SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Metastatic patterns”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

Glycoconjugates of murine tumor lines with different metastatic capacities. I. Differences in fucose utilization and in glycoprotein patterns.

Since various experimental findings point towards an important role of cell surface carbohydrates - in particular sialic acid - in cancer metastasis, the rationale of this study was to look for possible differences in carbohydrate metabolism and glycoprotein expression in well-defined related tumor lines of different metastatic capacity. The tumor lines analyzed were L5178Y E (= Eb), a low-metastasizing, methylcholanthrene-induced lymphoma of a DBA/2 mouse, and L5178Y ES (= ESb), a spontaneous high-metastatic variant thereof. A non-related, highly metastasizing tumor, MDAY-D2, and ConA-stimulated spleen cells were included in the study. These cell lines were compared for incorporation rates of various labelled carbohydrates and for glycoprotein patterns in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Marked differences were observed in the incorporation of 3H-fucose, while the incorporation of 3H-galactose and 3H-mannose was similar in the different cell lines studied. Only the metastatic variant ESb incorporated 3H-fucose at a rate similar to that of ConA-stimulated T-cell blasts. Eb cells did not incorporate 3H-fucose while MDAY-D2 had a significantly lower 3H-fucose incorporation rate. Separation and purification of the intracellular products of 3H-fucose by gel filtration and high-voltage electrophoresis revealed in Eb cells a block in the synthesis of fucosylated glycoproteins at the step of the fucose-I-P-guanylyltransferase. No apparent defect in the fucose pathway was detectable in MDAY-D2 cells. An Eb----ESb shifted cell line regained the ability to incorporate 3H-fucose. All tumors displayed unique glycoprotein patterns in SDS-PAGE. Labelling with 3H-mannose revealed the most distinct bands, while labelling with 3H-galactose gave fewer and broader bands. Although clonal instability of metastasizing tumor variants has been frequently reported, subclones of Eb and ESb showed characteristics similar to those of the original cell lines with regard to metastatic capacity, fucose metabolism and glycoprotein expression. These results will be discussed in relation to differences in fucose metabolism and in surface expression of fucose as observed in other tumor systems consisting of high- and low-metastatic lines.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Assessment of Her-2/neu overexpression in primary breast cancers and their metastatic lesions: an immunohistochemical study.

Since the development of novel immunotherapy using Herceptin as the first agent specifically indicated for HER-2/neu overexpression in metastatic breast cancer, there has been interest in using HercepTest as a predictor of response to such therapy. There is debate whether it is justifiable to perform HercepTest on every newly diagnosed breast cancer, since only approximately 43% of the cases will have related metastatic disease, and Herceptin is indicated only for breast cancer with metastatic disease. It may be more cost-effective to limit HercepTest to the related metastatic lesions. Therefore, it is important to assess whether the pattern of HER-21neu overexpression of metastatic breast cancer is also present in the primary lesion. HercepTest was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 56 primary breast cancers and their corresponding metastatic lesions. The protocol and scoring guidelines recommended by the manufacturer were followed. Tissue sections (5 microm) of a primary and the metastatic lesion from the same case were placed parallel on a single glass slide. The pattern and intensity of HER-2/neu overexpression (32%) in the primary and metastatic lesions were found to be nearly identical. Heterogeneity was observed in only one case. The score of primary cancer was 3+, and the metastatic lesion was 2+. Both were reported as positive. Intratumor heterogeneity (1+ to 3+) was also noted in two (4%) cases. However, the same pattern was found in both the primary and related metastatic lesions. The nearly identical HercepTest results in the primary and metastatic lesions suggest the potentiality of limiting the HercepTest to breast cancer-related metastases. Currently, any superficial and most deep-seated metastatic lesions can be easily sampled by fine needle aspiration biopsy or core biopsy, providing adequate samples for HercepTest. Eliminating unnecessary use of the HercepTest may provide a cost-effective alternative approach to the management of breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

Immunohistochemical analysis of pro-apoptotic Bid level in chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases.

Bid, a member of the Bcl-2 family, mediates apoptosis by inducing the release of proapoptotic factors. The expression of Bid in liver diseases has not been investigated. This study evaluated Bid level in various liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver metastases from colorectal cancer, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The expression of Bid in tumorous tissues of HCC was lower than that in their corresponding non-tumorous tissues from the same patient. Heavy staining with Bid antibody was found in some localized tumorous liver tissues from patients with poorly differentiated tumors. In patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, there were gradient tumor-development centers, a gradient increase in reaction with Bid antibody from the middle of the center to its edge. The gradient tumor-development center was also found in non-tumorous tissues of HCC, suggesting that occurrence of this center in chronic hepatitis might be an early pathologic sign of HCC development. Bid was also expressed in the epithelial cells in tissues from liver metastases and their expression was often stronger than in the non-tumorous liver tissues. Heavy nuclear staining of Bid was not uncommon in these metastatic cells. The different patterns of staining between primary and secondary liver tumors may reflect a difference in tumor origin and in cell type. Nuclei of metastatic cells, though positive for Bid, still showed a considerable mitotic activity, indicating that they were in active proliferation rather than on a pathway deemed to be apoptotic. In conclusion, this study shows that the Bid level is decreased in HCC except in poorly differentiated HCC in which cells may undergo a process of apoptosis or necrosis. The existence of gradient tumor-development center in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and non-tumorous tissues from HCC may serve as a pathologic marker of a carcinogenic change of cell phenotypes.

BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein↗

PubMed1996

Preoperative lymph node staging in rectal cancer: a difficult challenge.

The specimens of 59 rectal cancers that had been scanned by preoperative endorectal ultrasound (EUS) were analysed by the pathologist in order to draw a map of the pararectal lymph nodes that should be detected by preoperative staging. 389 lymph nodes (LNs) were detected in the mesorectum, close to the tumour. Malignant LNs were larger than the non invaded: 17% of the LNs less than 6 mm in diameter were invaded whereas 23% of the LNs 6 mm or more in diameter were free of metastatic invasion. The non invaded LNs displayed three main patterns: follicle, sinusoidal and mixed types. Metastatic LNs were partially (n = 25) or totally (n = 76) invaded by tumoural cells. Diffuse involvement includes 4 different patterns: cellular proliferation, fibrosis, necrosis and cyst formation. Accuracy of EUS evaluated by a "patient by patient" comparison was 61%, with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 39%. However, a comparison "lymph node by lymph node" showed a detection rate of 21% of the lymph nodes of 3 mm and more. It is concluded that a low percentage of LNs are detected by EUS in our experience. Metastatic and non metastatic LNs exhibit a great variety of morphological features and it seems difficult to reliably correlate metastatic invasion with a specific endosonic appearance. LN size remains the most reliable parameter.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Occult metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma to lymph node with sinus pattern.

Light microscopy of sections from the paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes of a patient revealed micrometastases with sinus pattern. The diagnosis of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma was confirmed ultrastructurally by demonstration of actin filaments and Z bands. To our knowledge occult metastases of rhabdomyosarcoma with purely sinus pattern have not been reported previously and diagnosis might be difficult to establish clinically or pathologically. However, recognition of the lymph node involvement changes the clinical staging and therapeutic regimen of this disease. Therefore, rhabdomyosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathies with sinus pattern. The disorders causing sinus pattern in lymph nodes are briefly reviewed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2000

Nucleus of the tractus solitarius metastasis: relationship to respiratory arrest?

BACKGROUND: A 52-year-old woman with metastases in brain and bone had clinical and radiological response to therapy but died about 10 weeks after diagnosis. General autopsy failed to identify a primary neoplasm or an anatomic cause of death. Investigation of sudden respiratory cessation was a consideration when undertaking an anatomic study of the brain. METHODS: Review of patient records and careful examination of the brain following autopsy were carried out. RESULTS: The patient had terminal episodes of hypersomnia but episodes of sleep apnea were not observed. She received no respiratory support and no respiratory difficulties were recorded until she was pronounced dead at 7 a.m. Autopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma in a pattern suggestive of a primary pulmonary neoplasm, including multiple cerebral metastases, although no significant pulmonary lesions of any type were found. A 0.2 cm metastatic adenocarcinoma was found in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS). No other tumor was present in the brain stem. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral destruction of the NTS in the medulla would have severely disturbed the most critical point of convergence of autonomic and voluntary respiratory control and of cardiocirculatory reflexes in the central autonomic network. It is postulated that this caused respiratory arrest during a state transition from sleeping to waking. Few metastases to the medulla are reported, most are relatively large, and several have caused respiratory symptoms before death. The very small metastasis in our patient could be the direct anatomic cause of death, and as such it is an unusual complication of metastatic disease of which clinicians should be aware. It is speculated that dysfunction of direct NTS connections to the pons or of connections passing close to the metastatic deposit resulted in terminal hypersomnia.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1987

Verruga peruana mimicking malignant neoplasms.

We have shown that in some cases fully developed florid verruga peruana nodules, as well as late-resolving, deeply situated lesions, can histologically suggest a variety of tumors to experienced pathologists. The compact proliferation of endothelial cells characteristic of florid verruga lesions can give rise to two pseudoneoplastic histologic patterns. One consists of sheets or islands of cells arranged in an epithelioid or pseudoepithelioid pattern (cases 1 and 2) in which the following histologic diagnoses were considered: squamous carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid sarcoma, melanoma and metastatic carcinoma. The other pattern of the florid lesion is characterized by a predominantly spindle cell arrangement (case 3) and in it the following diagnoses were made: Kaposi's sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma and leiomyosarcoma. The dense lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltrates of the late-resolving, deeply situated nodules (case 4) suggested the following histologic conditions: malignant lymphoma, nodular Hodgkin's disease, reticuloendotheliosis, and reticulosarcomatosis. Some histologic features thought to be of value to help in the differential diagnoses are discussed. It is emphasized that only the finding of Rocha-Lima's inclusions on light-microscopic studies and/or the demonstration of bartonella organisms in the lesions by electron-microscopic studies can objectively establish a diagnosis in a given lesion. However, knowledge of the epidemiologic data and particularly the presence of other lesions in the patient make it relatively easy to rule out neoplasia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate released from cloned murine fibrosarcoma cells is positively correlated with the experimental metastatic potential of the cells.

We established five clones (ML-01, ML-02, MH-01, MH-02, MH-03) from murine 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma A (Meth A), and investigated their experimental metastatic potentials in relation to their platelet-aggregating activities. A clone with a high metastatic potential (MH-02) showed a characteristic biphasic pattern of platelet aggregation, of which the first peak was not present in the aggregation patterns of the clone with low metastatic potential (ML-01). The first peak was eliminated by treatment of the cells with apyrase, indicating that adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was the causative substance of this particular peak. The metastatic potential of clones correlated well with the ADP concentration of the culture media. These results suggest that the increased ADP production and consequential enhancement of platelet-aggregating activity are closely related to the increment of pulmonary metastatic potential of MH-02 clone.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (Bednár tumor). An autopsy case with systemic metastasis.

An autopsy case of pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (Bednár tumor) with systemic metastasis is reported. No previous example of this tumor showing widespread metastasis has been reported in the literature. The patient, a 45-year-old man, developed a tumor on the right upper arm. The tumor recurred twice and metastasized to other parts of the skin, lungs and brain during the 8-year clinical course. The primary tumor contained melanin-laden tumor cells and showed a storiform growth pattern. Autopsy confirmed multiple metastatic lesions in the skin, lungs, brain, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, small intestine and thigh muscles. The recurrent and metastatic tumors lacked both melanin production and the storiform arrangement, and instead revealed "fibro-sarcomatous" change with a herring-bone or interlacing pattern of growth.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins by gel electrophoresis.

The use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for the separation of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results in greater definition than does a "routine" method such as cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Unconcentrated CSF is easily separated into as many as 18 bands by the use of PAGE. By means of a modified PAGE method described in this paper, unconcentrated and untreated CSF is quickly and conveniently analyzed for protein constituents. This modification involves a continuous buffer environment, a pore-size concentration gradient and CSF in amounts of 0.1 to 0.4 ml. Sucrose addition is not necessary in this procedure. Whereas most central nervous system (CNS) disease states do not yield consistently distinctive protein patterns, some diseases, such as vascular disease, infectious meningitis and some metastatic tumors, yield significantly altered patterns. It is suggested that the chief value of CSF protein electrophoresis at the present time is to follow the course of a CNS disease.

Buffers↗

PubMed1998

KAI1, a new metastasis suppressor gene, is reduced in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.

Down-regulation of KAI1 expression has been shown to be associated with formation of metastases or disease progression in prostate and pancreatic cancer. In the present study we analyzed the expression pattern of KAI1 in metastatic and nonmetastatic hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in comparison with normal livers to evaluate whether alteration of KAI1 also facilitates the metastatic ability in this malignancy. Thirty-nine primary HCCs and 10 normal liver tissue samples were studied for KAI1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression with use of Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. By Northern blot analysis, moderate to strong KAI1 mRNA expression was present in normal liver samples. In contrast, KAI1 mRNA expression in tissue samples of primary HCCs was markedly decreased compared with normal controls. The normal/tumor ratio of KAI1 mRNA expression was 2.6:1 (P <.01). Primary HCCs that gave rise to metastasis showed significantly lower KAI1 mRNA levels than nonmetastasized HCCs (P <. 05). As seen by in situ hybridization, moderate to strong cytoplasmic KAI1 mRNA staining was present in almost all normal hepatocytes. Bile ducts, blood vessels, and connective tissue showed no or only faint KAI1 mRNA expression in the normal liver samples. In nonmetastatic HCCs, the cancer cells exhibited in situ hybridization signals that were similar to the normal controls. In contrast, most of the primary HCC cells in samples with metastases showed only faint or moderate KAI1 mRNA expression predominantly in the perinuclear regions. When KAI1 mRNA expression of primary hepatocellular cancer cells was compared with metastasized cancer cells in lymph nodes, with intrahepatic satellite metastasis, or with peritoneal metastasis in the same patients, significantly lower (P <.01) KAI1 mRNA levels were present in the metastasized HCC cells. Reduced KAI1 mRNA in HCC cells seems to influence their metastatic ability and thereby enhances the malignant potential of HCC.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus to the skin: new patterns of tumor recurrence and alternate treatments for palliation.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (ACE), has been steadily increasing in incidence in the United States. In the past, patients usually died rapidly with locoregional disease that leads to inanition and aspiration. However, today when patients with ACE are treated successfully with induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by surgical excision, ACE usually does not recur locally, but presents with metatastic disease. We present a 62-year-old white male with ACE, which was treated with induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by surgical excision. After approximately 1 year with no evidence of locoregional recurrence, the patient presented with diffuse cutaneous metastatic disease. METHODS: In addition to routine staining immunohistochemical stains for CK(AE1/AE3), CK7, CK 20, EMA, alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin, S-100 protein, CD34, P53, Bcl-2, c-erbB-2 were performed. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical profile was consistent with an esophageal origin showing positive staining with CK20 and CK7 as well as AE1/AE3 and EMA. In addition, there was marked nuclear expression of p53, as well as membrane expression of c-erb-B2; consistent with progression of the disease and poor response to further cytotoxic therapeutic regimes. CONCLUSIONS: With new therapeutic protocols, we can expect to see more metastatic disease with recurrences of ACE. The histopathologic features and the immunohistochemical profile of the recurrent tumors may be helpful in determining alternate forms of therapy that either alone or in combination could be useful in palliation and delaying progression.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

Tissue factor expression and prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To assess immunohistochemically the pattern of tissue factor (TF) expression in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, because TF is aberrantly expressed in human cancer. TF is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with untreated metastatic prostate cancer who received hormonal therapy were included in the present study. Biopsy specimens were stained with anti-human TF antibody. We evaluated the histologic grade, extent of bony metastasis, clinical response to hormonal therapy, and patient prognosis. RESULTS: TF was detected in 75.3% of the tumors of the patients with metastatic prostate cancer. TF expression showed no association with histologic grade, extent of bony metastasis, or clinical response to hormonal therapy. Patients with TF-positive tumors had a poorer cause-specific survival than those with TF-negative tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that TF expression, clinical response to hormonal therapy, and extent of bony metastasis were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The TF content measured using immunohistochemical staining was a useful prognostic factor for patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with androgen withdrawal therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of flow cytometric DNA content in primary gastric carcinoma and metastases.

Nuclear DNA contents were comparatively determined by flow cytometry in primary and metastatic lesions from 112 cases with stomach cancer. Aneuploidy frequency and mean DNA index were higher in lymph node metastatic lesions than in primary lesions, both resected synchronously. In these lymph node metastatic lesions, DNA ploidy patterns did not change in 79% (89/112 cases), and did change in 21% (23/112 cases). Concordance of the DNA index between primary lesions and synchronous liver metastatic lesions was seen in 63% (5/8 cases), but the concordance rate was only 25% (4/16 cases) for primary lesions and metachronous liver metastatic lesions and 0% (0/8) for primary lesions and lung metastases. DNA ploidy changes in metastatic lesions were marked in distal metastatic lesions, or more marked in metachronous metastases than in synchronous ones. The results of the present study suggested the possibility of detecting changes in biological characteristics of metastatic lesions by flow cytometric DNA analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1998

First comparative delineation of the T cell receptor repertoire in primary and multiple subsequent/coexisting metastatic melanoma sites.

At present, very little is known about the types and heterogeneity of T cell responses and immunodominant epitopes of melanoma-associated antigens at coexisting sites of primary melanoma and metastatic lesions. To address this issue, we compared the T cell receptor (TCR) gene usage, complementary-determining region 3 diversity, and melanoma-associated antigens expression patterns of primary and metastatic melanoma specimens from three patients with partially homologous HLA class-1 types. Results obtained showed an overall predominance of a very limited number of TCRV regions with AV13 and BV14 being most frequently overexpressed. Sequencing of the dominating TCR transcripts confirmed the restricted usage of certain TCR specificities and, in two of the three patients, identified several identical TCR clonotypes at more than one metastatic site. Nevertheless, we failed to detect TCR transcripts that were common to all tumor deposits in a given patient and, within the majority of coexisting metastases, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes preferentially used individual site-specifically expanded TCR beta-chain VJ segment combinations. This occurrence of individual responses simultaneously executed at and influenced in their specificity by the different sites of tumor growth, has important implications for the type of strategies chosen in the development of efficacious vaccines for patients with metastatic melanoma.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1997

[Influence of DNA ploidy and grading on survival in primary metastatic prostate carcinoma].

An aneuploid pattern of prostatic cancer defined by flow cytometry was shown to be of value in predicting progression rates and patient survival times. We evaluated the long-term value of DNA analysis in prostatic cancer in 61 patients with advanced disease. We performed flow cytometry on 61 fresh prostate specimens obtained-from a transrectal needle biopsy or a transurethral resection. All patients received antihormonal therapy. Time until death was evaluated in all patients. Of the DNA histograms analyzed, 37% showed a diploid pattern, 63% an non-diploid pattern, and 37% a tetraploid or hypertetraploid pattern. Kaplan-Meier plots were generated for analysis of the probability of survival. Mean survival time was 44 months for patients with diploid (range 1-126 months) and 40 months for patients with non-diploid tumors (range 1-96 months). This difference is not statistically significant. However, the combination of non-diploid and low-differentiated (G3) tumors reduced survival time significantly (mean 20 months, range 1-62 months). There was no patient with combination of a diploid and highly differentiated tumor.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Expression of PH20 in primary and metastatic breast cancer and its pathological significance].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression pattern of PH20 in primary and metastatic breast cancer and its relationship to tumor metastatic potential. METHODS: Anti-PH20 antibody was synthesized by injection of conjugated human PH20 peptides into rabbits. Immunohistochemical study was performed on 53 cases of human breast cancer. Western blot was used to detect PH20 expression in 5 cases of breast cancer with available fresh tissue. Two oligonucleotide probes were prepared for in-situ hybridization using breast tissue microarray. RESULTS: Normal breast tissue did not express PH20 (0/3), while 58.4% (31/53) of breast cancer cases did. The highest expression rate was found in metastatic foci in regional lymph nodes (83.3%), followed by primary breast cancer tissue in cases with lymph node secondaries (70.8%). The breast cancer cases with no any metastasis had an expression rate of 48.2%. The immunohistochemical staining results were further confirmed by Western blotting. In-situ hybridization showed PH20 RNA in 75% of the breast cancer tissue (21/28). Two of the 17 cases of normal breast tissue showed weak expression in some ductolobular units. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of PH20 has a positive correlation with metastatic potential in breast cancer. It is possible that PH20 may play an important role in the invasive growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, via mechanisms such as digestion of surrounding stromal tissue and release of FGF-2.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1991

Comparison of nuclear DNA content in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma.

The DNA patterns obtained from 23 primary malignant melanomas and 35 corresponding metastases were compared and found to differ in many cases. In eight cases the primary tumors and their metastases had a ploidy type I ("euploid") DNA pattern. One case had a type I primary tumor and both type I and type II metastases. Five cases had type I primary tumors and ploidy type II ("aneuploid") DNA pattern metastases. In five cases the primary tumors and corresponding metastases were type II, and in another four cases the primary tumors were type II, whereas the metastases were type I. We interpret these data as indicating that malignant melanomas (more often than adenocarcinomas) are composed of genetically heterogeneous tumor sublines that frequently give rise to heterogeneously composed metastases. Since we sometimes observed a change in the DNA content in malignant melanomas, it seems to be more difficult to obtain prognostic information from DNA analysis in malignant melanoma as compared to the more stable adenocarcinomas.

Adult↗