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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Children with low motor ability have lower visual-motor integration ability but unaffected perceptual skills.

The purpose of this study was to examine perceptual, visual-motor abilities and intellectual skills in children with low, average and above average motor abilities. The participants were 144 children (aged 6-10 years) attending elementary school. Three groups of children were identified on the basis of their performance at the TGMD (Test of Gross Motor Development; [Ulrich, D.A. (1985). TGMD, Test of Gross Motor Development. Austin, Texas: PRO-ED. Edizione Italiana a cura di D. Ianes, TEST TGM. Test di valutazione delle abilita grosso-motorie. 1994, Trento: Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson]). Each child received an intelligence test (K-BIT; [Kaufman, A.S., & Kaufman, N.L. (1990). K-BIT. Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service]) and was evaluated for perceptual and visual-motor integration abilities (DTVP; [Hammill, D.D., Pearson, N.A., & Voress, J.K. (1993). Developmental Test of Visual Perception (2nd ed.). Austin, Texas: PRO-ED. Edizione Italiana a cura di D. Ianes, TEST TPV. Test di percezione visiva e integrazione visuo-motoria. Trento: Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson]). Results highlight a significant difference in visual-motor integration between children with high and low gross-motor abilities, in the absence of significant differences in perceptual skills or intellectual ability. The findings are discussed with reference to the concept of atypical brain development [Gilger, J.W., & Kaplan, B.J. (2001). Atypical brain development: A conceptual framework for understanding developmental learning disabilities. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20, 465].

Child↗
PubMed2006

Perceptual-motor deficits in children with Down syndrome: implications for intervention.

Early intervention approaches for facilitating motor development in infants and children with Down syndrome have traditionally emphasised the acquisition of motor milestones. As increasing evidence suggests that motor milestones have limited predictive power for long-term motor outcomes, researchers have shifted their focus to understanding the underlying perceptual-motor competencies that influence motor behaviour in Down syndrome. This paper outlines a series of studies designed to evaluate the nature and extent of perceptual-motor impairments present in children with Down syndrome. 12 children with Down syndrome between the ages of 8-15 years with adaptive ages between 3-7 years (mean age = 5.6 years +/- 1.45 years) and a group of 12 typically developing children between the ages of 4-8 years (mean age = 5.4 +/- 1.31 years) were tested on their ability to make increasingly complex perceptual discriminations of motor behaviours. The results indicate that children with Down syndrome are able to make basic perceptual discriminations but show impairments in the perception of complex visual motion cues. The implications of these results for early intervention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Identification and discrimination disorders in auditory perception: a report on two cases.

Auditory perception was investigated in two brain-damaged subjects. The first patient had a left temporoparietal ischaemic lesion. He presented a right-ear extinction in dichotic tasks, as well as difficulties in understanding and repeating verbal material and impaired identification of melodies. All discrimination tests were well performed. The second patient had a right capsulolenticular and frontal ischaemic lesion. He presented a left ear dichotic extinction and severe difficulties in discrimination of environmental sounds and melodies but no major difficulty in naming and identification. From these results, it is hypothesized that identification and discrimination involve distinct mechanisms within the processing of auditory stimuli, and that they may be selectively disrupted in brain-damaged subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Pseudoneglect and the cross-over effect.

Several studies have found that patients with left hemi-neglect bisect long lines too far to the right, but bisect short lines too far to the left (the 'cross-over' effect). Some studies have reported that normal participants bisect long lines too far to the left, presumably reflecting an over-estimation of the left side due to the role of the right hemisphere in attention. The purpose of the present series of studies was to further study the cross-over effect in normal participants and to determine whether it may be due to perceptual or motor factors. Participants in the first study showed no cross-over effect on either the traditional line bisection task, or on the purely perceptual Landmark task. However, improvements in the Landmark task in Study 2 did lead to a significant cross-over effect. In Study 3 there was no cross-over on the traditional line bisection task even after changes were made to eliminate the 'ceiling effect' that is usually found with very short lines. Overall, the results suggest that normal participants do show a cross-over effect on a purely perceptual task, but not on the traditional manual line bisection task that includes a motor component. Possible implications for models of right hemispheric involvement in attention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical-psychological analysis of the development of movement, perceptual, intellectual and speech functions in children with cerebral palsy].

105 children with cerebral paralysis at the age under 3 years were examined. CNS damages in children of early age with disneuroontogenesis may be divided into 4 degrees of severity. This enables to estimate objectively both the patients' state and the results of their therapy in the groups with the same degree of severity of CNS damage. High efficiency of the complex method of metameric stimulation of the development of static-motor and psychospeech functions allows to recommend this method for treatment of children with cerebral paralysis. Application of this method in children of early age with disorders of neurologic development in some cases prevents neurologic disability.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis of seizures originating in the amygdala and the hippocampus].

INTRODUCTION: Lesions in the hippocampus of some epileptic patients were first described one hundred and seventy years ago. Since then our knowledge of the relationship between epileptic seizures and temporal lobe lesions has greatly improved. DEVELOPMENT: The aim of this paper is to systematize the symptomatology of the hippocampus and amygdala seizures. These seizures may have a great number of different clinical features: special 'loss' or 'impairment of consciousness', epileptic automatisms and autonomic changes. Moreover, at the beginning of seizures some patients have reported experiences having subjective qualities similar to those experienced in everyday life. P Gloor named them 'experiential phenomena' and subdivided them into affective (eg: fear), perceptual (eg: visual hallucinations) and mnemonic (eg: 'déjà vu' illusion). CONCLUSION: It is very important to know the contribution of the hippocampus and the amygdala to the symptomatology of temporal lobe seizures due to the progress of MRI diagnostic possibilities that are improving the surgical outcome.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2003

[The Oldenburg children's rhyme test during speech simulating noise disturbance (Regensburg variant). Modification of the test and normal values for the ages 7-10 years].

OBJECTIVE: Of the German language speech audiometry tests used for children, only the Oldenburg children's rhyme test is constructed to allow measurements in noise. Unfortunately, no reference values exist for such measurements. Many of children admitted to test speech discrimination in noise are suspected of suffering from central auditory processing disorders and/or attention deficits. Thus, the objective of the present study is the development of a speech-in-noise test that focuses the children's attention on the target words. DESIGN: A speech-simulating noise was added to the Oldenburg children's rhyme test and the discrimination function was estimated. First, the total power of all target words was equalised and the total power of the noise adjusted to obtain a constant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for all target words. Second, speech and noise were presented binaurally with headphones. Speech was presented at 65 dB SPL and the noise level varied to obtain SNRs of 0, -5 and -10 dB SN. A total of 55 normal children, 7-10 years of age, were also tested. RESULTS: Mean speech discrimination was 91+/-7% at 0 dB SN, 75+/-11% at -5 dB SN and 55+/-14% at -10 dB SN. The discrimination function results in a speech reception threshold (SRT) of -10.9 dB SN and a maximum slope of 4.95%/dB SN. CONCLUSION: The "Regensburg" variation of the "Oldenburg children's rhyme test" was easily feasible in all tested children. The results can be used as normative data for children between 7 and 10 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuropsychology and self perception].

The contribution of clinical and experimental neuropsychology to the genesis of identity is studied through the constitution of body image. The perceptual aspects are only considered and the body and face perceptions are distinguished. In both cases, pathological and experimental facts are described. It appears that neuropsychology can validate hypotheses of general psychology and brings into light new variables to be integrated into the psychology models.

Body Image↗
PubMed1998

Eye-movement disorders and visual-perceptual impairment in diplegic children born preterm: a clinical evaluation.

The visual-motor behaviour of 15 preterm diplegic children and 50 control children (age range 4 to 7 years) was recorded on video as they performed a visual-perceptual task (an adaptation of the Animal House subtest of the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence). The following parameters were analysed and scored: time to perform task; omissions; figure-colour association; sequence direction; sequential scanning order; accuracy of fitting target; and number of anticipatory saccadic movements to next target. The ability of the control children to perform the task improved significantly with age, as measured by performance time, mistakes in sequence direction and scanning order, accuracy of target fitting, and number of anticipatory saccadic movements. The scores of children with diplegia were not related to age and were poorer overall than those of the control group. Children with diplegia made significantly more mistakes of sequence direction and scanning order, and significantly fewer anticipatory saccadic movements than the control group. These results indicate that visual-perceptual impairment in diplegic children born preterm is not attributable only to sensory visual loss and to fine manipulation difficulties but is also related to difficulties in eye movements and in using anticipatory control to process information.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cognitive and perceptual distortions in borderline personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder in a vignette sample.

Clinical vignettes of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) were evaluated and rated for evidence of cognitive and perceptual distortions. The differences in the distortions of each group were then compared. The findings show that while STPD patients have significantly more cognitive and perceptual distortions than borderlines, there is an abundance of such distortions in the borderline group. The borderline group may differ, moreover, in that their cognitive and perceptual distortions were found to be significantly more object-related than those of the schizotypal group.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Case report: profound neurobehavioral deficits in an oil field worker overcome by hydrogen sulfide.

A 24-year-old oil well tester was rendered semiconscious by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). He received oxygen and was hospitalized but released in 30 minutes. The next day, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and incontinence of urine and stool led to rehospitalization. These problems and leg shaking, dizziness, sweating, trouble sleeping, and nightmares prevented his return to work. A physical examination, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests were normal 39 months after the episode but vibration sense was diminished. Two choice visual reaction times were delayed. Balance was highly abnormal (5 to 6 cm/sec) with eyes closed. Blink reflex latency was slow (R-1 17.5 msec versus normal 14.3 msec). Numbers written on finger tips were not recognized. Verbal and visual recall were impaired but overlearned memory was intact. Cognitive functions measured by Culture Fair, block design, and digit symbol were impaired. Perceptual motor was slow. Scores for confusion, tension-anxiety, depression, and fatigue were elevated and vigor was reduced. Forty-nine months after exposure his reaction time, sway speed, and color vision had not improved. His recall and his cognitive, constructional, and psychomotor speeds had improved but remained abnormal. These deficits are most likely due to H2S. Similar testing of other survivors is recommended.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1998

Relation of visual perception and visual-motor integration for clumsy children.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between visual perception and visual-motor integration in 30 normal children compared to 30 clumsy children. Difficulty in visual perception, as assessed by the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills, accounts for about half the variance in the clumsy children's performance in visual-motor integration, as assessed by the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. In contrast, the correlation between scores on these tests for normal control children was low and not significant. These results suggest that visual perception and visual-motor integration may be separate functions in normally developing children. When considering clumsy children, however, these functions cannot be considered as two independent skills.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Cerebral disconnection associated with anterior communicating artery aneurysm: implications for evaluation of symptoms.

The anterior communicating artery of a 34-year-old man was clipped to prevent a 2nd aneurysm bleed. Forty-five days later he was admitted to a rehabilitation program. On routine clinical examination, the patient demonstrated memory loss, disorientation, perceptual problems, decreased initiative, and inconsistent muscle control of the left limbs. Only during subsequent intensive testing did he demonstrate left-right conflict and asymmetric left-right performance consistent with a pattern of partial cerebral disconnection. Review of additional results, obtained during testing 8 months after onset, revealed reduction but not elimination of symptoms. The need to require bilateral response during evaluation of patients with potential asymmetric left-right performance is postulated.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Visual and perceptual characteristics, ocular motility and strabismus in children with periventricular leukomalacia.

The immature visual system is vulnerable to adverse events. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), an end-stage lesion after hypoxia-ischemia at gestational age 24-34 weeks affecting the visual radiation, has become a principal cause of visual impairment in children. Cerebral visual dysfunction caused by PVL is characterized by delayed visual maturation, subnormal visual acuity, crowding, visual field defects, and visual perceptual-cognitive problems. Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for diagnosing this brain lesion, which is associated with optic disk abnormalities, strabismus, nystagmus, and deficient visually guided eye movements. Children with PVL may present to the ophthalmologist within a clinical spectrum from severe visual impairment in combination with cerebral palsy to only early-onset esotropia, normal intellectual level and no cerebral palsy. Optimal educational and habilitational strategies need to be developed to meet the needs for this group of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Some psychological correlates of long-term heavy cannabis users.

Fifty persons who had all been heavy cannabis users for a long time were given psychological tests measuring psychomotor, perceptual and other variables. Half of these persons were "Charas" smokers, half "Bhang" drinkers. The duration of cannabis use was 4--10 years, with an average daily dose of 150 mg tetrahydrocannabinol. A matched control group of twenty-five persons were given the same tests. Compared with this group, the cannabis users were found to react more slowly, to be poorer in concentration and time estimation, to have higher neuroticism and greater perceptuo-motor disturbance. The higher neuroticism and greater perceptuo-motor disturbance. The Charas smokers were the poorest performers and also showed poor memory, lowered psychomotor activity, and poor size estimation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine: support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists.

BACKGROUND: The cognitive, behavioral, and mood effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine and ketamine, have been used to study the effects of NMDA receptor dysfunction. Pharmacological modulation of the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, may lead to development of novel therapeutic agents for psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Preclinical studies indicate that some ketamine effects may be mediated through increased glutamate release. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lamotrigine, a drug reported to inhibit glutamate release, will reduce the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine in humans. METHOD: Healthy subjects (n = 16) completed 4 test days involving the administration of lamotrigine, 300 mg by mouth, or placebo 2 hours prior to administration of ketamine (0.26 mg/kg by intravenous bolus and 0.65 mg/kg per hour by intravenous infusion) or placebo in a randomized order under double-blind conditions. Behavioral and cognitive assessments were performed at baseline and after administration of the medications. RESULTS: Lamotrigine significantly decreased ketamine-induced perceptual abnormalities as assessed by the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (P<.001); positive symptoms of schizophrenia as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale positive symptoms subscale (P<.001); negative symptoms as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale negative symptoms subscale (P<.05); and learning and memory impairment as assessed by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (P<.05). However, lamotrigine increased the immediate mood-elevating effects of ketamine (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate release-inhibiting drugs may reduce the hyperglutamatergic consequences of NMDA receptor dysfunction implicated in the pathophysiologic processes of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Further study is needed.

Adult↗