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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Results of vaginal cytology studies and examination of the arborization phenomenon of the vaginal mucus for the determination of estrus cycle activity in sheep].

Vaginal smears were taken by means of a metal spatula from the dorsal part of the vaginal vestibule of sexually mature sheep with intach genitals for the purpose of following up changes in the vaginal cell structure. The smears were taken daily over the whole testing period of 35 days. The cells were defferentiated by means of the dyeing method according to Papanicolaou as well as by using Shorr's staining which had been modified according to Pundel. Differentiation was made between occurrences ob basal, parabasal, intermediary, and superficial cells, with the view to figuring out the cycle phases. That vaginal smear method, when used in two or three folloow-up examinations on the basis of random checks, has proved to enable determination of cyclic activity of a complete herd. This is of great importance to heart synchronization or heart induction, since all results so far have shown that all success depended strongly on the given degree of cyclic activity of the sheep concerned.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A field study on embryo transfer in cattle.

Thirty-five 4-day-old embryos were surgically collected from 5 Fleckvieh and 3 Gelbviehheifers. The embryos were transported by air on the same day to a distant rach where 34 embryos were surgically transferred via the flank into recipient cows. Nineteen recipient cows were diagnosed pregnant at approximately 50 days.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Signs of estrus in an ovariectomized ferret].

Signs of oestrus, including vulvar swelling and alopecia are frequently seen in ovariectomized ferrets. Between 1997 and 1999, 25 ovariectomized ferrets presented with symptoms of vulvar swelling and symmetric alopecia at the University Clinic of Companion Animals. In 18 of these animals, ovarian remnants were found. To prevent failure to remove all ovarian tissue in the ferret, thorough identification of the ovaries, which are surrounded by large fat deposits, is necessary. The incision should be long enough to allow good visualization of the surgical field.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2001

Postovulatory effect of intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli, O55:B5) on the endocrine status of recently ovulated sows.

The effects of lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli, O55:B5), administered 18 h after ovulation in the second oestrus after weaning on the hormonal profiles in 14 Swedish cross-bred (Landrace x Yorkshire) multiparous sows were studied. The endotoxin group (E-group) sows were administered with 300 ng/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whereas the control group (C-group) sows were administered 5 ml of saline intravenously via an indwelling jugular cannula. Blood samples for hormonal analyses were collected from all sows until slaughter. In the E-group, progesterone, cortisol and prostaglandin F(2 alpha) metabolite levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) following LPS compared with the C-group. It can be concluded from this study that apart from elevating cortisol and prostaglandin F(2 alpha) metabolite, LPS also elevates progesterone levels.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[The optimal mating time in the bitch based on the progesterone concentration in peripheral blood. A comparison of reliability between three ELISA test kits and a 125-iodine radioimmunoassay].

During oestrus the plasma progesterone concentration can be used to determine the optimal time for mating in the dog. In this study, the optimal time for mating for 26 bitches was determined by measuring progesterone concentrations with three ELISA test kits and a 125I-radioimmunoassay (125I-RIA). Two observers evaluated the ELISA results simultaneously. They graded the results independently and did not know which dog was being tested. For both observers, the optimal time for mating, based on progesterone concentrations measured with the Progesterone Small Rapid ELISA test and the Status-Pro test, differed significantly from that based on progesterone concentrations measured by 125I-RIA. Although the optimal time for mating based on the Ovucheck Premate test did not differ significantly from that based on the 125I-RIA, three out of 14 dogs (21%) for observer one and four out of 14 dogs (29%) for observer two would have been mated on a different day than that determined on the basis of results obtained with the 125I-RIA. The results did not change when the advised period for mating based on the RIA results was extended by two days. It is concluded that the progesterone concentrations measured with the ELISA test kits are too inaccurate for clinical use to determine the optimal time for mating. The only reliable results for determining the optimal mating period are obtained when plasma progesterone concentrations are measured with a RIA.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of the GnRH analogue deslorelin for suppression of oestrous cycles in cats.

The aim of this study was to develop a method for long-term but reversible inhibition of oestrous cycles in female cats by downregulation of GnRH receptors with deslorelin released from a long-acting implant. In a blind study with mature cats (n = 20), a 6 mg deslorelin implant was administered s.c. to ten cats and a placebo implant was administered to ten cats. Occurrence of oestrus and general health were observed daily, and individual faecal samples were collected at 3 day intervals for 14 months and analysed for oestradiol content. All the placebo-treated queens continued to undergo normal oestrous cycles during the study. Oestrus was accompanied by peaks in oestradiol concentrations of > or = 20 ng g-1 faeces. Treatment with deslorelin initially stimulated oestradiol release, which accompanied treatment-induced ovulations. Thereafter, oestradiol concentrations decreased to 1-10 ng g-1 faeces and remained low for extended periods. Observations of small increases in oestradiol concentrations in one cat led to a second treatment with 6 mg deslorelin in five cats on day 155 after first treatment. Faecal oestradiol concentrations remained < 20 ng g-1 faeces in the five single treatment cats for 8.0, 8.5, 11.0 and 14.0 (two cats) months. Cats receiving two implants had the first oestradiol peak > 20 ng g-1 faeces after treatment at 7.5, 11.0 (two cats), 11.5 and 14.0 months. After 14 months, two cats had returned to normal cyclic activity, two had irregular small oestrogen peaks and six showed no cyclic activity. For months 2-5, 6-10 and 11-14, oestrogen values in treated cats were significantly different from control values (P < 0.001, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). Differences in oestrogen concentration between control cats and cats that were treated twice were significant (P < 0.001) during months 6-10 only. The general health of treated cats was unchanged throughout the study. These results confirm that deslorelin can effectively suppress ovarian activity in domestic cats, but that the duration of suppression varies among individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Artificial insemination with frozen semen in dogs: a retrospective study.

In a retrospective study, from 1994 to 1998, of inseminations with frozen semen in dogs, a total of 312 bitches of 70 different breeds were inseminated with imported (n = 183) or domestic (n = 129) semen. The overall whelping rate was 70% and mean (+/- SEM) litter size was 5.3 +/- 0.2 pups. The whelping rate was higher after intrauterine insemination (71%; n = 305) than after intravaginal insemination (29%; n = 7; P < 0.05). Timing of insemination was crucial; timing classified as optimal resulted in a higher whelping rate and larger litter size (P < 0.05) than did timing classified as early, late or too late. In the too late category, none of the bitches (n = 5) whelped. For optimal timing, whelping rate and mean (+/- SEM) litter size were 76% (n = 252) and 5.6 +/- 0.2, for early 33% (n = 6) and 1.5 +/- 0.5, and for late 47% (n = 19) and 2.8 +/- 0.7. Two inseminations yielded a higher whelping rate (P < 0.05) and greater mean litter size (P < 0.05) than that of one insemination, 77% and 5.6 +/- 0.3, and 60% and 4.6 +/- 0.3, respectively. However, the results obtained after one insemination were poorer partly because of an over-representation of late insemination in this group. Semen classified as of poor quality (progressive motility < 50% or percentage of abnormal spermatozoa > 20%) gave a lower whelping rate (53%) than did semen of medium (progressive motility = 50%) or good quality (progressive motility > 50% and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa < 20%), which gave whelping rates of 76 and 74%, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean litter sizes were not significantly different. Eighty-two per cent of bitches (120 of 147) inseminated twice into the uterus at a time classified as optimal with frozen semen of good or medium quality whelped. The mean (+/- SEM) litter size was 5.6 +/- 0.3 pups in this group. These results show the potential of transcervical intrauterine insemination for routine artificial insemination in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Fertility and sterility in domestic animals].

For most of the domestic animals the fertility rate is generally very good. If a uniparous female animal is served during the oestrus period by a male with good sperm quality, the pregnancy rate is 60 to 70%. Among the animals that deliver more than one offspring, in many cases the pregnancy rate even reaches more than 90%. Nevertheless, veterinarians are very frequently consulted for fertility problems in individual animals or in cattle or swine herds. The main causes of subfertility are: Insufficient sperm quality An inseminator with insufficient professional knowledge. The majority of the cows, horses and pigs are inseminated artificially (AI). The insemination is not always carried out by experts. Not the right time for insemination. It especially occurs in animals with weak oestrus symptoms. Venereal infections. In earlier days these infections would occur very often. Due to the application of AI, most of these infections have been eradicated. The malfunctioning of the female genital system, which can be caused by various factors, such as cystic ovarian follicles, endometritis and anatomic abnormalities. The research on reproduction which has been going on during the past ten years in the department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, has been mainly concerned with: Embryo transplantation, in vitro fertilisation and ovum pick up The evaluation of sperm quality Improved freezing methods for both sperm and embryo's The development of new insemination techniques The composition of a new diluent for fresh sperm Cystic ovarian follicles in cows Subfertility in different species of animals Next to the above mentioned study fields, the department is also involved in the research into swine fever, respiratory diseases in pigs, antibiotic resistance in pigs and cattle, mastitis and metabolic problems in cattle and salmonella infections in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effects of boar stimuli on the follicular phase and on oestrous behaviour in sows.

This review describes the role of boar stimuli in receptive behaviour, and the influence of boar stimuli during the follicular phase. Receptive behaviour (standing response) in an oestrous sow is elicited by boar stimuli, which can be olfactory, auditory, tactile, or visual. The relative importance of these stimuli is not clear. Individually, olfactory and tactile stimuli elicit a standing response in a variable percentage of sows, depending on the study, but not in all sows. Nevertheless, both tactile and olfactory stimuli seem essential to elicit a standing response. Contact with a boar is always more potent than combinations of boar stimuli. Intensive boar contact can cause habituation, reducing the responsiveness to boar stimuli. It is not clear how behavioural oestrus is 'prepared' at the brain level. Oestrogens are a key factor in the neuroendocrine maturation that precedes oestrus. The opioid peptide system is probably also involved. Once a sow is in oestrus, the neuroendocrinological events that are triggered by boar stimuli, and that induce a standing response, are not well understood. Oxytocin and prolactin are both released during a standing response, and again, the opioid peptide system seems to be involved. Boar stimuli are also important during the follicular phase. In gilts and sows, follicle development and (first) oestrus is advanced by boar exposure. Although there is very little evidence for this, an increase in LH secretion, caused by contact with a boar, is probably the explanation. With respect to this mechanism, habituation to boar stimuli might also play a role.

Animals↗