coping instruction in reducing young adolescents' pain after major spinal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Enduring pain following major orthopaedic surgery is a major challenge for adolescents. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of coping instruction and concrete-objective information on adolescents' postoperative pain and focus on potential applications of these interventions for orthopaedic nursing practice. DESIGN/METHOD: A randomized controlled trial of 66 young adolescents (age 11-14) undergoing major spinal surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. RESULTS: The intervention that focused only on coping instruction was the most effective intervention on postoperative Day 2. On postoperative Day 4, adolescents receiving coping instruction (coping alone or coping plus information) reported less pain than those not receiving coping instruction. DISCUSSION: Interventions that direct adolescent patients' attention to learning coping strategies they can use during recovery to lessen pain may be more efficacious than others following major spinal surgery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1981

Type A behavior pattern and coping and defense.

The relationship of coping and defense to Type A behavior pattern (TABP), as measured by the Structured Interview and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), was investigated to understand the dynamics of TABP and psychological factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. It was hypothesized that global TABP and its component "speed and impatience" would be related to the use of defense mechanisms, while the TABP attribute "job involvement" would be related to high coping. The interview measure of global TABP was not related to coping and defense. For the JAS, "Job involvement" was related to high coping scores and low defense scores, "speed and impatience" was related to high defensiveness, and "hard driving" was related to low coping scores. One implication is that TABP may be associated with increased CHD risk only when combined with low coping skills and high defenses. The JAS findings imply that increased coronary risk may be associated with poor coping skills. Future studies should examine multifactorial interaction of personality variables that may contribute to CHD risk.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Coping style of individuals with functional dyspepsia.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study described here were to 1) examine the coping style of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and 2) adopt a new interview questionnaire to examine the extent of discriminativeness in the use of coping strategies across different stressful situations. METHODS: A matched case-control design was adopted to compare differences among a target group of 30 patients with FD, a pain control group of 30 patients with rheumatism, and a control group of 30 healthy persons. A new interview questionnaire, the Coping Flexibility Interview Schedule, was used to assess subjects' experience of stressful life events, use of coping strategies, and perceived severity of major FD symptoms. RESULTS: Subjects with FD perceived their experienced stressors as more uncontrollable and as having a greater impact (p < .05). They also used more direct-action strategies but fewer divert attention, acceptance, social support, and relaxation strategies when handling stressful life events (p < .05). A significant group-by-controllability interaction effect was found (p < .001), indicating that FD subjects tended to use coping strategies nondiscriminatively, whereas both rheumatic and healthy subjects tended to use coping strategies more discriminatively across stressful life events of different extents of controllability. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that FD patients are characterized by a nondiscriminative, action-oriented coping style. The implications of this finding for the extant body of research and the advantages of using our interview questionnaire, which has a more flexible format, are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stress and coping and behavioral organization.

This article presents a new integrative theoretical framework for stress and coping centered on the concept of behavioral organization and the notions that stress disorganizes behavior and coping aims at reorganizing it. Functional analysis of behavioral organization leads to identification of four core domains of control and to a functional classification of types of stressful conditions, types of negative emotions, and types of coping functions linked directly to the control domains. The control domains are represented cognitively by four postulated kinds of beliefs or views people hold with respect to undertaking an action: performance, process, prospect, and profit beliefs. The four basic control beliefs form the core of the present coping belief model of coping. Recognition of the underlying structure of behavior, and of functional categories of stress and coping related to it, can advance theory and research on stress and coping by enriching its psychological content, improving research designs, and leading to reexamination, reinterpretation, and integration of findings existing in the literature that presently are fragmented and unconnected.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Religious coping, ethnicity, and ambulatory blood pressure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between religious coping, ethnicity, and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measured during daily life. METHODS: A 24-hour ABP was obtained from 155 men and women (78 African American and 77 white) on a typical workday. ABP was averaged over awake and sleep periods, and clinic BP was also assessed. Psychosocial measures of coping style, negative affect, social support, stress, and health behaviors were completed before ABP measurement. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic variables, revealed a significant religious coping by ethnicity interaction for ABP (p < .01) and clinic BP (p < .05). Religious coping was not related to BP among whites. Among African Americans, however, higher levels of religious coping were associated with lower awake (p < .05) and sleep (p < .01) ABP. Social support satisfaction also was related to lower awake ABP among African Americans, but it did not mediate the relationship between religious coping and ABP. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study extend previous findings by showing that, among African Americans, religious coping and BP are related during daily activities as well as in the clinic. Lower 24-hour BP load may be a pathway through which religiosity and cardiovascular health are related.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stress, coping, and hepatitis B antibody status.

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the association between exposure to stressful life events, coping style, and antibody status after hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: Two hundred sixty medical school undergraduates, who had received the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine before recruitment to this study, completed questionnaires measuring exposure to stressful life events during the past year, customary coping strategies, and health behaviors. Antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen were determined; levels <100 mIU/ml were deemed inadequate. RESULTS: Two participant cohorts were identified: those vaccinated within the last year and those vaccinated earlier. In the early vaccination cohort, participants with greater-than-average stress exposures had a more than two-fold increased risk of having an inadequate antibody titer. Coping by accepting the reality of stressful situations proved protective, whereas coping by substance use increased the risk of having an inadequate antibody count in this cohort. These associations remained significant after adjustment for possible mediators. Furthermore, the effects of stress and coping were largely independent of one another. Neither stress nor coping was significantly associated with antibody status in the recently vaccinated cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that the immune system is sensitive to variations in psychological factors. Stressful life events and coping strategy seem to have a continuing impact on hepatitis B antibody status.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

Helping adolescents cope with stress during stressful times.

Increasing levels of stress in the daily lives of adolescents is an important health concern. Adolescents experience a variety of stressful situations and use a wide range of coping strategies to help effectively manage stress. Recent research on adolescent coping with stressful situations is reviewed. Findings support an association between coping and adolescent health problems, chronic physical illness, and mental health. More research is needed to investigate the long-term benefits of coping with stress on adolescent health and well-being. Specific recommendations for helping adolescents cope with stressful situations are discussed. Health care providers are encouraged to assess how adolescents cope with acute and chronic stressors and provide adolescents with information about coping with stressful situations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2001

Parental coping and bereavement outcome after the death of a child in the pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: Parental grief after the death of a child may be influenced by the chronicity of the child's illness, the quality of care provided, and the parents' ability to cope. Our objective is to identify aspects of pediatric intensive care and parental coping that have a favorable effect on parental bereavement outcome. DESIGN: Follow-up survey. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven parents who experienced the death of their child in the pediatric intensive care unit between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 1998. INTERVENTIONS: Parents completed two standardized questionnaires, the Coping Resources Inventory and the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief. The Coping Resources Inventory quantifies five coping resources: cognitive, social, emotional, spiritual, and physical. The Texas Revised Inventory of Grief is a two-part questionnaire that quantifies the intensity of grief at two time points: (1) near the time of death, and (2) in the present. Parents had previously participated in an interview with the investigators that included questions regarding the emotional attitudes of the pediatric intensive care unit staff and the adequacy of information provided during their child's critical illness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Texas Revised Inventory of Grief scores were used as measures of early and long-term grief. RESULTS: Parents' whose child died acutely had greater intensity of early and long-term grief than those whose child died of chronic illness (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Parents' physical coping resources and the emotional attitudes of pediatric intensive care unit staff predicted the intensity of early grief (R(2) =.27, multiple regression). Parents' cognitive coping resources, the emotional attitudes of staff, and the adequacy of information provided to parents predicted the intensity of long-term grief (R(2) =.42). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' physical well-being enables more effective handling of early grief. Parents' understanding of their own self-worth and their child's illness determine long-term adaptation to loss. A caring emotional attitude displayed by pediatric intensive care unit staff has beneficial short-term and long-term effects on parental bereavement.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of life and coping of persons with temporary and permanent stomas.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the use of coping strategies and quality of life (QoL) among individuals with temporary and permanent stomas. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional. METHODS: After consideration of ethical issues, 42 subjects with temporary stomas and 72 subjects with permanent stomas were interviewed. The Coping Strategies Inventory of Folkman and Lazarus, and Ferrans and Powers QoL Index, both validated for the Brazilian culture, were administered. RESULTS: Subjects from both groups used all coping strategies queried in the Coping Strategies Index and QoL index, but significant differences (P<0.05) were found in use of confrontive, escape-avoidance, and positive reappraisal factors, which were more frequently employed by patients with temporary stoma. QoL scores did not differ between the groups. Significant correlations (P<.001) among subjects with temporary stomas were observed between the family QoL subscale and (a) distancing, (b) self-control, (c) accepting responsibility, (d) escape-avoidance, and (e) positive reappraisal coping factors. Significant correlations were also found between the psychological/spiritual QoL subscale and positive reappraisal factor; between the health/functioning QoL subscale and planful problem solving and positive reappraisal for patients with temporary stomas. Among subjects with permanent stomas, only significant correlations existed between the psychological/spiritual QoL subscale and self-control and social support coping factors. CONCLUSION: Individuals with stomas tend to show positive QoL scores. However, different coping strategies were used by persons with temporary versus permanent stomas.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Coping with psychosis: an integrative developmental framework.

One important way in which persons with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, can influence the recovery process is by coping with the profoundly negative effects of mental illness. Despite accumulating evidence on the active role of the person in his or her recovery, there remains much conceptual confusion regarding the nature and categorization of the concept of coping. The present article constructs a clinically useful framework of coping that describes parallel and consecutive types of coping processes by applying Schwarzer's proactive coping theory to severe mental illness. Four coping modes including reactive, anticipatory, preventive, and proactive are described, and the role of meaning making is elaborated on as an integrative framework. Future research can be directed at validating the presented model and investigating the relationship between these types of coping and other relevant dimensions such as symptoms, functioning, and recovery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Repressive coping style, acute stress disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder after myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the associations between repressive coping style, acute stress disorder (ASD) and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after myocardial infarction (MI) to ascertain the efficacy of repressive coping style in immediate and long-term adjustment to stress. METHODS: A total of 116 MI patients were examined twice: within a week of their MI (time 1) and 7 months later (time 2). At time 1, repressive coping style, perceived threat, and ASD were measured by self-report questionnaires. In addition, medical measures indicative of the severity of the MI were obtained from patients' hospital records. At time 2, PTSD was assessed. The distribution of the repressive coping style was compared with that of 72 matched control subjects. RESULTS: Findings revealed the adaptiveness of repressive coping style both in the immediate and longer-term aftermath of MI: repressors endorsed less ASD and PTSD than nonrepressors. In addition, the contribution of repressive coping style to PTSD was unique and beyond the implications of severity of MI, perceived threat, and immediate ASD. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the role of repressive coping style as a stress-buffer; several mechanisms that explain this role are suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Coping with first-time endoscopy for a select sample of Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia and duodenal ulcer: an observational study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and duodenal ulcer (DU) coped with first-time endoscopy, a highly relevant real-life stressor. We adopted an observational method to enhance the ecological validity of the study on stress and coping. METHODS: A matched case-control design was adopted to compare differences between 30 Chinese FD patients from a select sample and 30 Chinese DU patients (13 females and 17 males in each group) in observed coping behaviors, mood states, and subjective appraisals of endoscopy. A new observation checklist was developed for recording subjects' coping behaviors, and our validation study showed that this newly developed measure had adequate reliability and criterion-related validity. RESULTS: Compared with their DU counterparts, FD subjects 1) used more problem-focused coping, 2) used less emotion-focused coping, and 3) sought more instrumental support. They also had higher levels of anxious mood both before and after the endoscopy than did DU subjects. Moreover, compared with DU subjects, FD subjects reported having more pains and discomfort during the endoscopy and more dissatisfaction with the endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Using an objective observational method in a select sample of FD patients, the present study provided tentative evidence that FD subjects tend to adopt an action-oriented coping pattern when encountering first-time endoscopy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗