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PubMed1982

Possible approaches to improving the international comparability of immigration and emigration statistics: an illustration of the Canadian situation

"This article seeks to highlight the extent of the lack of standardization which exists in the field of international migration statistics and, using statistics for Canada as an example, to illustrate how significant progress towards resolving this problem could be made if sufficient numbers of countries made their immigration and emigration statistics gradually comply more fully with the United Nations recommendations."

Americas↗
PubMed1997

Migrants, refugees and foreign policy: prevention and intervention strategies.

The authors discuss policy development options to deal with migrants and refugees to developed countries. "Our principal argument--perhaps to state the obvious--is that international migration and refugee movements are foreign policy, not simply domestic, issues. Nevertheless, citizens and policy makers are all too often unaware that if they want to secure their borders against unwanted population flows, this cannot be done simply by unilateral decisions to regulate entry." The focus is on Germany and the United States.

Americas↗
PubMed1997

Female immigrants: a socioeconomic portrait.

"In this study, we supplement the limited knowledge about immigrant women by documenting their presence in the U.S. immigration flow and their socioeconomic standing. In doing so we review some of the theoretical explanations for female international migration.... We use two measures of inequality. First, the standing of immigrant women relative to native women; second, evaluation of the standing of immigrant women relative to immigrant men."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New migratory flows of the Brazilian population].

"This article focuses [on] the recent emigration of Brazilians abroad. In the post World War II period, a new type of international migration was observed, caused by demands for labor in the receiving countries, where immigrants are integrated into the secondary labor market. The programs created to stimulate temporary foreign migrations resulted in the recent illegal migrations of Brazilians, most of them working in unskilled jobs. The study is based on data from a preliminary survey on the migratory flow from the city of Governador Valadares in the State of Minas Gerais, to Boston, in the U.S." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1995

[The tendency of youths to emigrate: the Uruguayan case].

"This paper presents the case of Uruguay, seen as an emigration country on the basis of the information contained in the Youth National Survey....The results show that one fourth of the persons in the cohorts defined as young plan to live abroad even though not permanently....[We propose] paying more attention to cultural and social mobility aspects in the analysis of international migration, as well as general prospects of life styles that are offered as possibilities to young people in a country like Uruguay in the frame of the economic and cultural globalisation in which the references are those of the developed countries." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[More than a century of international immigration into Argentina].

"From the second half of the 19th century, Argentina was, along with the United States and Brazil, one of the main destinations that attracted European emigration to America.... The arrival of more that six million people between 1869 and 1930 resulted in radical changes in the socioeconomic structure of the country. After the crisis of the 1930s the impact of a development plan based on the export of agricultural products waned and the economic growth accompanied with political instability generated a slowing decline of migratory flows, despite a new wave between 1945 and 1952. The decrease of international migration comes along with an important change in the composition by places of origin.... The article analyses the successive migratory policies of Argentina's government as well as the migrants' spatial distribution and their incorporation in the labor market." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

The future of immigrant incorporation: Which models? Which concepts?

"The paper examines the usefulness of various theoretical approaches for understanding the causes and consequences of international migration in the 1990s. Extant ideas are considered in three periods, each with its own characteristic approach: the classical, represented by push and pull and assimilation perspectives; the modern, reflecting neo-Marxist and structured inequality perspectives; and emerging patterns in the literature, focusing on multiculturalism, social movements and citizenship." The geographical focus is on Europe and the United States.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1994

[Moslems and Hindus in the Netherlands: revised time series].

Estimates of the numbers of Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist residents of the Netherlands are presented and techniques for producing such estimates described. "Since 1971...estimated numbers of Moslems and Hindus/Buddhists have been...computed annually with the aid of data taken from the international migration statistics. Population growth due to births and deaths was calculated by assuming that the crude rates for Turks, Moroccans, [Tunisians], Pakistani and Indonesians living in the Netherlands apply to the Moslems, and those for the Surinamese apply to the Hindus/Buddhists. More recently other estimates have been achieved on the basis of enumerations from municipal population registers." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Culture↗
PubMed1994

[Migratory flows in the Mediterranean Basin].

Recent trends in international migration in the Mediterranean region are analyzed, with the focus on South-North migration to Europe. "This migration towards Western Europe has taken various forms, from labour force migration, in a first phase, to family reunification, and more recently, asylum requests and irregular immigration. These migratory flows must be understood within the context of a severe imbalance--demographic and economic--between the Southern and Northern banks of the Mediterranean. Europe and especially the European Union is directly confronted by this persistent migratory pressure coming from the other Mediterranean countries. Its future can only be conceived of through new and innovative forms of cooperation with its Mediterranean partners." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed1986

Immigration to Western Europe, 1952-1982: a time-series analysis of movement to Sweden, France, and Essen.

"Two contradictory approaches--an equilibrium view based on neoclassical economic principles and a structuralist view based on labour needs of core economies--dominate contemporary international migration research. Using a monthly time-series for Essen [Federal Republic of Germany], Sweden, and France for 1952-1982 of immigration by different nationalities, a specific hypothesis derived from the neoclassical view, relating immigration to economic growth and stagnation, was tested using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA modelling approach." The only support for the hypothesis came from the example of the local labor market in Essen. The author notes that "most migration flows are described by complex ARIMA models. Immigration legislation had a stronger and more direct effect on the strength and timing of flows than economic trends. Predictions based on univariate and bivariate models are not very useful: immigration trends over the past decade are significantly different from earlier flows."

Demography↗
PubMed1988

[Undiminished increase of immigration in 1987].

Trends in international migration in the Netherlands are reviewed. Consideration is given to the emigration of aliens and nationals from the Netherlands, the effects of immigration on population growth, the distribution of aliens in the Netherlands by country of origin, and immigration by sex and family type and relationship. The author notes that "in 1987, 96 thousand persons immigrated into the Netherlands, a 10% rise compared with 1986. Emigration dropped 5% to...52 thousand...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1992

A study of labor resources in northeast Asia.

"This paper will discuss questions such as the tapping, utilization and rational distribution (international migration) of labor resources that have already begun and will continue to expand in the regional economic and technological cooperation of Northeast Asia.... In the broad sense, Northeast Asia refers to the Soviet Far Eastern Economic Division and the Siberian Economic Division; the Northeast, North, and Northwest of China; Mongolia; Korea, South Korea and Japan; its area being 17.5 million square kilometers, or 40% of the Asian land area. Its population is 580 million, or 20% of the total population of Asia."

Asia↗
PubMed1991

Long-term immigration to the United States: new approaches to measurement.

"The United Nations has recommended the measurement of types of international migration using demographic criteria, including length of stay and purpose of travel. Information systems at the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) have the potential to provide a basis for documenting these demographic characteristics, in particular, length of stay of temporary migrants to the United States. This article analyzes these characteristics of selected categories of nonimmigrant aliens. The results of the analysis are used to produce series of estimates of alien immigration that conform more closely to the U.N. recommended definitions and better represent demographic concepts of long-term immigration. A strategy for measuring emigration of aliens from the United States using INS information systems is also described."

Americas↗
PubMed1984

The politics of immigration reform.

The US is the target for international migration, now more than ever. Population growth and economic stragnation in the Third World are increasing the pressures for out-migration, and current immigration law is wholly incapable of responding to the ever increasing flow of illegal immigrants. Border apprehensions of illegal aliens in the US were up 40% during 1983, and total apprehensions reached 1.25 million by the year's end. Recent public opinion polls have disclosed that an overwhelming majority of the American public demands immigration reform, and yet we as a nation have been distinctly unwilling or unable to respond to this clear public sentiment. This paper discusses the politics of the "Simpson-Mazzoli" Immigration Reform and Control Act, previous immigration legislation, current counterproposals for US immigration policy, and the political realities of immigration reform.

Americas↗
PubMed1994

Cultural values and immigrant entrepreneurship: the Chinese in Singapore.

"It is the intent of this paper to examine the interrelationships between early socialisation into core Chinese cultural values, international migration and Chinese immigrant entrepreneurship.... It is through a developmental socialisation process by which [cultural] values are articulated in family and kin network dynamics that social organisations begin to develop and define what is popularly understood as the 'Chinese way of doing business'. We argue that among the overseas Chinese, this way of doing business must be viewed historically and developmentally, as it is intimately intertwined with transmigration experiences and their consequences in shaping values necessary for the emergence and development of entrepreneurship." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Asia↗
PubMed1995

Migrant selectivity and returns to skills: the case of Taiwanese immigrants in the United States.

"This article examines the selection of international migration from Taiwan to the United States in terms of the skills and abilities of emigrants. Micro data from Taiwan and the U.S. are used to test Borjas' self-selection model (1987).... Based on the assumption that emigrants choose to move to the destination that can maximize their expected lifetime earnings and provide higher returns to their human capital, Heckman (1979) developed a two-stage method that allows one to correct the problem of selectivity bias and to estimate directions of the selection on the basis of observed characteristics (the levels of skills or education) and unobserved characteristics (innate ability or motivation) for both emigrants and non-emigrants." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1995

Modes of labor market incorporation and occupational cost among new immigrants to Israel.

"The present study contributes to the literature on international migration by examining social, demographic and contextual factors that influence modes of labor market incorporation and occupational cost among new immigrants during their first years after migration. The data for the analysis were obtained from the 1983 Census of Population conducted by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics. The analysis focuses on men who immigrated to Israel between 1979 to 1983.... The data reveal that the likelihood of finding employment, the mode of labor market incorporation, and the size of the occupational cost are significantly affected by geocultural origin, occupation in the country of origin, and individual-level demographic and human capital resources. The meaning of the differentiated effects are discussed in detail. The findings point toward two central aspects that should be examined in the study of labor market incorporation of new immigrants: employment status and occupational cost."

Acculturation↗