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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Hernia after dorsal incision into lumbar region: a case report and review of pathogenesis and treatment.

Because of few associated complications and rapid recovery, dorsal incision into lumbar region has experienced a resurgence in popularity for the treatment of a variety of renal and upper ureteral disorders. We report a case of pyelolithotomy via the dorsal approach in which a symptomatic lumbar incisional hernia subsequently developed, which to our knowledge is a previously unreported complication of this approach. Reconstruction of this lumbar hernia defect necessitated the application of synthetic mesh graft sandwiched by mobilized muscle flaps. The entire repair was then sutured inferiorly to the iliac crest using drill holes. Outcome was durable and successful. The pathogenesis and treatment of this complication are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Radiation safety during spine interventions.

Image-guided spine interventions are being performed by radiologists and other physicians with increased frequency. This article assesses the use of several techniques and devices that can mitigate radiation exposure during interventional procedures. Measurements were obtained on a humanoid phantom with use of various shielding methods. Significant radiation dose reductions as great as 98.7% can be achieved with use of a combination of stationary and mobile lead barriers and operator position. The application of basic radiation physics in combination with prudent radiographic technique can significantly reduce radiation exposure to the operator and other personnel during spine interventions.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Temporal shape error concealment by global motion compensation with local refinement.

This paper presents an original temporal shape error concealment technique based on a combination of global and local motion compensation. For this technique, which is especially useful for object-based video applications in error-prone environments (e.g., mobile networks), it is assumed that the shape of the corrupted object at hand is in the form of a binary alpha plane and some of the shape data is missing due to channel errors. To conceal the corrupted shape, the decoder first assumes that a global motion model can describe the shape changes in consecutive time instants. This way, based on locally estimated global motion parameters, the decoder attempts to conceal the corrupted alpha plane by global motion compensating the shape data from the previous time instant. Afterwards, since a global motion model cannot perfectly describe all alpha plane changes, a local motion refinement is applied to improve the concealment in areas of the object with significant local motion.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

More attention to public health in the European Union - implications for dentistry?

At present the European Union is developing its competence on health and new important issues will be taken on board in European health policy. Increasing mobility of people and integration of the applicant countries puts pressure on the current health care provision systems. A mandate for an open co-ordination process in public health is expected to be given by the European Council. The process will start by exchange of information and best practice models. The next step will be the presentation of common targets between member countries, followed by national action programmes and indicators. It is likely that a lot of emphasis will be put on access to health services, comparisons of costs of health care and benchmarking the costs of items of care. In the long run this will mean convergence of the health care systems. If oral health is to be considered an integral part of general health dental professionals need to be aware of and be able to influence the actions to be taken.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed2003

Absolute measurements of total target strength from reverberation in a cavity.

A new method was developed to acoustically measure the density and total scattering cross-section (sigma(t)) or total target strength [TTS = 10log10(sigma(t)/4pi)] of objects in motion in a highly reflective cavity [J. De Rosny and P. Roux, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 2587-2597 (2001)]. From an ensemble of pulse-echo recordings, the average contribution of the scatterer(s) to the reverberation within the cavity provides a measurement of the scattering mean free path. The latter was shown through theory and experiment to be proportional to the volume of the cavity and inversely proportional the product of the mean sigma(t) and number of scatterers. Here, the TTS measurement uncertainty is characterized using standard metal spheres as references. Theoretical TTS was calculated for multiple copper and tungsten carbide standard spheres (Cu: 60.0 30.05 and 23 mm and WC: 38.1 and 33.4 mm diameters, respectively), using well-described theory for scattering from elastic spheres and the optical theorem. Measurements of TTS were made over a wide bandwidth (30-120 kHz) and compared to their theoretical values. Measurements were made in a corrugated, cylindrical, galvanized-steel tank with 25 or 50 l of fresh water at a temperature of 21 +/- 1 degrees C. The results indicate the method can provide TTS measurements that are accurate to at least 0.4 dB with an average precision of +/-0.7 dB (95% confidence interval). Discussed are the requisite cavity volumes and signal-to-noise ratios for quality measurements of TTS, tank volume, and/or numerical abundance of mobile targets. Also discussed are multiple potential applications of this technique in bioacoustical oceanography.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1980

Theoretical model for glomerular filtration of charged solutes.

Previous experimental studies have revealed that for a given molecular size, the glomerular capillary wall restricts the passage of polyanions more than that of neutral macromolecules, and restricts transport of the latter more than that of polycations. We have developed a theoretical model of this charge-selectivity based on the following principal assumptions: a) all ions (tracer macromolecule and univalent cations and anions) obey a modified Nernst-Planck flux expression, including terms for convection and size-selective retardation; b) the capillary wall has a homogeneous distribution of fixed negative charges; and c) Donnan equilibria exist at the surfaces of this "membrane." To allow specific application of the model we measured electrophoretic mobilities of narrow fractions of dextran sulfate (DS) and diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE), and used these to estimate effective molecular charge as a function of molecular size. Based on these measurements and fractional clearance data for DS and DEAE reported previously for the normal Munich-Wistar rat, the capillary wall has an apparent fixed charge concentration of 120--170 meq/liter. The effects of this membrane charge on the filtration of water and on the transcapillary electrical potential difference are also discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Ambulatory infusion of noradrenaline for long-term treatment of Shy-Drager syndrome.

A 70-year-old female patient with advanced Shy-Drager syndrome exhibited severe orthostatic hypotension, low serum catecholamine levels, and autonomic dysfunction. She was bedridden despite oral medication with fludrocortisone, etilefrin, dihydroergotamine, L-dopa, yohimbine, and amezinium methyl sulfate. Only intravenous application of noradrenaline (30 ng/kg/min) provided complete mobilization. After implantation of a port-a-cath system, intravenous noradrenaline treatment could be continued on an outpatient basis. Over the following 5 years, the patient was throughout sufficiently mobile and did not show any significant side effects of this treatment. However, during the 5th year she suffered from nonhemorrhagic brain stem infarction due to cerebral hypoperfusion after orthostatic stress in the absence of noradrenaline infusion. We conclude that ambulatory noradrenaline infusion is a new valuable tool for long-term treatment of advanced Shy-Drager syndrome.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed1987

Nocturnal positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask.

Five patients with chronic respiratory failure from neuromuscular disease and symptomatic worsening nocturnal hypoventilation were treated with nocturnal ventilation. Home ventilation at night was provided by a volume-cycled positive pressure ventilator attached to a nasal mask originally designed to administer nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea. The device was well tolerated. Symptoms of headache, insomnia/somnolence, and impaired intellectual capacity rapidly disappeared with nocturnal ventilatory support. Daytime arterial PO2 and PCO2 improved after therapy. There are several advantages over commonly used, negative pressure devices for nocturnal ventilation. These include patient synchronization of tidal volume, ease of application, less cumbersome apparatus, more nocturnal patient mobility, and absence of production of upper airway obstruction.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Calcium mobilization stimulates Dictyostelium discoideum shear-flow-induced cell motility.

Application of hydrodynamic mild shear stress to adherent Dictyostelium discoideum vegetative cells triggers active actin cytoskeleton remodeling resulting in net cell movement along the flow. The average cell speed is strongly stimulated by external calcium (Ca2+, K50%=22 microM), but the directionality of the movement is almost unaffected. This calcium concentration is ten times higher than the one promoting cell adhesion to glass surfaces (K50%=2 microM). Addition of the calcium chelator EGTA or the Ca2+-channel blocker gadolinium (Gd3+) transiently stops cell movement. Monitoring the evolution of cell-surface contact area with time reveals that calcium stimulates cell speed by increasing the amplitude of both protrusion and retraction events at the cell edge, but not the frequency. As a consequence, with saturating external calcium concentrations, cells are sensitive to very low shear forces (20 pN; sigma=0.1 Pa). Moreover, a null-mutant lacking the unique Gbeta subunit does not respond to external Ca2+ changes (K50%>1000 microM), although the directionality of the movement is comparable with that of wild-type cells. Furthermore, cells lacking the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3-receptor) exhibit a markedly reduced Ca2+ sensitivity. Thus, calcium release from internal stores and calcium entry through the plasma membrane modulate cell speed in response to shear stress.

Actins↗

PubMed2004

[Minimally invasive surgery of small intestine].

Since the first laparoscopic surgery was performed by Erick Mühe in 1986, multiple minimally invasive techniques have been developed. The small intestine presents several technical difficulties for the application of these techniques, namely: its size, mobilization inside the abdominal cavity, difficulty defining the site under manipulation and the distension association by an ileo or an occlusion. The development of new technology with better cameras and coagulation equipment such as the Harmonic Scalpel and the Ligasure, cutting linear staplers, have permitted the evolution of surgical techniques for the small intestine. Indications for the use of minimally invasive interventions in the treatment of the small intestine are classified as urgent and elective. Lesions secondary to an abdominal cavity puncture were the first to be treated in the small intestine. Abdominal trauma due to a sharp instrument can also be treated through this method. Intestinal occlusion treated without a great dilation can be solved in 55 to 65% of cases. Crohn's disease various surgical treatments are performed by laparoscopy. Obesity surgical treatments, particularly derivative gastroplasty have been carried out successfully by minimally invasive surgery. Gastrojejunoanastomosis or cystojejunoanastomosis are specialized techniques which are performed with minimal invasion; any kind of digestive or urinary stoma can be performed with these techniques. As the surgeon's surgical skills evolve, surgical minimally invasive indications for the small intestine become wider.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1989

Facilitating patient participation: the doctor-patient encounter.

Our purpose in undertaking this review has been to extract from the literature behavioral prescriptions for physicians and strategies for prevention. We have demonstrated that the physician who wishes to be a successful counselor needs to ensure that the patient knows what to do, work toward patient commitment to behavior change, negotiate and tailor the specifics of the treatment, and be a warm, attentive interviewer who provides support to patients by attending to emotional responses as they arise. We have suggested ways that the encounter can be embedded in a functioning primary care organization where other members of the team are involved, and where follow-up mobilization of social support and the systematic application of behavioral techniques can achieve permanent behavior change.

Communication↗

PubMed1987

Silastic foam dressing in hypospadias surgery.

Silastic foam dressing is useful after more complex types of hypospadias surgery. It immobilises and protects the penis, avoids excessive swelling and allows early mobility of the patient. Details of its application and use are described.

Humans↗

PubMed1985

[Measurements of respiratory resistance in tracheal stenosis patients. A comparison of pressure changes with total-body plethysmography].

In this study, the airway resistance of 67 patients who suffered tracheal stenosis was measured by body plethysmography and by the pressure change method. These comparative measurements were carried out in order to assess the value of the pressure change method. There was significant linear correlation between the results for the two methods. The pressure change method is uncomplicated and mobile, and promises to have many practical applications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Predicting the prognosis after proximal femoral fracture.

In 338 patients with proximal femoral fractures, age, sex, residence and mobility on admission were found to predict mortality, mobility and housing requirements after 1 year. Application of these data should permit better targeting of rehabilitation and earlier initiation of rehousing arrangements after proximal femoral fracture.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral blood stem cells in children with solid tumors. Part I. Feasibility and application.

A method for collecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells following mobilizing chemotherapy in pediatric patients is described. The critical elements of the method included temporary heparinization of the patient to reduce citrate overload, and limiting extracorporeal circulation to 15% of the patient's blood volume using packed red blood cells and albumin. A median of 0.9 x 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg per collection were harvested in 40 collections from eight patients with only one episode of fever and chills. Peripheral blood stem cells were reinfused into six of these patients with refractory/recurrent pediatric tumors after intensive chemotherapy. Bone marrow reconstitution followed with a mean of 30 days (19-38) for absolute neutrophils and 48 days (32-275+) for platelets. Previous chemotherapy did not appear to affect peripheral blood stem cell efficacy in reconstituting chemotherapy-ablated bone marrow.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Submassive necrosis of liver of Channa gachua, a fresh water fish during experimental alloxan diabetes.

An extensive change in the liver architecture leading to submassive necrosis has been observed in Channa gachua toxicated with alloxan. An intramuscular dosage of 10 mg/kg of the toxicant mobilized liver glycogen after 4 h of application leading to hyperglycaemia of blood. The serial changes occurring in the liver have been discussed at intervals of 24, 48, 96 and 100 h, when the fish reached to comasate condition and finally died.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phytosiderophores influence on cadmium mobilization and uptake by wheat and barley plants.

A constant anthropogenic release of cadmium to the environment has resulted in a continuous buildup of Cd in soils. Uptake and accumulation of Cd in plant tissue and in grains may lead to food chain transfer to humans. Application of synthetic chelates was suggested to increase metal mobilization and facilitate phytoextraction as a means for the remediation of metal-polluted soils. However, most of the chelate-extracted metal may be leached rather than mobilized to plant roots. In contrast to the synthetic chelates added to soils, plant-produced chelators called phytosiderophores (PS) are excreted directly to the rhizosphere. Previous studies have shown that PS facilitate uptake of Zn and Fe by graminaceous plants. In this study, a two-step PS mediation of Cd uptake was hypothesized: (i) extraction and chelation in the soil solution, and (ii) delivery of the chelated Cd to the uptake system of the plant. We examined Cd extraction by PS, the synthetic chelate HEDTA [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid], and a fungal siderophore rhizoferrin from solid-phase Cd phosphate at pH 7.3 with and without Fe competition in the presence of Ca and Mg as additional competing metals. While rhizoferrin did not extract Cd, PS and HEDTA did extract Cd even in the presence of Fe. Yet, uptake of Cd by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants was not significantly influenced by Fe stress, but instead was controlled primarily by Cd2+ activity in solution. These results suggest that even though Cd may be mobilized by PS, there is no significant uptake of the Cd-PS complex by the plant roots.

Biological Availability↗

PubMed2001

Applications of retrotransposons as genetic tools in plant biology.

Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that accomplish transposition via an RNA intermediate that is reverse transcribed before integration into a new location within the host genome. They are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms and constitute a major portion of the nuclear genome (often more than half of the total DNA) in plants. Furthermore, they are dispersed as interspersed repetitive sequences throughout most of the length of all host chromosomes. These unique properties of retrotransposons have been exploited as genetic tools for plant genome analysis. Major applications are in determining phylogeny and genetic diversity and in the functional analyses of genes in plants. Here, recent advances in molecular markers, gene tagging and functional genomics technologies using plant retrotransposons are described.

Genetic Linkage↗