SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Erysipelothrix”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus.

The objectives of this study were to determine if coinfection of segregated early weaned (SEW) pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) induces an increase in the incidence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) compared to singular PCV2 infection, and to determine if vaccination against PPV protects pigs against PMWS associated with PCV2/PPV coinfection in SEW pigs. Seventy, 3-week-old, SEW pigs were randomly assigned to one of the five groups. Pigs in group 1 (n = 14) served as the negative controls, group 2 pigs (n = 14) were inoculated with PCV2, group 3 pigs (n = 12) were inoculated with PPV, groups 4 (n = 16) and 5 (n = 14) pigs were inoculated with both PCV2 and PPV. Pigs in groups 1-3 and 5 were vaccinated with two doses of a killed parvovirus-leptospira-erysipelothrix (PLE) vaccine prior to inoculation. The PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs (groups 4 and 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher and more persistent fevers than the singular PCV2-infected pigs. One pig in each of the coinfected groups developed clinical disease (fever, respiratory disease, jaundice, weight loss) consistent with PMWS. Lymphoid depletion was significantly (P < 0.05) more severe in the dually-infected pigs at 42 days post-inoculation (DPI). Vaccinated, coinfected pigs (group 5) remained viremic significantly (P < 0.05) longer and had higher copy numbers of genomic PCV2 DNA in sera at 28, 35, and 42 DPI compared to the unvaccinated coinfected pigs (group 4). PPV-viremia was detected only in the unvaccinated group 4 pigs. PLE-vaccination prevented PPV-viremia but did not prevent clinical PMWS or reduce the severity of lymphoid depletion in PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs. Evidence of increased incidence of clinical PMWS due to vaccination was not observed in this model.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of the low toxic recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Bacillus brevis for the bacterial subunit or component vaccine in pigs and cattle.

A gene encoding the mature Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) lacking the nick site in the A subunit by deleting tripeptides was introduced in a vector pNH301 and expressed extracellularly as mutant molecule of holotoxin at high levels in Bacilus brevis HPD31-S5 of the host bacterium. The mucosal adjuvant activities of the produced mutant LT (mLT) preparation were studied in pigs and cattle. Intranasal immunization of pigs with the recombinant subunit vaccine of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae or the component vaccine of Bordetella bronchiseptica mixed with the mLT resulted in a substantial enhancement of both mucosal and serum-specific antibody levels. The immunized pigs were also protected when challenge-exposed intradermally with a highly virulent E. rhusiopathiae strain or challenge-exposed intranasally with a highly virulent strain of B. bronchiseptica. The mLT intranasally administered with recombinant intimin (an outer membrane adhesin) of E. coli O157:H7 also induced an elevation of IgA-specific antibody in the nasal secretion and saliva of calves as well as an elevation of IgG1-specific antibody level against the intimin in the sera and colostrum of cows. The three kinds tested protein antigens were poorly immunogenic when antigen administered intranasally alone. The mLT intranasally administered at a higher effective dose did not induce local adverse reactions or diarrhea in pigs and cattle. The present study demonstrates that the recombinant mLT produced using the B. brevis expression system might represent promising immunoadjuvants for the potential application of intranasal vaccines directed against infectious diseases in pigs and cattle.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1985

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Avarone and Avarol.

The sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone and quinone, Avarol and Avarone, were previously found to be potent antitumor agents (Müller et al., 1984). In the present study it is reported that in aqueous solution (pH 7.2), in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide, Avarol is converted to Avarone. Avarone and to a smaller extent also Avarol were active against a variety of grampositive bacterial species. The highest activity was determined for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (MIC 0.781 mg/l). The antibacterial activity can be augmented 2 to 4-fold by lowering the pH in the culture medium from 7.0 to 6.0. The efficiency of Avarone and Avarol was abolished in the presence of serum. No antibacterial activity was determined in gramnegative bacterial species. In addition, Avarol and to a smaller extent also Avarone displayed an antifungal activity on Trichophyton species and Microsporum canis (MIC: 15.6-62.5 mg/l), while Avarone and not Avarol was active on Aspergillus niger, no activity was found against Candida species. These data indicate that the antitumor agents Avarol/Avarone display also antibacterial- and antifungal activities against a limited range of microorganisms.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1996

An identification scheme for rapidly and aerobically growing gram-positive rods.

An identification scheme for aerobically growing Gram-positive rods (genera Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium, Aureobacterium, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Dermabacter, Erysipelothrix, Gardnerella, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Microbacterium, Oerskovia, Propionibacterium, Rhodococcus, Rothia, Turicella, as well as unnamed CDC groups, Clostridium tertium, and Mycobacterium fortuitum/chelonae) is presented. It is derived from the Hollis-Weaver scheme and uses catalase, oxidative/fermentative carbohydrate metabolism and motility as primary reactions. Tests for lipophilism, nitrate reduction, urease, esculin hydrolysis, the CAMP reaction, acid formation from five carbohydrates, as well as for some facultative reactions should lead to a correct diagnosis based on information available at the end of 1995.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1995

Insecticides: their effect on microorganisms and persistence in rice soil.

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four insecticides, HCH, phorate, carbofuran and fenvalerate, at recommended doses on the preponderance of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. We also measured the persistence of the insecticides in the rhizosphere soil of rice. HCH and fenvalerate stimulated the proliferation of all of the microorganisms significantly. Phorate increased the population of bacteria and actinomycetes. Carbofuran accentuated the preponderance of actinomycetes in soil. Insecticides, in general, did not have marked influence on the proliferation of Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus and Fusarium in soil. However, we observed a stimulation of growth of Staphylococcus, Proteus and Sarcina with HCH, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix and Rhizopus with phorate, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Rhizopus and Humicola with carbofuran, and Staphylococcus, Sarcina, Klebsiella and Nocardia with fenvalerate. On the other hand, there was an inhibition in growth of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Nocardia and Penicillium with HCH, of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Penicillium with carbofuran, and of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Micromonospora with fenvalerate. Different types of insecticides exhibited differential patterns of dissipation in soil. HCH had the highest persistence followed by phorate, carbofuran and fenvalerate, respectively.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2005

Wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus and other marine bacteria.

Infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus were first reported in 1979 by Blake et al. of the US Centers for Disease Control. At that time described as a 'rare, unnamed halophilic lactose-fermenting Vibrio species', V. vulnificus has emerged as the most virulent foodborne pathogen in the United States with a hospitalization rate of 0.910 and a case-fatality rate of 0.390. It is in addition a significant cause of potentially life-threatening wound infections. Infections following ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood, commonly raw oysters, can lead to a primary septicaemia with a fatality rate of 50-60%. An unusual symptom, occurring in 69% of 274 cases reviewed by Oliver, is the development of secondary lesions, typically on the extremities, which are generally severe (often a necrotizing fasciitis) and require tissue debridement or amputation. These cases occur almost exclusively in males over the age of 50 years. Interestingly, this gender specificity has been found to be due to the female hormone oestrogen, which in some manner provides protection against the lethal V. vulnificus endotoxin. Further, most cases occur in persons with certain underlying diseases which are either immunocompromising or which lead to elevated serum iron levels (e.g. liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, haemochromatosis). V. vulnificus infections resulting in primary septicaemia have been extensively studied, and the subject of several reviews. This review concentrates on the wound infections caused by this marine bacterial pathogen, including the more recently described biotypes 2 and 3, with brief discussions of those caused by other marine vibrios, and the increasingly reported wound/skin infections caused by Mycobacterium marinum, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Aeromnonas hydrophila.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Intrinsically vancomycin-resistant gram-positive organisms: clinical relevance and implications for infection control.

Intrinsic resistance to vancomycin in gram-positive bacteria presumably predates acquired vancomycin resistance in enterococci but it has only recently generated interest. Intrinsically resistant enterococci possessing the vanC gene and the non-enterococcal genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Erysipelothrix are known to cause human infection. This review examines the available data on their identification, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, clinical infections and antimicrobial susceptibility. Intrinsically vancomycin-resistant gram-positives are usually opportunistic pathogens. Although serious infections may occur, treatment options remain available. No additional infection control measures for the intrinsically resistant genera appear justified with currently available evidence, although vigilance should be maintained to detect future changes in susceptibility patterns.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1999

Bacteriologic analysis of infected dog and cat bites. Emergency Medicine Animal Bite Infection Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: To define better the bacteria responsible for infections of dog and cat bites, we conducted a prospective study at 18 emergency departments. To be eligible for enrollment, patients had to meet one of three major criteria for infection of a bite wound (fever, abscess, and lymphangitis) or four of five minor criteria (wound-associated erythema, tenderness at the wound site, swelling at the site, purulent drainage, and leukocytosis). Wound specimens were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria at a research microbiology laboratory and, in some cases, at local hospital laboratories. RESULTS: The infected wounds of 50 patients with dog bites and 57 patients with cat bites yielded a median of 5 bacterial isolates per culture (range, 0 to 16) at the reference laboratory. Significantly more isolates grew at the reference laboratory than at the local laboratories (median, 1; range, 0 to 5; P<0.001). Aerobes and anaerobes were isolated from 56 percent of the wounds, aerobes alone from 36 percent, and anaerobes alone from 1 percent; 7 percent of cultures had no growth. Pasteurella species were the most frequent isolates from both dog bites (50 percent) and cat bites (75 percent). Pasteurella canis was the most common isolate of dog bites, and Past. multocida subspecies multocida and septica were the most common isolates of cat bites. Other common aerobes included streptococci, staphylococci, moraxella, and neisseria. Common anaerobes included fusobacterium, bacteroides, porphyromonas, and prevotella. Isolates not previously identified as human pathogens included Reimerella anatipestifer from two cat bites and Bacteroides tectum, Prevotella heparinolytica, and several porphyromonas species from dog and cat bites. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from two cat bites. Patients were most often treated with a combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic and a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which, on the basis of the microbiologic findings, was appropriate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Infected dog and cat bites have a complex microbiologic mix that usually includes pasteurella species but may also include many other organisms not routinely identified by clinical microbiology laboratories and not previously recognized as bite-wound pathogens.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Molecular cloning and analysis of a HSP (heat shock protein)-like 42 kDa antigen gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

The recombinant clone expressing the 42 kDa protein (P42) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in Escherichia coli was analyzed. The 4.4 kb HindIII-Xmal DNA fragment expressing the p42 gene product encodes three ORFs: p42 and p16 in the forwarding strand, p24 in the reverse strand. Sequence comparisons revealed that p42 could be part of a p65 gene, and has 62% identities with Mycoplasma genitalium HSP70 gene and 56% identities with Bacillus subtilis dnaK gene; p16 and p24 genes share 73% and 47% identities with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae dnaJ gene and Pseudomonas fluorescens uvrC gene, respectively. Further analysis demonstrated that P42 is indeed a heat shock protein and the monospecific antibodies against P42 can block the growth of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

New consensus guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria.

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recently published a new laboratory guideline for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently encountered or fastidious bacteria not covered in previous CLSI publications. The organisms include Aeromonas species, Bacillus species, and Vibrio species that may cause infections following environmental exposure. Fastidious organisms that may cause endocarditis or medical device infections include Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species; coryneform bacteria; Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella group gram-negative rods; and the instrinsically vancomycin-resistant gram-positive organisms Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus species. Organisms not previously covered in depth in CLSI guidelines include Branhamella catarrhalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Listeria species, and Pasteurella species. Clinically important drug resistance has been reported for each of these organisms. The guidelines provide recommendations for when it may be important to test these organisms, how standard methods may be easily adapted for testing, and appropriate interpretive criteria for results. Communication with infectious diseases clinicians prior to performing such testing is emphasized.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1975

Bacterial endocarditis produced by Listeria monocytogenes. Case presentation and review of literature.

A patient with endocarditis produced by Listeria monocytogenes is presented, the twelfth such case reported. A review of the available literature shows that the infection has involved only the left side of the heart, has not been associated with debilitating diseases, and carries a significant mortality rate. Otherwise, clinical and laboratory features have been the same as those of usual forms of bacterial endocarditis. It is pointed out that the Listeria organism is commonly mistaken for Erysipelothrix and diphtheroids and that a battery of tests should be employed before one disregards these microorganisms as "contaminants".

Aged↗

PubMed1977

Corynebacterium equi infection complicating neoplastic disease.

Corynebacterium equi, a soil-residing diphtheroid pathogenic in horses, swine and cows, caused pulmonary infection with bacteremia in two patients with lymphomas. Both patients were being treated with immunosuppressive therapy, as were the patients in three previously reported human cases. Unless certain characteristics of these organisms are recognized, they may be regarded as normal flora or contaminating diphtheroids. They could also be mistaken for other gram-positive rods, such as Bacillus species, Listeria monocytogenes, or Erysipelothrix insidiosa. C. equi isolates have usually been sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and carbenicillin. One of the patients reported here was successfully treated with erythromycin, tetracycline, and surgery.

Corynebacterium Infections↗

PubMed1988

Conjugative acquisition and expression of antibiotic resistance determinants in Listeria spp.

Elements encoding various antibiotic resistances were transferred to Listeria species by conjugation with Streptococcus donor strains. Transfer of a conjugative resistance plasmid, pIP501, and of a conjugative transposon, Tn916, occurred at a frequency of about 10(-6). A previously described conjugative cryptic plasmid, pRYC16, could mobilize a non-conjugative resistance plasmid, pBD10, between Listeria strains. In all cases the resistance determinants were stably-inherited by Listeria and could be retransferred to other members of this genus and to Streptococcus or Erysipelothrix strains by conjugation. Listeria transconjugants expressed resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin at similar levels to those observed in other plasmid containing Gram-positive organisms.

Conjugation, Genetic↗

PubMed1998

In-vitro activity of the new ketolide antibiotic HMR 3647 against gram-positive bacteria.

The comparative in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a new ketolide antibiotic, was investigated against 492 clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria, including multiply resistant strains, by an agar-dilution technique. All streptococci tested were inhibited by the new ketolide at concentrations < or = 0.5 mg/L. HMR 3647 was more potent than erythromycin against staphylococci. For enterococci the new compound yielded an MIC90 of 8 mg/L. Erysipelothrix spp., Pediococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Lactobacillus spp., JK diphtheroids and Listeria monocytogenes were also susceptible to the new ketolide.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1997

Phylogenetic analysis of mycoplasmas based on Hsp70 sequences: cloning of the dnaK (hsp70) gene region of Mycoplasma capricolum.

A 5.0-kb region containing the hsp70 (dnaK) gene was cloned from Mycoplasma capricolum and sequenced. In addition to the hsp70 gene, this sequence region also contained the complete sequences for the grpE and orfA genes and partial sequences for the clpB and dnaJ genes. The order of the above gene sequences in the cloned fragment was found to be clpB-orfA-grpE-hsp70-dnaJ, which is similar to the order seen in various other gram-positive groups of bacteria. The Hsp70 homologs from two mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma capricolum and Mycoplasma genitalium, contain a number of sequence signatures, including the absence of a large insert in the N-terminal quadrant, that are characteristics of the homologs from gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria. A detailed phylogenetic analysis based on Hsp70 sequences was also performed. In neighbor-joining and parsimony trees based on Hsp70 sequences, both mycoplasma species branched with the low-G + C-content gram-positive group of bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Erysipelothrix species) in 87% and 96% of the bootstrap replicates, respectively, indicating their close evolutionary relationship to this group. The phylogenetic trees based on Hsp70 sequences show a polyphyletic branching of archaebacteria with the gram-postive species, which is statistically strongly favored.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2000

Bulleidia extructa gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavity.

Five strains of anaerobic non-sporing Gram-positive bacilli isolated from advanced periodontitis (four strains) and a dentoalveolar abscess (one strain) that did not correspond to existing species were subjected to phenotypic and genetic characterization. Following 16S rDNA sequence analysis, they were found to constitute a novel branch of the low G+C Gram-positive division of the phylogenetic tree related to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Holdemania filiformis. A new genus Bulleidia, and the species Bulleidia extructa, are proposed. Growth of B. extructa in broth media was poor but was enhanced by the addition of fructose, glucose or maltose together with Tween 80. Glucose and maltose were fermented and arginine was hydrolysed. Acetate, lactate and trace amounts of succinate were the end products of glucose fermentation. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 38 mol%. The type strain of Bulleidia extructa is DSM 13220T.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗

PubMed1980

A taxonomic study of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) Gardner and Dukes 1955.

Fifty-five strains received as Haemophilus vaginalis or as catalase-negative coryneform bacteria from the vagina together with 61 marker cultures were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 149 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the average linkage algorithm. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 6 . 5%. The H. vaginalis strains formed a tight cluster which was only distantly related to representatives of the genera arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium sensu stricto, Erysipelothrix, Haemophilus, Kurthia, Lactobacillus, Listeria and Propionibacterium but shared a high overall affinity to unclassified catalase-negative coryneforms which formed a discrete taxon, cluster 9. The H. vaginalis strains could be distinguished from the related strains in cluster 9 by several unrelated phenotypic characters. Using the S1 endonuclease assay, DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed with representative strains from the numerical as well as with reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces. Haemophilus vaginalis was found to be a genotypically legitimate group and its DNA showed little homology with DNA from the marker strains tested. The DNA base composition of H. vaginalis was 42 to 44 mol % guanine plus cytosine. A new genus should be created to incorporate strains known as H. vaginalis or Corynebacterium vaginale. The name Gardnerella vaginalis proposed by Greenwood & Pickett (1979) is supported.

Base Composition↗

PubMed1981

A numerical taxonomic study of members of the Actinomycetaceae and related taxa.

Two hundred and twenty-two representatives of the Actinomycetaceae and related taxa, including reference cultures, received strains and fresh isolates, were tested using 124 unit characters. The data were examined using numerical taxonomic techniques with various coefficients and average linkage clustering; the variation in composition of the clusters obtained from the different coefficients was slight. Most species included in the study formed discrete phena, which exhibited good differential characters. Actinomyces israelii was particularly well-defined and A. naeslundii and A. viscosus, although grouping together, did show divergence in several test results. Actinomyces bovis was initially linked with representatives of genera other than Actinomyces, these being Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The strains of Bacterionema matruchotii and Rothia dentocariosa formed tight distinct clusters associated only at low similarity levels with other members of the family Actinomycetaceae. The Arachnia propionica phenon, although well-defined, appeared to consist of two subclusters which could be assigned to serotypes 1 and 2. Tests which may be useful in identification are tabulated and the relationships between the various taxa are discussed.

Actinomycetaceae↗