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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Production of pancreatitis in rabbits by intestinal re-instillation of stimulated pancreatic secretion.

Pathological changes reminiscent of acute pancreatitis in man were observed in rabbits as a result of the intestinal instillation of pancreatic secretion produced by continuous cholinergic stimulation. Both the cause and nature of the pathological changes suggest a bloodborne disease produced by the absorption of digestive enzyme. It is proposed that acute pancreatitis can be the consequence of the absorption of active digestive enzyme in quantities and at rates sufficient to overwhelm natural defence mechanisms.

Albumins↗
PubMed1976

Perception of asthma.

Subjective assessment and objective measurements of airways obstruction were compared in 82 patients during methacholine-induced asthma. 15% of the patients were unable to sense the presence of marked airways obstruction (forced expired volume in 1 s less than 50% of the predicted normal value). These subjects could not be characterised as a distinct group on the basis of their sex, age, or duration of their asthma. This reinforces the need for objective measurement of lung function in the management of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of inhaled platelet activating factor on pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness in man.

Platelet activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid inflammatory mediator, was given as an aerosol to eight normal subjects. PAF caused a dose-dependent bronchoconstriction in all subjects. This did not correlate well with responsiveness to methacholine. Some subjects showed tachyphylaxis to PAF-induced bronchoconstriction. No subject had a late bronchoconstriction response. Transient facial flushing and an increase in heart rate (mean 7 beats/min) occurred but there was no consistent change in blood pressure. Lyso-PAF, the inactive precursor and major metabolite of PAF, had no effect on pulmonary or cardiovascular responses. Six of the subjects took part in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study in which bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was measured over the 3 days after administration of PAF or lyso-PAF. PAF had a greater effect in raising responsiveness (p less than 0.01). Its maximum effect occurred at 3 days and returned to baseline in 1 to 4 weeks. PAF may contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the most characteristic abnormality in asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Chronic cough: eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma.

Sputum cell-counts were studied in 7 non-smokers with corticosteroid-responsive chronic cough productive of sputum and 8 smokers with a clinical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, all of whom had normal lung function tests and methacholine airway responsiveness, and in 10 non-smokers with asthma, examined during an exacerbation. Sputum from asthmatic patients and subjects with corticosteroid-responsive cough contained eosinophils and metachromatic cells. Macrophages were by far the dominant cell type in sputum from subjects with chronic bronchitis. Airway inflammation with eosinophils and metachromatic cells is not always accompanied by increased airway responsiveness, and current definitions of obstructive airways disease may need to be revised.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Iontophoretic study of skin vessel reactivity in atopic dermatitis and its correlation to serum IgE levels.

Skin vessel reactivity was studied by means of an iontophoretic technique in 19 adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Fifteen patients were available for reinvestigation some 6 months later in winter. Compared with a control group, we found a significantly increased sensitivity in summer of dermal skin vessels toward the alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine. Patients with elevated serum IgE levels seemed to be more sensitive to phenylephrine. However, the difference was not significant. Isoproterenol, the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, induced blanching (as opposed to erythema) in 7 of 19 (37%) atopic dermatitis patients in summer and in 9 of 15 (60%) in winter compared with 1 of 36 in the control groups. This blanching was antagonized by the alpha-blocker phentolamine. From the results we concluded that there may be an increased alpha-adrenoceptor reactivity and/or a decreased beta-adrenoceptor reactivity in atopic dermatitis patients, which might be a primary defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical application of inhalation tests in patients with airway allergy.

Some patients with allergic rhinitis complain of lower airway symptoms, and the number of cases deemed to be related to lower airway hypersensitivity is considerable. We studied the clinical applications related to nasal allergy by the methacholine inhalation test using rhinograph to investigate upper and lower airway hypersensitivity. Fifty-three out of 58 patients (91.4%) with allergic rhinitis showed a reaction of Rr after the methacholine inhalation test. Elevation of RBN in 17 cases (85%) of allergic rhinitis was seen after methacholine nasal spray. This test can be done in a short time, and the burden on the patient is a light because the test can be performed while the patient is at rest. The methacholine inhalation test with rhinograph is thought to make it possible to detect the degree of hypersensitivity of the upper and lower airways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Characteristics of bronchial asthma with incomplete reversibility of airflow obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Incomplete reversibility of airflow obstruction (IRAO) can be observed in some asthmatic patients without significant smoking history nor evidence of other respiratory condition. The characteristics of this group remain however to be defined. METHODS: We compared 18 asthmatic patients with persistent airflow obstruction, defined as an FEV1 < or = 75% predicted despite optimal corticosteroid treatment, to others with complete reversibility of airflow obstruction, paired for age and gender (CRAO, FEV1 > 80% of predicted). RESULTS: Mean duration of asthma was 31.6 years for IRAO patients and 17.7 for the CRAO group and mean baseline FEV1 was 48.6 +/- 2.6% and 89.3 +/- 3.4%, respectively. Patients with IRAO had more severe airflow obstruction and hyperinflation than those with CRAO, while lung compliance and CO diffusion were similar. Overall healthcare use was similar in the two groups, but those with IRAO had a greater global asthma-related discomfort, increased diurnal variation of airflow obstruction and used higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids than those with CRAO. Patients with IRAO had slightly increased airway wall thickness on high resolution chest tomography compared with CRAO. Baseline FEV1 however, was not correlated with the measured airway wall thickness. CONCLUSION: We found that asthmatic patients with IRAO have a more severe asthma and asthma of longer duration than asthmatic subjects with CRAO. Our data suggest that in asthma, IRAO may result from long-standing airway inflammation and associated structural changes, although this remains to be further documented.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Effect of inhaled furosemide and cromolyn on bronchoconstriction induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water in asthmatic subjects.

BACKGROUND: Inhaled furosemide has been shown recently to produce a protective effect against bronchoconstriction induced by several indirect stimuli, including ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW). Since there is a close parallel between its experimental effects and those reported for cromolyn,/it has been suggested that they may share some common mechanisms of action. Their protective effect, however, has never been compared directly. In this study, therefore, we have investigated the ability of equal doses (30 mg) of inhaled furosemide and cromolyn to modulate bronchoconstriction induced by UNDW in a group of ten asthmatic patients. METHODS: Subjects with documented bronchial response to UNDW were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Treatments were administered five minutes prior to increasing outputs of UNDW and the response was expressed as the provocative output causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PO20, in mL/min) and as the output-response slope. RESULTS: Geometric mean PO20 increased from 1.53 to 4.05 mL/min (P < .0004) after furosemide. After inhaling the highest output of UNDW (5.2 mL/min), PO20 was not measurable in six of ten patients when pretreated with furosemide and in all patients when pretreated with cromolyn. This difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Geometric mean values of output-response slope significantly decreased from 13.6 to 2.97 after furosemide (P < .0001) and from 13.6 to 1.43 (P < .0002) after cromolyn. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cromolyn has a slightly greater anti-reactive activity in UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction compared to furosemide.

Administration, Inhalation↗