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PubMed1980

The medical technologist and evaluation of health technologies.

Increased social pressure for accountability in the medical care fields and recognition that new and expensive health care technologies have limited impact on health status has brought acknowledgment that the United States has no rational approach to identification, evaluation, and implementation of innovative medical technologies. As in other health care sectors, comprehensive and long-range evaluation of impacts of new medical laboratory technology on both the laboratory and the patient are lacking. It is evident that as questions concerning cost effectiveness are raised, more rigorous evaluation of laboratory technologies must be undertaken. Federal legislation has mandated creation of a National Center for Health Care Technology (NCHCT) with a primary mission to stimulate assessment of health care technologies. This legislation could provide the basis for a more rational approach to technology assessment. Potential implications of technology assessment on laboratory practices and third party reimbursement policy, as well as potential opportunities for laboratory professionals, are discussed.

Government Agencies↗
PubMed1993

Laboratory-based reporting of AIDS.

To improve the speed and completeness of AIDS reporting, the Philadelphia Board of Health adopted regulations requiring medical laboratories to report directly to the Department of Public Health all results indicative of AIDS-defining diagnoses. Reports were used to focus active AIDS surveillance on physicians who had requested laboratory reports whose results were likely to have diagnosed AIDS recently. One year after implementation, laboratories provided the first lead to 20% of all AIDS reports. Reports originating with laboratories reach our data base sooner after diagnosis and ascertain a slightly higher proportion of women than do other reports. Laboratory-based reporting offers a practical way to focus the limited resources available for active surveillance on health providers likely to have an AIDS diagnosis to report.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Defining the typical work environment for assisted reproductive technology laboratories in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To determine time and staffing requirements as they relate to laboratory personnel in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART). DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Assisted reproductive technology clinics in the United States. PERSONNEL: All personnel working in ART laboratories, which included laboratory directors and technicians (those laboratory personnel trained in specific areas of embryology, andrology, and endocrinology). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES(S): Frequencies were determined for time and staffing requirements as they pertained to individuals and procedures (e.g., oocyte retrieval, embryo transfer, semen analysis, hormone assay, etc.) performed in embryology, andrology, and endocrine laboratories. RESULT(S): Two different surveys of ART clinics in the United States were combined in this report. The average technician worked 40 hours a week, whereas the average laboratory director worked 49 hours per week. The average embryologist performed 181 procedures (not cases) per year. The average andrologist performed 648 procedures (not cases) per year, while the average endocrinologist completed 2,673 procedures (not cases) per year. CONCLUSION(S): This is the first report to describe time and staffing requirements as they relate to the laboratory personnel in an ART facility.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

What's hot in animal biosafety?

In recent years, the emergence or re-emergence of critical issues in infectious disease and public health has presented new challenges and opportunities for laboratory animal care professionals. The re-emergence of bioterrorism as a threat activity of individuals or small groups has caused a heightened awareness of biosecurity and improved biosafety. The need for animal work involving high-risk or high-consequence pathogens and for arthropod-borne diseases has stimulated renewed interest in animal biosafety matters, particularly for work in containment. Application of these principles to animals retained in outdoor environments has been a consequence of disease eradication programs. The anticipated global eradication of wild poliovirus has prompted the promulgation of new biosafety guidelines for future laboratory and animal work. Increased concern regarding the use of biologically derived toxins and hazardous chemicals has stimulated a new categorization of facility containment based on risk assessment. Recognition that prion disease agents and other high-consequence pathogens require safe handling and thorough destruction during terminal decontamination treatment has led to the development of new biosafety guidelines and technologies. The implementation of these guidelines and technologies will promote state-of-the-art research while minimizing risk to laboratory animals, researchers, and the environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Detection of lupus anticoagulant--an Australian perspective.

The detection of lupus anticoagulant is important in laboratory evaluation of patients with thrombotic tendencies. The aim of this workshop was to assess the effectiveness of Australian laboratories in detecting these antibodies and assess the tests used. Fourteen laboratories took part in the exercise, held as a Workshop of the National Meeting of Australian Medical Laboratory Scientists in 1990. Seven unknown plasmas were distributed for testing prior to the meeting. While 100% correctly identified 3 strong inhibitors and a moderate strength inhibitor, the detection rate for specific individual tests varied from 38-100%. The detection rate for 2 weak inhibitors varied from 0-50%. Of the most commonly performed tests the least sensitive was the dilute Russell's viper venom time and the most sensitive was the tissue thromboplastin inhibition test, however, the degree of sensitivity seemed dependent on the source of thromboplastin. In some laboratories the Kaolin clotting time, with variations, was more sensitive. All participants correctly identified a factor VIII inhibitor as not of the lupus type. The false positive detection rate was 0%. All but one of the participating laboratories used 2 or more phospholipid dependent tests for the analysis of lupus anticoagulant (LA) which is in keeping with current international guidelines.

Australia↗