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PubMedDate not supplied

Regulatory role of prostaglandins in the vascular system.

It is reported that noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction initiates generation of prostaglandins of the E series by vasculas walls. These endogenous prostaglandins attenuate the vasoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline. Inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis (indomethacin, mefenamic acid) abolish acute tolerance to noradrenaline infusions and counteract hypotension which is induced in cats by injection of endotoxin or by injection of rat blood.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Quinacrine sterilization (QS) experience in the Philippines: a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: The first clinical trial of Quinacrine Sterilization (QS) in the Philippines was undertaken in Cebu City on January 10, 2000, to evaluate the acceptability, safety, effectiveness and side effects of this technology. We intend to recruit 500 patients to utilize this technique for limiting family size. For the purposes of this report, our cut-off date is April 11, 2003. METHODS: Over more than two years, QS was performed on 36 volunteer patients. After careful explanation of the procedure and given the opportunity to ask questions, they had signed an informed consent. The trial involved transcervical insertion of 252 mg quinacrine in the form of pellets, and placed at the tip of the uterine fundus on two occasions, a month apart. Condoms were routinely provided to all patients except those on oral contraceptive pills and DMPA after the first insertion to be used for six weeks after the second one. As the numbers are small, no statistical evaluation was called for. RESULTS: The accumulated experience was 515 woman-months. There were no pregnancies, neither ectopic nor intrauterine: Adverse events (AE) were mild. Some patients complained of a yellow discharge and itching. Fifty percent experienced mild abdominal discomfort which was easily managed with mefenamic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Although this is a small study, we believe that QS is both safe and effective and we are strongly encouraged to continue to offer this nonsurgical sterilization method to our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of asthma relieved by aspirin--the first case in Japan and investigation of its mechanism].

We report a case of asthma that was relieved by aspirin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The patient, a 51-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital because of an asthmatic attack. Onset of asthma had occurred at the age of 40 years, after a flu-like infection, and was preceded for several years by perennial rhinitis and loss of the sense of smell. The course was perennial, and unrelated to the seasons. These clinical features resembled those of aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). Therefore, suspecting AIA, we performed a aspirin-DL-lysine iv challenge test. After aspirin-DL-lysine injection, FEV1 was increased by about 30% and nasal obstruction was improved. Other cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, mefenamic acid, ketoprofen) also improved FEV1 by more than 30%. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HCs) improved FEV1 about 20%. Lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA861) produced an evident attack, but continued administration did not result in complete tolerance. On the other hand, seven other AIA patients showed no reaction to AA861. DSCG had an acute bronchodilative effect similar to that of AIA. Paraben and chloramphenicol sodium succinate (CMs) produced an asthmatic attack. The present patient showed a marked improvement in response to cyclooxygenase inhibitors and HCs, in contrast to the situation in AIA, and developed an evident asthmatic attack in response to lipoxygenase inhibitor. He showed marked improvement in the response to DSCG and developed an asthmatic attack in response to paraben and CMs, as in AIA. Our results suggest an abnormality of Arachidonic acid metabolism not only in AIA but also in asthma relieved by aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aspirin↗
PubMed1992

[Migraine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

Controlled studies of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the management of migraine attacks or for the prophylactic long-term treatment of migraine are reviewed herein. A large number of NSAIDs have been tested against a placebo or reference drug, including aspirin, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen and sodium naproxen, diclofenac and lornoxicam. For the treatment of acute attacks, published studies found that the NSAIDs were significantly more effective than the placebo and at least as effective as the reference drugs. Adverse effects were absent or mild in this indication. Studies of NSAIDs as prophylactic treatment of migraine attacks are less numerous but also point to the value of this approach. However, long-term use of NSAIDs is associated with side-effects, mainly involving the gastrointestinal tract.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1996

Positive drug screen for benzodiazepine due to a chinese herbal product.

A female athlete tested positive for benzodiazepine on a random drug screen. She denied taking any illicit or prescription drugs. The positive screen was found to be caused by undeclared addiction of diazepam to a Chinese herbal product, "Miracle Herb." Some foreign vitamins, health care products, or herbal tea may contain banned or dangerous additives unknown to the consumer. These additives may include ingredients such as benzodiazepine, mefenamic acid, or corticosteroids. Possible physical harm may result when using products containing these undeclared additives. Team physicians and athletic trainers should educate athletes about the purchase and use of vitamins, herbal teas, and substances that are perceived to be performance-enhancing products, especially those manufactured outside the United States.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

In vitro interactions of captopril with NSAID's.

Captopril is effective in the treatment of hypertension of all grades of severity. Present paper deals with the in vitro availability studies of captopril in presence and absence of commonly used NSAID's likes diclofenac sodium, flurbiprofen, mefenamic acid, meloxicam and tiaprofenic acid. Since it had been established that simultaneous administration of both drugs may alter the antihypertensive effect of captopril. In order to find out the kinetics and energitics of captopril in presence of NSAID's, these studies were carried out in buffers of pH 4, 7.4 and 9 at 37 degrees C and at elevated temperatures. These studies clearly indicate that most of the NSAID's bind to captopril, forming charge-transfer complexes revealing that the availability of captopril can be affected by the concurrent administration of NSAID's. Accordingly coadministration of both the drugs should be avoided.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of oral administration of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bone growth and bone wound healing in mice].

Morphometric and microdensitometric studies on normal bone growth and bone wound healing in growing ICR strain male mice were carried out as preliminary investigations. Then the effects of oral administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bone growth and bone wound healing were studied. Femur length and width, and bone mineral contents in the femur as judged by microdensitometry of the soft x-ray films of the cortical portion of the femur showed time-dependent linear increase between 3 and 6 weeks of age. Wound holes were made in the parietal bones of mice with a dental bar at 4 weeks of age, and uncalcified area in the holes was determined by image analysis of soft x-ray films. The area decreased their size with the advance in age, especially a marked decrease was observed 2 weeks after the operation. From the above results, 4 week-old male mice were employed and 8 kinds of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, 1 mg/kg; mefenamic acid, 10 mg/kg; flufenamic acid, 10 mg/kg; diclofenac sodium, 1 mg/kg; ibuprofen, 10 mg/kg; naproxen, 10 mg/kg; phenylbutazone, 10 mg/kg and aspirin, 50 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), a steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered orally every day for 9 or 11 days except Sunday, and 15 days after the initial administration, the length and width of the femur were measured. The bone mineral contents were determined by microdensitometry of the soft x-ray film of the femur. Hydroxyproline contents of the femur were also determined. Wound holes were made in the parietal bones at 4 week-old and administered the drugs from one day before the operation for 9 days and the uncalcified area in the wound hole was determined 2 weeks after the operation with an image analyzer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. A significant inhibition of the growth in length of the femur was observed by dexamethasone, diclofenac sodium and naproxen administration for 9 and 11 days. A significant inhibition of the growth in width was also observed by dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium administration for 9 days and by dexamethasone administration for 11 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Induction of cleft palate in mice by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis.

The present study investigates the effects of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on mouse palatal fusion in vivo and in vitro. Five different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were injected into pregnant mice of the AKR-strain on day 13.5 of gestation. Paired palatal processes from 13.5- and 14.5-day-old mouse embryos were organ-cultured for 72 hours in control and anti-inflammatory drug-containing media. Each experimental group of animals and explants received one of the following drugs: naproxen, sulindac, indomethacin, diclofenac, and mefenamic acid. Drug treatment induced different frequencies of cleft palate in the offspring. The most teratogenic drug was sulindac, and indomethacin was almost ineffective. In vitro each drug prevented fusion of the palatine processes in treated explants, and the degree of inhibition was dependent on the stage of development at the time of explanation. In both the in vivo and in vitro experiments, the drugs prevented medial epithelial cell breakdown that normally occurs in the medial secondary palatal epithelium. The results obtained in the present study suggest that prostaglandins may play an important role in normal differentiation of the developing palatine region.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Premenstrual syndrome: current knowledge and management.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has become a popular self-diagnosis. Faulty research has led to confusion about the diagnosis, epidemiologic features, causes and treatment of this disorder. There is no proof that the premenstrual period is a time of increased violence. An association between menstrually related mood disorders and other psychiatric illness is also unproven. Despite many theories no definitive cause of PMS has been established, and controlled studies of various treatments have failed to find a universally effective approach. Conservative measures involving support, diet and exercise seem to help in most cases. The use of alprazolam and mefenamic acid may help some women. Rectal or vaginal progesterone therapy has been proven ineffective and should not be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal rheumatic disorders. View of the pediatrician.

Neonatal lupus is a unique clinical entity characterized primarily by cutaneous or cardiac injury. Dermatitis usually resolves without significant residual effects but heart block may be irreversible and life threatening during the neonatal period. SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La antibodies of maternal origin are present in the serum of the mother and affected infant and are markers for this syndrome. For many mothers breast feeding is the preferred choice for infant nutrition. With proper guidance, lactating mothers may safely use several antirheumatic medications such as ibuprofen, piroxicam, flurbiprofen, diclofenac, mefenamic acid, prednisone, sulfasalazine, and methotrexate.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of some anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs and hydrocortisone on the EEG effects of pentazocine, chlorpromazine and pentobarbital.

Pentazocine administered in doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg i.v. produced EEG synchronization with dose-dependent relationships. When this drug was associated with anti-inflammatory compounds such as mefenamic acid or indomethacin, the EEG effect was decreased. The same occurred also when pentazocine, 5 mg/Kg, was combined with hydrocortisone. There were no changes on the EEG effects of pentobarbital and chlorpromazine when these drugs were associated with hydrocortisone and sodium salicylate. The significance of these effects is discussed in terms of a possible interaction between the central mechanisms of pentazocine's action and some anti-inflammatory agents and hydrocortisone. Since this interaction does not happen with other drugs which produce EEG synchronization, such as pentobarbital and chlorpromazine, a different mechanism might be involved.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and lithium salts].

Since the first observation in 1978, it has been clearly established that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) interfere with the pharmacokinetics of lithium: by reducing urinary clearance of the metal, they can raise the plasma lithium level and thus lead to intoxication. Among the NSAIDs available in France, this interaction has been reported with phenylbutazone (Butazolidine, Carudol), diclofenac (Voltarène), indomethacin (Indocid) and its antalgic derivative clomethacin (Dupéran), ketoprofen (Profenid), mefenamic acid (Ponstyl), niflumic acid (Nifluril) and piroxicam (Feldène). This interaction does not occur with aspirin; this exception suggests that the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis is not the mechanism responsible for the decrease in the urinary elimination of lithium linked with an increase in its tubular reabsorption. In practice, in view of the growing diffusion of NSAIDs, it is necessary to inform all patients under lithium treatment of the risk of interaction resulting from their use.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of pyrimidant].

In experiments on rats with different models of pathology it was demonstrated that a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug pyrimidant exerts pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. In some cases its activity exceeds that of indomethacin, brufen, butadione, mefenamic acid, sodium salicylate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of benzothienothiadiazolopyrimidine derivatives. III.

2-Substituted derivatives of 5H-benzothieno [3,2-d] [1,3,4]-thiadiazolo [3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one and of 10H-benzothieno [2,3-d] [1,3,4]-thiadiazolo [3,2-a]pyrimidin-10-one have been synthesized. The analgesic, antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of these derivatives were evaluated. Some derivatives showed an analgesic activity similar to or a little lower than that of indomethacin, and much higher than that of mefenamic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid and phenylbutazone, with a lower acute toxicity and a better gastric tolerance.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

Steatorrhea associated with meclofenamate sodium therapy.

Fenamates are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that frequently have gastrointestinal side effects. Diarrhea is seen fairly commonly. Malabsorption has been reported only 3 times with mefenamic acid, one of the family of fenamates. A case of steatorrhea due to meclofenamate sodium is presented here. Fenamates block net fluid absorption and also lead to histological abnormalities of the small intestine. The cause of the malabsorption seen in fenamate therapy is not known.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A role for prostaglandins in reperfusion-induced myocardial injury?

Restoration of flow to hearts made ischemic for 60 min is known to produce accelerated tissue injury. In these studies, reperfusion produced an enhanced enzyme [creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase] efflux, development of contracture, and reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These effects were associated with prostaglandin (PG) production as measured by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha efflux from the heart. Three nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents--indomethacin, aspirin, and mefenamic acid--that inhibit the cyclooxygenase-dependent conversion of arachidonic acid to PGs reduced most aspects of dysfunction associated with reperfusion. In addition, three glucocorticoids--cortisol, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone--that prevent substrate availability for cyclooxygenase also significantly decreased CPK efflux, but had variable effects on other parameters. These studies suggest that endogenous PGs produced in the heart may contribute to the dysfunction associated with reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗