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PubMed2004

Type 2 diabetes and the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting women in reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The etiology of PCOS is still unknown. However, several studies have suggested that insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. As a consequence of insulin-resistance, women affected by PCOS often present abnormalities of glucose metabolism and lipid profile, and have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease over-time. Besides insulin-resistance, it has been demonstrated that some of these women also have alterations in beta-cell-function. Both disorders (insulin-resistance and beta-cell-dysfunction) are recognized as major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Long-term studies, evaluating the glucose-insulin system in women affected by PCOS, have shown a higher incidence of glucose intolerance, including both impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, compared to age and weight matched control populations. The risk of glucose intolerance among PCOS subjects seems to be approximately 5 to 10 fold higher than normal and appears not limited to a single ethnic group. Moreover, the onset of glucose intolerance in PCOS women has been reported to occur at an earlier age than in the normal population (approximately by the 3rd-4th decade of life). However, other risk factors such as obesity, a positive family history of type 2 diabetes and hyperandrogenism may contribute to increasing the diabetes risk in PCOS.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

What may be the markers of the male equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women (with a prevalence of 5-10 %), is characterized by hormonal and metabolic imbalance. Complexity of symptoms of close relatives of women with PCOS and genetic autosomal trait initiated a hypothesis about the existence of a male equivalent of PCOS. Premature alopecia was suggested as one of the signs of a male phenotype of this syndrome. The present study investigated a group of 30 men, in which premature hair loss started before 30 years of age. In all patients, their hormonal profile was determined. It was possible to form two subgroups. The first one showed similar hormonal changes as women with PCOS, the other had either no anomalies in steroid spectrum or just only lower level of sexual hormones binding globulin (SHBG). Both subgroups did not differ in either BMI or age. In all men with premature alopecia insulin tolerance test was also carried out and the occurrence of allele 3 INS VNTR was investigated, which is one of the candidate genes for PCOS. The subgroup with hormonal changes resembling those of women with PCOS showed a significantly higher insulin resistance than the group without these changes. About one third of the premature balding men showed the combination of hormonal shifts and higher insulin resistance. This frequency corresponds to the prevalence of PCOS in women. There was no significant difference between the two subgroups in the occurrence of allele 3 INS VNTR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I responsiveness in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To assess insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) action in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Hyperinsulinemia was determined by measuring the insulin responses during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Quantification of in vivo insulin action was determined by a frequently sampled intravenous (IV) OGTT with minimal modeling analysis. In vitro sensitivity to insulin at physiological and supraphysiological concentrations and to IGF-I was assessed by examining colony formation of two hematopoietic cell populations, burst-forming units of the erythroid line (BFU-E) and human leukemia virus immortalized T-cell lines. (The proliferative responses of BFU-E, a primary tissue explant, are presumably conditioned by factors in the immediate blood-borne environment, whereas proliferative responses of T-cell lines are presumed to reflect intrinsic target-cell hormone sensitivity.) SETTING: Tertiary care research institution. PATIENTS: Eight patients (4 obese and 4 nonobese) with PCOS and three healthy women for reference controls. RESULTS: Nonobese (P less than 0.04) and obese patients with PCOS (P less than 0.01) both demonstrated significant hyperinsulinemia after OGTT. In vivo insulin resistance was observed in both nonobese (P less than 0.03) and obese PCOS subjects (P less than 0.01) using frequently sampled IV OGTT. Both nonobese (P less than 0.03) and obese patients with PCOS (P less than 0.01) had blunted in vitro clonal responses of BFU-E, with normal T-cell line clonal responsiveness to physiological levels of insulin and normal BFU-E and T-cell line clonal responses to IGF-I. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the following in both nonobese and obese patients with PCOS: (1) there is in vivo hyperinsulinemia and resistance to insulin action on glucose disposal; (2) with BFU-E, there is in vitro resistance to the mitogenic action of insulin but normal responsiveness to IGF-I; and (3) there is normal in vitro mitogenic responsiveness of T-cell lines to both insulin and IGF-I. The intrinsically normal mitogenic responsiveness to insulin and, especially to IGF-I, whether or not under the influence of the bloodborne milieu, provides a mechanism whereby hyperinsulinemia could directly contribute to the ovarian abnormalities that characterize PCOS.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Protein expression profilings of polycystic ovary syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To screen out serum protein profiling of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) for discovering the discriminatory proteins. METHODS: Thirty one women with PCOS and thirty healthy women were detected by Weak Cation Exchange(WCX2)chip. ProteinChip reader and Biomarker Wizard software from Ciphergen Inc were combined with a bioinformatics method (support vector machines, SVM ) to analyze protein fingerprinting. RESULTS: There were 4 proteins which were obviously different between the PCOS group and the control. Three of them were up-regulated, and one down-regulated. To set up a analysis model by SVM using the 4 proteins could successfully distinguish between PCOS and the normal control. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity and positive predict value were 86.7%, 83.3%, 87.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using ProteinChip technology can screen out serum discriminatory proteins quickly and efficiently. Combined with SVM, an optimal fingerprinting model has been set up, which can easily predict PCOS. In disease state of PCOS, there are significant variations which consist of four proteins. To investigate those four discriminatory proteins, especially the protein m/z 6 628 may be of benefit to pathogenic study and the development of biomarkers for PCOS.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Polycystic ovary syndrome. New pathophysiological discoveries--therapeutic consequences].

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by anovulation, infertility and hyperandrogenism. The condition affects about 5-10% of women in the reproductive age group. Insulin resistance has proven to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS. There are several similarities between PCOS and the metabolic syndrome, and PCOS may be a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The treatment of PCOS has, so far, been focussed on treatment of the clinical signs and symptoms. Oral contraceptives have been the standard treatment. There is now a greater focus on the management of the metabolic consequences of PCOS, primarily through lifestyle intervention to achieve weight loss and increase physical activity. Metformin has proven to be effective in the management of the metabolic disturbances, anovulation and hirsutism and is now a widely accepted therapy. The thiazolidinediones (pio- and rosiglitazone), a novel class of insulin-sensitising agents, also seem to ameliorate the metabolic disturbances and clinical symptoms characterizing PCOS, but more randomised, controlled trials are needed before clinical guidelines can be determined.

Contraceptives, Oral↗

PubMed2005

[Expression of novel apoptosis-related protein PDCD5 in granulosa cells of polysystic ovary syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the novel apoptosis-related protein PDCD5 expression in granulosa cells of polysystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal ovary, and explore the pathogenesis of PCOS. METHODS: The granulosa cells were collected from 30 cases of PCOS and normal ovary in IVF-ET. Expression of PDCD5 was detected by flow cytometry; immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was detected by Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. RESULTS: The number of hypodiploidy cells associated with apoptosis in granulosa cells of PCOS was greater than that of the normal control. PDCD5 protein expression in PCOS granulosa cells was significantly higher than that in normal ovary (P<0.05). PDCD5-positive cells were mainly observed in cytoplasm. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, basal serum FSH concentration, number of ampules of FSH administered. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that PDCD5 is an important apoptosis regulating factor in granulosa cells of PCOS and normal ovary, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Association between the polycystic ovary syndrome and the metabolic syndrome in Puerto Rico.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects mostly young women causing chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism and obesity with android pattern. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension and increased waist circumference) in PCOS is not defined although both have a common etiologic factor: insulin resistance. This retrospective study from medical records examined the presence of obesity and features of the metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS. The metabolic syndrome was defined as presence of two or more of the following signs: abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, and hypertension. Thirty nine records of patients with PCOS were reviewed. The mean age was 29.4 years and the body mass index was 36 kg/m2. Hypertriglyceridemia was present in 43%, low HDL in 71%, hypertension in 36%, impaired glucose tolerance in 10% and diabetes mellitus type 2 in 37%. The metabolic syndrome was identified in 44% of sampled women with PCOS. These findings indicate that women with PCOS are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 at a young age. PCOS patients have higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome than the rest of the population and thus are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease even if they don't develop diabetes mellitus type 2.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Early metabolic abnormalities--insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome].

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the main androgen disorder in women. Recently, it has been suggested that the condition is hereditary and that women with PCOS have disturbances, such as hyperandrogenism and additional metabolic abnormalities as hyperinsulinaemia, increased insulin resistance, dyslipidemia. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) usually arises during puberty and is marked by hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism. Adolescents with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing health problems later on in life such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Furthermore, the physical signs of PCOS can be detrimental to a teenage girl's self-image. Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in adolescents are essential in ensuring adulthood health and restoring self-esteem. Treatment for an adolescent with PCOS includes diet and exercise, metformin, and oral contraceptive pills. Still, surgery is not indicated in teenagers. Furthermore, psychological factors must be taken into consideration as well.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Association of obesity and insulin resistance with dyslipidemia in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity are all potent cardiovascular risk factors that tend to cluster in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metabolic disorders in patients with PCOS cannot be explained solely by the presence of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between insulin resistance and serum lipid profile in Indian women with PCOS. SETTING: Gynecology clinic of a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study done from April 2004 to December 2004, 65 women with PCOS had their body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio calculated. Fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were also estimated in each case. Insulin resistance was defined by fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio <or=4.5. The association of obesity markers and insulin resistance with lipid parameters was then studied. Statistical analysis using student 't' and Mann Whitney U tests was done as indicated. RESULTS: Insulin resistance was seen in 50 of the 65 PCOS women. There was no correlation seen between markers of obesity such as BMI and waist/hip ratio with various lipid parameters. But in PCOS women with insulin resistance, the lipid profile was significantly different [high triglycerides, total cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] compared to insulin-sensitive women. The difference between the two groups for total cholesterol (P = 0.002), triglycerides (P =or<0.001) and HDL (P <or=0.001) was statistically significant but that for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P <or=0.07) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance is associated with dyslipidemia in women with PCOS, independent of obesity.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Metabolic approaches to the subclassification of polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between various hormonal and metabolic variables in a large group of women with unequivocal evidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) to dissect out the metabolic heterogeneity of this condition. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study of PCOS (n = 122) and non-PCOS (n = 26) subjects. SETTING: Reproductive medicine unit in a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Subjects with presumed PCOS were recruited from the Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecological Clinics and later confirmed as PCOS with recognized criteria. Several other subjects were identified through recruiting reference subjects. The PCOS population consisted of 122 patients. Reference subjects were recruited from partners of male factor infertility patients in the clinics and from the general population (n = 27). INTERVENTIONS: A 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all subjects in their midluteal phase. Blood was taken at fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, levels of integrated glucose and insulin, concentrations of maximum insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, T, triglyceride, apolipoproteins (Apo A1, B), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC). RESULTS: Five clusters could be identified. They are characterized as a nonobese group, a moderately obese group, and three very obese groups. The nonobese group (n = 41, BMI = 24.1) exhibited the lowest level of integrated insulin (236.4 mIU/L or microU/mL) and concentration of serum T (5.5 nmol/L). The moderately obese group had the second lowest level of integrated insulin (497.1 mIU/L) whereas the three very obese groups (n = 15, 13, and 5, respectively) had significantly higher but different levels of integrated insulin (group 3: 850.8 mIU/L; group 4: 1,131.5 mIU/L; and group 5: 1,531.9 mIU/L), triglyceride (group 3: 1.39 mmol/L; group 4: 1.76 mmol/L; and group 5: 2.78 mmol/L [1 mmol/L = 88mg/mL]), Apo B (group 3: 1.18 g/L; group 4: 1.08 g/L; and group 5: 1.55 g/L) and LDLC (group 3: 3.81 mmol/L; group 4: 3.05 mmol/L; and group 5: 5.06 mmol/L [1 mmol/L = 38.6 mg/100 mL]). CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic heterogeneity of the PCOS population is reflected at least partly in patients' levels of insulin, lipids, and lipoproteins, dependent and independent of BMI.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Hormonal responses to physical exercise in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) on the endocrine responses to physical exercise. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of reproductive endocrinology at the University Central Hospital of Turku and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. PATIENTS: Nine oligomenorrheic women with PCOS (body mass index [BMI] 19.5 to 46.0 kg/m2) and eight control women with regular menstrual cycles (BMI 20.0 to 53.5 kg/m2). INTERVENTIONS: A bicycle ergometer test was performed at 8 A.M. RESULTS: The only hormone response that was different between PCOS patients and controls was the exercise-induced increase in circulating GH levels. This response was significantly greater in controls than in PCOS patients. There was also a negative correlation between the GH response and BMI. The increases in the concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, glucose, and insulin:C-peptide ratios during the bicycle ergometer test were correlated negatively to BMI. CONCLUSION: Obesity is an important determinant of the hormonal responses to physical exercise. This applies also to women with PCOS. Taking obesity into account in the analysis of exercise-induced hormone responses, only little, if any, of the variation in the hormonal responses measured by us could be attributed to PCOS per se. The only hormone response that was different between PCOS patients and controls was the GH response.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[The genetics of polycystic ovaries].

The clinical characterisation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its fenotype complicate the search for its genetic causes. Still now, there is no concordance about the exact clinical phenotype for PCOS and there is still an open question whether polycystic ovaries are the necessary part of PCOS at all. Therefore, the author suggests to accept and follow Legro's proposal and genetic models in the future investigations of PCOS. Through the ethnic, familial cluster studies, through molecular genetic examinations and novel technology, we may be able to solve the problem of PCOS and find it out, how much the PCOS could be connected with mutations in human genome and how much could be the importance of environmental factors in PCOS.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The number of follicles and ovarian volume in the assessment of the response to clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the number of follicles and ovarian volume have any significance in evaluating the response to clomiphene citrate treatment in Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: A prospective study of 70 infertile women, 44 of which were diagnosed with PCOS. SETTING: Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Hospital Infertility Polyclinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follicle numbers and volumes in both ovaries, hormonal profile, response to Clomiphene Citrate (CC). Ovarian volume was significantly greater in PCOS cases than controls. However ovarian volume in the CC nonresponders was significantly greater than in CC responders in the PCOS group. The number of small follicles was significantly higher in PCOS cases than controls, and in the CC nonresponder group this number was also significantly higher than in CC responders. Endocrine features of patients with PCOS revealed that FSH, LH/FSH, DHEAS and Androstenedion do not discriminate between patients who respond to CC and those who do not respond. However, Testosterone (T) and LH levels differ significantly in responders and nonresponders. Small multiple follicles (> 9) and enlarged ovarian volume (> 6.8 ml) were the most prominent transvaginal ultrasonographic features of ovaries in CC nonresponsive patients with PCOS. Higher levels of T, LH, and significantly higher number of small follicles were associated with lack of CC response. These ultrasonographic features and laboratory assays could be clinically useful for distinguishing better the CC nonresponders from responders.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[The effects of hyperinsulinmia and insulin-like growth factor-1 on hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on ovarian androgen production in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). METHOD: 48 patients with PCOS were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI) (24 were obese BMI > 25 and 24 nonobese) (BMI < 25). 10 women with normal weight and menstruation were recruited as controls. The serum LH, FSH and testosterone (T) levels were determined. 40 cases were measured INS, IGF-1, androstenodine (A) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) after a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Ovarian stroma obtained from 10 patients with PCOS and 5 healthy women were cultured in the medium with high INS concentration (30 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml). The IGF-1 and A levels were determined. RESULTS: Two groups of patients with PCOS demonstrated significant hyperinsulinmia (HI) and hyperandrogenism. Significantly higher IGF-1 level was observed in nonobese patients (P < 0.01). Insulin markedly stimulated release of IGF-1 (4 times, P < 0.01) and A (6 times, P < 0.05) in incubation of ovarian stroma obtained from PCOS patients. A positive correlation between IGF-1 and A was present in the culture medium (r = 0.679, P < 0.05). The serum levels of SHBG were significantly lower in PCOS patients. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the women with PCOS have HI, since INS may play an important role in hyperandrogenism by upregulating IGF-1 system in ovary.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Ovarian stromal hypertrophy in polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the ovarian stromal area and clinical hormonal characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-eight women with PCOS (group 1) and 26 healthy women (group 2) participated in this study. For measuring the ovarian stromal area, transvaginal ultrasonography was performed on all women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Venous blood was sampled from the women to determine serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, androstenedione, free testosterone (FT), total testosterone (TT), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and fasting insulin and glucose levels. Two-tailed t and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Women with PCOS were heavier, and their serum FT, TT and LH levels were significantly higher than in the normals (P < .001, P < .012 and P < .001, respectively). The ovarian stromal area measured by transvaginal ultrasonography was also significantly larger than in the normals (P < .001). Only basal serum insulin levels seemed to correlate positively with the ovarian stromal area in women with PCOS (r = .43 P = .09). CONCLUSION: Although transvaginal ultrasonography has played an important role in the evaluation of women with PCOS, we could not demonstrate a relationship between the ovarian stromal area and hormonal characteristics of PCOS. Therefore, transvaginal ultrasonography and hormonal parameters must be used as complementary diagnostic methods in women with PCOS.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Evaluation of metabolic, reproductive, and gut microbiota alterations in a comparative study of different preclinical models of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted, complex metabolic and endocrine disease where gut flora is considered an important factor in causing PCOS. This study aimed to identify a suitable PCOS model that contributes to gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolic and hormonal disturbances. Prepubertal SD rats were administered with normal control (NC), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), DHT with fructose (F), DHT+ high fat diet (HFD) for 91 days, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA with fructose, DHEA with HFD for 30 days, sodium valproate (SV), sodium valproate with fructose, and sodium valproate with HFD for 21 days. The estrous cycles were assessed over this timeframe. At the end of the experiment, superoxide dismutase and uterine and ovarian morphology were evaluated, along with hormone levels, lipid profiles, and 16S rRNA genomic sequencing. All models exhibited PCOS characteristics, including hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance (p ≤ .001), multiple follicular cysts on ultrasonography, and histological alterations. Gut microbial dysbiosis was observed across all PCOS-induced groups; however, the DHT alone group showed more pronounced alterations in microbial composition than the other experimental groups. Specifically, the DHT alone group exhibited reduced abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Proteobacteria. Among the evaluated models, the DHT-only model showed more pronounced metabolic, hormonal, reproductive, and gut microbial alterations and may serve as a suitable model for PCOS research.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Single-cell expression quantitative trait locus Mendelian randomization reveals immune cell-specific causal regulatory networks and actionable targets in polycystic ovary syndrome.

ObjectiveTo systematically investigate whether the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is causally related to dysregulated gene expression in specific immune cell subsets, and to evaluate the potential of these causal genes as actionable drug targets.MethodsThis study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. The participant data included 797 PCOS cases and 140,558 controls (no direct patient recruitment was involved). Instrumental variables were derived from high-resolution immune cell-specific single-cell expression quantitative trait locus (sc-eQTL) data (OneK1K project) across 14 immune cell types. Primary analyses utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Shared causal variants were validated using Bayesian colocalization. Phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS), external transcriptomic dataset validation (GSE8157), and DrugBank database screening were conducted for pleiotropy assessment and drug repositioning.ResultsMR analysis revealed genome-wide significant causal associations for GLIPR1 in non-classical monocytes (Mono NC) and XBP1 in CD4+ effector memory T cells (CD4 ET) with PCOS risk. Higher GLIPR1 expression was associated with a decreased PCOS risk (OR = 0.669, P = 4.34×10-6), whereas higher XBP1 expression was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.406, P = 9.53×10-8). Colocalization analysis confirmed that GLIPR1 shares a causal variant with PCOS (PP.H4 = 96.73%). PheWAS and external validation confirmed the safety profile and significant upregulation (P = 0.03) of GLIPR1. Drug repositioning identified SOT-107, a Phase III protein therapy drug, as a potential interacting agent for GLIPR1.ConclusionsThis sc-eQTL MR study reveals immune cell-specific causal regulatory networks in PCOS. GLIPR1 in non-classical monocytes represents a high-confidence protective target, while XBP1 provides suggestive evidence for immune-mediated pathogenesis. The candidate drug SOT-107 highlights theoretical repositioning opportunities, though rigorous preclinical validation remains required.

Female↗

PubMed2002

Quality of life in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To examine health-related quality of life (HRQL) in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), compared with healthy adolescents, and to determine whether clinically observed or self-perceived severity of illness affects their HRQL. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study of female adolescents conducted at an urban, hospital-based adolescent medicine clinical practice. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-seven adolescent patients with PCOS and 186 healthy patients who were seen for care between October 15, 1999, and March 2, 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health-related quality-of-life scores as determined by the Child Health Questionnaire-Child Self-Report Form. RESULTS: Adolescents with PCOS scored lower on subscales measuring general health perceptions, physical functioning, general behavior, and limitations in family activities because of illness. Patients scored higher on the change in health in the last year subscale, and most had been diagnosed and initiated treatment for PCOS in the last year. Patients who had higher self-perceived severity of illness also scored lower on the general health perceptions subscale, but clinical severity was not associated with differences in HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with PCOS experience lower HRQL compared with healthy adolescents. Polycystic ovary syndrome and perceived severity of illness negatively affect HRQL in adolescents. This study suggests a need to develop interventions to reduce the distress that patients with PCOS may face as adolescents and young adults.

Adolescent↗