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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

High incidence of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice depending on sex steroid.

The NOD mouse develops spontaneous autoimmune lesions in the lacrimal and salivary glands, besides a well characterized T cell-mediated autoimmune pancreatic beta cell lesion. We report unique pathological findings developed in the lacrimal glands as an autoimmune dacryoadenitis of NOD mice in contrast to those found in the salivary glands and pancreas. A high incidence of autoimmune lesions in the lacrimal glands was observed exclusively in male NOD mice at any age. Histology of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in male NOD mice showed severe destructive changes compared with those observed previously as an autoimmune lesion in the lacrimal glands. Castration in male NOD mice significantly decreased the incidence of autoimmune dacryoadenitis, and testosterone treatment with castration also increased the incidence of autoimmune lesions. Oestrogen treatment with castration did not increase the incidence, but tamoxifen treatment without castration significantly increased the incidence of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in NOD mice. In addition, we detected up-regulation of local cytokine genes (IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 p40) during the course of autoimmune dacryoadenitis. These data suggest that in spontaneous autoimmune dacryoadenitis of male NOD mice there may be an intimate relationship with sex steroids, particularly testosterone, in the development and progression of autoimmune lesions, and autoreactive Th1 cells secrete up-regulated cytokine genes, including IL-10 and IL-12.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Endoscopic marsupialization of congenital nasolacrimal duct cyst with dacryocoele.

A congenital nasolacrimal duct cyst is an uncommon condition in the newborn usually treated by ophthalmologists. Prolapse or expansion of the cyst into the nose may lead to respiratory distress and difficulty in feeding as newborns are obligate nose breathers, which needs the involvement of the Otolaryngologist in diagnosis and management. The authors report a series of 8 children presenting with a congenital nasolacrimal duct cyst and dacryocoele and highlight the importance of endoscopic nasal examination of newborns presenting with respiratory problems. Diagnostic studies included intranasal endoscopy and CT scanning of the nasolacrimal system and nose. All the patients were treated by endoscopic marsupialization of the cyst. Nasolacrimal duct abnormality should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress and nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopy is essential in the work-up of all children with nasal obstruction and respiratory distress. CT scanning is the investigative method of choice. Endoscopic marsupialization followed by lacrimal duct irrigation is effective in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct cyst and results in complete resolution of symptoms.

Cysts↗
PubMed1999

Lacrimal gland abscess: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial dacryoadenitis is rare and suppuration leading to abscess formation within the lacrimal gland has been very rarely reported in the antibiotic era. METHODS: The medical records and investigation results, including computed tomography (CT), of two patients with lacrimal gland abscess were reviewed. RESULTS: Two cases of lacrimal gland abscess, one a 28-year-old male and the other a 64-year-old female, are described. Both demonstrated a characteristic low-density area within an enlarged lacrimal gland on CT. The first case had been treated with antibiotics and the abscess, when drained, was sterile. The second case settled spontaneously. Neither patient suffered any sequelae of dry eye. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, lacrimal gland abscess may still occur and may require surgical drainage if spontaneous resolution does not occur.

Abscess↗
PubMed2003

Pneumococcal keratitis: a clinical profile.

AIM: To study the clinical features of pneumococcal keratitis and response to ciprofloxacin therapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 58 patients with culture-proven pneumococcal keratitis seen over a period of 2 years. RESULTS: Pneumococcal keratitis accounted for 33.3% of bacterial keratitis. Most cases presented with non-severe keratitis (77.5%). Co-existing sac pathology was more frequent in pneumococcal ulcers as compared to non-pneumococcal bacterial ulcers (50%vs 9%, P < 0.001). Characteristic clinical features enabling an accurate clinical diagnosis were found in 27.5% and lanceolate diplococci on Gram's stain were identified in 76% of cases. In vitro testing showed a high susceptibility to cephazolin and ciprofloxacin. All patients received ciprofloxacin as first-line therapy. Eighty per cent responded well with complete healing of the ulcer. A second drug was required in 8.5%. CONCLUSION: Ciprofloxacin therapy can be effective in the treatment of pneumococcal keratitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with the use of a surgical microscope.

PURPOSE: Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is a serious chronic condition, treatment for which has not yet been successfully resolved. Several methods have been proposed for the management of chronic epiphora. A modified method of intranasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with the use of a surgical microscope is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The procedure is a modification to the West and Veis-Claus-Guttich method. The primary and late results of this method are presented for 53 patients over the past 7 years with chronic epiphora caused by stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct. Selection criteria included chronic epiphora, nasolacrimal duct stenosis due to Down syndrome, empyema of the lacrimal sac, and recurrence from previous operations. Patients were operated on under general anesthesia. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (96.3%) were free of symptoms postoperatively (mean follow-up time, 6 months). CONCLUSION: The simplicity of this method compared with traditional methods is correlated with excellent postoperative results and patient satisfaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of three congenital dacryocystoceles].

BACKGROUND: Congenital dacryocystocele has been rarely described in German literature. Congenital obstruction and distention of the lacrimal sac makes it necessary to differentiate for various causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three infants had congenital dacryocystocele. The diagnosis was made by sonography and was established by probing the lacrimal duct and nasal endoscopy that showed a white prominent tumor below the lowest conch. RESULTS: Directly after endonasal and canalicular opening of the dacryocystocele clear liquid with white detritus drained, and the swelling decreased. No further procedure was needed. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of dacryocystocele can be made by inspection, probing the lacrimal duct, ultrasound and nasal endoscopy. If probing of the lacrimal duct could not easily open the Hasner's membrane, endonasal opening can be performed. The cooperation with an ear-nose-throat specialist could lead to the diagnosis of dacryocystocele and sufficient treatment without the need for any further radiological examinations.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed2000

[20 MHz ultrasound diagnosis in chronic canaliculitis].

BACKGROUND: High frequency sonography is used with a medium frequency of 50 to 100 MHz for non-invasive examination of the anterior eye segment. 20-MHz probes are considered to be a cost-efficient alternative, with a lower resolution and a higher penetration depth. We examined the value of the 20-MHz probe in diagnosing chronic canaliculitis. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old woman was evaluated for a chronic canaliculitis. A pathognomonic sign of the chronic canaliculitis was the detection of concrements by high-resolution ultrasound. Grains measuring 1-2 mm in diameter could be shown in an ecstatic canaliculus with 20-MHz sonography. The high-resolution sonography showed the extent of the ectasia of the canaliculus and was therefore useful in planing the operative strategy. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of possibilities in diagnosing chronic canaliculitis is broadened with this diagnostic tool. Specially when characteristic symptoms are missing, the 20-MHz probe may be useful in diagnosing patients with chronic canaliculitis.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2002

[Sonographic diagnosis of congenital dacryocystocele].

AIM: Congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system occurs quite commonly. The reason is usually an impaired canalization at the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct with a residual membrane between the duct and the nasal cavity. Dacryocystocele is believed to result from a concomitant upper and lower system obstruction, causing fluid accumulation and distension of the lacrimal sac. The patient presents at birth with a tense, blue-grey swelling located just below the medial canthal tendon. The differential diagnosis for dacryocystocele includes haemangioma, encephalocele, glioma, dermoid cysts and malignant processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We demonstrate five typical cases to describe the sonographic features of dacryocystocele. RESULTS: Ultrasound is a simple, straight forward and gentle method to reliably distinguish dacryocystoceles from other pathologies. A sedation of the patient is not necessary. The sonographic appearance of a cystic mass medial and inferior of the orbit communicating with the dilated nasolacrimal duct as well as the typical content of fluid and debris was diagnostic of a nasolacrimal mucocele or dacryocystocele. Other more invasive imaging techniques as CT-scans and MRI are of benefit only if there is any doubt about the diagnosis.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed2005

[Bilateral lid swelling during infectious mononucleosis (Hoagland-sign)].

BACKGROUND: Infectious mononucleosis ("kissing disease") is an infection caused by Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV, human herpes virus 4). METHODS: We present the case of an 18-year old female patient with dacryoadenitis and sub-febrile temperatures followed by a distinct feeling of sickness. RESULTS: Laboratory results revealed a Leukocytosis of 16.3 G/I with explicit elevation of hepatic parameters. The ultrasound scan of the orbital region showed a bilateral, echo-reduced, compressible lesion in the area of the lachrymal gland. The abdomen-ultrasound scan revealed a splenomegaly and the size of the liver was within normal limits. Serology was positive for EBV-VCA-IgG, EBV-EA-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgM. CONCLUSIONS: A dacryoadenitis can be the presenting symptom of an infectious mononucleosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Radiation exposure of radiation-sensitive risk organs--ocular lens, parotid gland, thyroid gland--in dacryocystography and therapy].

PURPOSE: Evaluation of radiation dose to the radiosensitive head and neck organs and tissues-ocular lens, parotid and thyroid glands--during dacryocystography and fluoroscopy--guided dacryocystoplasty (DCP). METHOD: Radiation dose was determined in an Alderson Rando phantom and in 13 patients. Radiation dose was measured directly using Ca-F2-thermoluminescent dosimetry crystals (TLD) which were placed on each eyelid, parotid gland and thyroid gland. RESULTS: The mean radiation dose to the lens placed next to the path of radiation was 6.58 mGy in the Alderson-Rando phantom and 5.43 mGy in patients during DCP. The mean radiation dose to the contralateral lens was 1.37 mGy and 1.7 mGy to the parotid gland placed next to the x-ray tube. Radiation dose to the thyroid gland was max. 0.4 mGy during DCP. CONCLUSION: Radiation dose to the ocular lens, parotid gland and thyroid gland during fluoroscopy-guided DCP was 25 times higher than during diagnostic dacryocystography. The radiation dose to radiosensitive head and neck organs and tissues during fluoroscopy-guided DCP is much below the threshold dose for ocular lens cataract.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed1996

[Catheterization of the nasolacrimal duct].

A technique is described for passing a guide wire through the lacrimal duct into the nose following catheterisation of the duct. The wire is passed into the pharynx, a 7 F feeding tube is passed through the nose into the pharynx and these are then pulled out of the mouth with a Magill forceps. The tip of the feeding tube is then cut off and the guide wire introduced into a side hole of the catheter. By removing the catheter, the tip of the guide wire is pulled along and can be removed from the nose.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1998

[Endoscopy of the lacrimal ducts].

SUMMARY: The study presents a new technic for the examination of the lacrymal duct; i.e. the endoscopy. It demonstrates the advantages and permits to open up new ways to act on the lacrymal duct. METHODS AND PATIENTS: The seventy two patients examined by means of endoscopy between January 1997 and May 1997 have had all a clear pathology: epiphora, chronic or acute dacryocystite in a remission phase. Some patients were at the same time examined radiogically, by means of a dacryocystorhinography. RESULTS: In all the cases studied using both technics, the endoscopy made it possible to put into evidence the origin of the epiphora or the dacryocystite with a much higher precision than with radiographies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The endoscopy of the lacrymal duct is the best examination technic in the lacrymal pathology and should in a near future replace the dacryocystorhinography.

Dacryocystitis↗