SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Recovery phases”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Changes in conglutinin, immunoconglutinin, complement C3 and fibronectin concentrations in cattle acutely infected with Babesia bovis.

Further pathophysiological studies of the hypotensive shock syndrome associated with acute Babesia bovis infection in cattle have demonstrated changes in the plasma concentrations of conglutinin, complement C3, fibronectin and immunoconglutinin. Decreases in the first three components are presumably due to their contribution towards intravascular sludging of infected erythrocytes within the microvascular system during the acute phase of infection. In contrast, the increase in fibronectin and immunoconglutinin in the recovery phase suggests the involvement of these proteins in the reticulo-endothelial clearance of infected or damaged erythrocytes, immune complexes and cryofibrinogen.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2006

Sex differences in sleep: the response to sleep deprivation and restraint stress in mice.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Numerous clinical studies and sleep surveys have shown pronounced sex differences in the occurrence of insomnia and other sleep pathologies. It has been suggested that sex differences in sleep, while subtle under baseline conditions, may increase in magnitude under biological or environmental challenges. However, controlled and experimental studies on sleep under challenged conditions rarely include female subjects. In this context, we examined sex differences in sleep in the mouse, not only under baseline conditions, but also after sleep deprivation and restraint stress. DESIGN: Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were implanted with electrodes to record sleep-wake architecture and sleep electroencephalogram under baseline conditions and after 6 hours of sleep deprivation or 1 hour of restraint stress at the beginning of the daily light phase. RESULTS: Although baseline sleep patterns slightly differed between the sexes, the homeostatic recovery response to sleep deprivation was similar. In contrast, the changes in sleep after restraint stress were markedly different between male and female mice, with males displaying a stronger initial suppression of sleep and a stronger rebound of rapid-eye-movement sleep later in the recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS: In mice, the fundamental homeostatic properties of sleep regulation may not differ between the sexes, but the way sleep is affected and disrupted by environmental influences may be sex dependent. The latter may reflect sex differences in stress sensitivity.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Shoulder impingement in front-crawl swimming: II. Analysis of stroking technique.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the technical causes of shoulder impingement experienced by front-crawl swimmers. METHODS: The shoulder movements exhibited during performance of the front-crawl stroke were measured using three-dimensional videography, and the instances at which each shoulder was experiencing impingement were identified. RESULTS: On average, impingement occurred 24.8% of the stroke time (%ST). In one or more phases of the stroke cycle, each subject experienced impingement in some trials and not in other trials. This suggests that stroke technique, and not just anatomical differences, accounted for individual susceptibility to shoulder impingement. No significant difference was found between the mean values for %ST for slow and fast stroking speeds and for trials with and without hand paddles. Use of a unilateral breathing technique was often associated with a small magnitude of tilt angle (an effect of the scapular elevation/abduction on one side and depression/adduction on the other side) on the breathing side; in such cases a high incidence of shoulder impingement was observed for the shoulder on the ipsilateral side. Swimmers at high risk of experiencing shoulder impingement had three characteristics in their stroking techniques: (a) a large amount of internal rotation of the arm during the pull phase, (b) a late initiation of external rotation of the arm during the recovery phase, and (c) a small amount of tilt angle. CONCLUSIONS: A swimmer should be able to reduce the risk of developing shoulder impingement by altering the technique to eliminate the three characteristics.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Electroconvulsive therapy in rehabilitation: the Hong Kong experience.

Persistent psychotic symptoms can intrude on an individual's cognitive and psychosocial functioning and interfere with that person's active and constructive participation in social and vocational rehabilitation. Amelioration or elimination of intrusive positive and negative symptoms of psychosis is the major task for clinicians during the acute phase of schizophrenia. Successful treatment permits the patient to transition into stabilization and recovery phases, when psychosocial rehabilitation can take primacy (1). The introduction of clozapine has enlarged the proportion of individuals with schizophrenia whose psychotic symptoms can be controlled (2), but symptoms remain refractory in a large number of patients. One largely unexplored alternative for treating individuals who are chronically disabled is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Already known for its efficacy in treating affective disorders, its effectiveness in treating schizophrenia--although more limited--has been documented over more than five decades (3,4). ECT has been found to be particularly effective in treating first-episode cases in which affective and catatonic symptoms are manifested and in 20 to 50 percent of treatment-resistant cases, including those in which the patient was nonresponsive to clozapine (5,6,7,8). Without continuation and maintenance ECT, however, results are usually short-lived (4,7,9). Tang and Ungvari have used ECT in an attempt to increase the responsiveness to psychosocial rehabilitation of patients who have treatment-refractory schizophrenia. They describe their experiences with ECT at a facility in Hong Kong, where long-term hospitalization is still the norm for a sizable proportion of patients with chronic schizophrenia. ECT is more compatible with the biological view of schizophrenia that is prevalent in Asian countries; hence it has greater cultural congruence and acceptability among consumers and families in China than in the United States.

Electroconvulsive Therapy↗

PubMed1999

Mitosis of resident macrophages in the adult rat testis.

Resident macrophages are maintained at a comparatively high, yet stable, tissue concentration in the adult rat testis. After destruction of Leydig cells by ethane dimethane sulphonate treatment, the number of resident macrophages increases briefly and then decreases to below normal values, but returns to normal after the reappearance of Leydig cells. The mechanisms by which the adult testicular macrophage population is maintained, either by monocyte recruitment or by mitosis of the resident macrophages, have not been examined. An immunohistochemical dual labelling approach using a specific monoclonal antibody for resident macrophages, ED2, and markers of mitotic activity (bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was used to investigate resident macrophage proliferation in Bouin's-fixed paraffin wax-embedded adult rat testes. Detection of the normally fixation sensitive antigen recognized by ED2 was achieved by using a decreased fixation time and antigen retrieval. Peaks of resident macrophage mitotic activity were observed during the phases of macrophage proliferation immediately after ethane dimethane sulphonate treatment and during the recovery phase associated with Leydig cell restoration. These data demonstrate that resident macrophages have the capacity to proliferate within the adult rat testis and, thus, this population of resident macrophages is maintained, at least in part, by mitotic division in situ.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Observation of click-evoked compound VIII nerve responses before, during, and over seven months after kanamycin treatment in the guinea pig.

Compound VIII nerve action potential responses to clicks and filtered-clicks were recorded regularly over a period of 7 months following Kanamycin treatment (8 days, 400 mg/kg), in 3 awake guinea pigs each with an implanted electrode on the round window (left ear). From the end of the treatment the responses to the click became dissociated in various degrees within three major phases: (1) a rapid phase (8 to 10 days) where the responses were dramatically altered, (2) a recovery phase which lasted about 2 months, (3) a slow phase over the subsequent 5 months where the responses to the click decreased slowly but gradually while the N 1 component, as well as the responses to the 8 000 Hz filtered-click (which became recruiting at the end of the treatment), disappeared progressively. Responses to the low frequency filtered-clicks were less affected. Cochlear cytograms showed almost complete degeneration of the inner and outer hair cells of the first turn only.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1987

Lung phospholipids during recovery from oxygen toxicity are altered by hydrocortisone.

Corticosteroids affect type II alveolar epithelial cells, increase the lung's content of lipids associated with pulmonary surfactant, and have been used to treat the adult respiratory distress syndrome. We used hyperoxia to produce diffuse alveolar damage in rats and then determined the contents of lung lipids and the incorporation of precursors into these lipids while the rats recovered in air and received either hydrocortisone or saline injections. With saline injections (control) the total lipid content after hyperoxia and 48 hours recovery in air was nearly twice the lipid content of lungs never exposed to hyperoxia; many lipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), shared in this increase. With hydrocortisone injections the total lipid content, when expressed per lung, was not significantly greater than with saline injections but when expressed per mg DNA several lipid subgroups, including phosphatidylcholine, were significantly greater. Palmitate incorporation into most lipids of lung slices was not significantly different by 48 hours of recovery, and hydrocortisone had a modest effect after 96 hours. In contrast to the incorporation of palmitate, the incorporation of glycerol and of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) nearly doubled in most lipids during the recovery phase. Hydrocortisone injections were associated with greater glycerol incorporation after 96 hours of recovery in nearly all lipids and LPC incorporation was increased primarily into PC. We conclude that lung lipids increase markedly during recovery from severe oxygen toxicity and that hydrocortisone leads to additional increases of saturated and unsaturated PC.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Effects of locally used SD zinc, SD silver and skin transplantation on the combined radiation-burn injury in the rat].

Effects of local use of sulfadiazine (SD) zinc, SD silver in the wound and skin transplantation on the combined injury of 6 Gy radiation and 15% TBSA burn were investigated in the present study. In the three groups of SD zinc or SD silver plus skin grafting at 15 d after combined injury and SD zinc alone, the 15-day survival rates were 63%, 69% and 75% respectively, and significantly higher than that of control group (42%). The repair time of burn wound was shorter and the number of white blood cells was lower than that of control. Animals in the group of local use of SD silver followed by skin grafting on the 7th day all died, but all of the animals survived when the skin grafting was performed after 15 days. These results suggested that SD zinc and SD silver showed some therapeutic effects on the combined radiation-burn injury. In critical phase of the combined injury, surgical operation should be prohibited. However, in the recovery phase, skin transplantation could be performed.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2005

Opportunities and challenges in risk resilient recovery.

In the post-disaster context, following the initial shock of the disaster, returning lives and livelihoods to normality becomes a primary concern of the affected communities and nations. Traditionally, this has been known as recovery phase, where "normalcy" referred to the same situation as when the disaster occurred. Recovery is defined as "Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring or improving the pre-disaster living conditions of the stricken community, while encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce disaster risk" (www.unisdr.org), This process of "Recovery" from the impact of disaster must be across various sectors, namely shelter, infrastructure, healthcare services, agriculture, economic and social rehabilitation. Recovery from disasters is increasingly being regarded as an opportunity to build to a higher standard of disaster resilience, preferably even integrating structural and non-structural mitigation measures for future disasters.

Delivery of Health Care↗

PubMed1992

Stromal acidosis affects corneal hydration control.

An estimate of overall corneal hydration control can be obtained by measuring the rate of thickness recovery following induced corneal swelling; it is expressed as the percent recovery per hour (PRPH). This recovery is nearly, but not exactly, exponential, because there appears to be an initial slower recovery phase lasting about 30-40 minutes. This 30-40 minute period of slower recovery corresponds to the time when corneal pH is reduced secondary to the contact lens-induced swelling, suggesting the possibility that stromal acidosis may retard the corneal deswelling process. In this study, we explored the effects of corneal acidosis on hydration control by monitoring corneal recovery under normal and reduced pH conditions. Corneal pH was controlled by having subjects were goggles and exposing their eyes to air (normal pH) or a gas mixture providing 21% O2 and 7% CO2 (low pH). Relative corneal pH levels were monitored by measuring fluorescence intensity (FI) ratios, which showed that the average (+/- standard deviation) FI ratio was significantly lower under 7% CO2 (0.838 +/- .024) vs air (0.985 +/- .025; P = 0.0001), corresponding to approximate pH values of 7.25 vs 7.50. Under these reduced pH conditions, open-eye steady-state (OESS) corneal thickness was not substantially affected. For 10 subjects, mean (+/- SD) corneal thickness decreased 0.93 +/- 3.7 microns vs 1.10 +/- 4.50 microns after exposures to 60 minutes of 7% CO2 and 40 minutes of air (P greater than or equal to 0.45), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acidosis↗

PubMed1981

Envenomation by sea snake in Queensland.

A case of a near-fatal sea snake bite, believed to the the first such case in Australia, is presented. The two-year-old girl victim became unconscious and apnoeic soon after envenomation by an Astrotia stokesii, and required artificial ventilation for 22 hours. She regained consciousness 4 1/2 hours after the administration of antivenom. The recovery phase was marked by hallucinations and tonic spasms. The patient made a full recovery before discharge from hospital.

Australia↗

PubMed1993

[The injured patient and the psyche].

This paper aims at presenting a theoretical approach of actual work done for many years with patients awaking from coma. Its general methodology comes from Peircean semiotics and reveals a deep split between a "tone" and a "type". Some of the epistemological conditions that found the treatment of singular cases are here explored. Then a model is built inspired by the Lacan's "phase of mirror", that reveals the way the team refers to the "semiotic recovery" phase.

Coma↗

PubMed1979

Lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple sclerosis: serial studies and clinical correlations.

Total lymphocyte counts and T and SIg+ cell numbers in peripheral blood were determined in 74 healthy controls and 44 MS patients. Twenty-five patients were studied in relapse and at two intervals after ACTH. Nineteen had not relapsed for 6 months but most had progressed clinically. MS patients showed significantly lower total lymphocyte counts which were not correlated with disease activity. Subpopulation analyses showed the MS patients to have significantly lower T cell numbers and significantly elevated SIg+ cell numbers and percentages. Although T cell numbers were low in all phases, both T and SIg+ cell abnormalities were maximal in progressive disease or in the recovery phase after relapse and a significant fall in T cell percentage and rise in SIg+ cell number was confirmed in serial studies of 16 patients followed from relapse to recovery. SIg+ cell numbers correlated negatively with relapse rate and correlated positively with the ratio of disability to number of relapses. The incidence in MS patients of HLA A3 was significantly increased and of HLA B12 and HLA BW40 significantly decreased but no correlation was seen between HLA phenotype and T, SIg+ or total lymphocyte counts. It is suggested that the peripheral blood SIg+ cell abnormalities and some of the T cell abnormalities are secondary to the pathological process, perhaps due to antigenic stimulation and particularly in non-relapsing progressive disease. Their possible role in influencing recovery or progression is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids in serum of patients with acute hepatitis.

The concentrations of glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids in the serum of 15 patients with acute hepatitis were determined by mass fragmentography. Total serum bile acid levels were 13.79-444.10 mumol/liter, and the percentages of glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids were in the wide ranges of 1.7-33% and 2.4-49%, respectively. In four of the five patients for whom serum bile acids were analyzed serially from the acute to the recovery stages of acute hepatitis, the decrease of the glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids was slower than that of nonglucuronidated, nonsulfated bile acids. Thus, the relative proportion of the glucuronides and sulfates in total bile acids apparently increased during the recovery phase. The mechanism for the relative predominance of bile acid esters in serum during recovery is unknown but might reflect an improved excretion of the nonesterified bile acids into bile after the rapid recovery of intrahepatic cholestasis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1988

Fluorescence studies on the dissociation and denaturation of pigeon liver malic enzyme.

Exposure of pigeon liver malic enzyme [S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40) in medium concentrations of guanidine-HCl at 25 degrees C and pH 7.45 caused biphasic conformational changes of the enzyme molecule. Molecular weight determination confirmed that the enzyme tetramers were dissociated to monomers in phase I transition. Enzymatic activity was completely lost in this phase. Recovery of the enzyme activity was only possible in the early stages of the phase I transition. Phase II was due to enzyme unfolding, as judged by circular dichroism and the fluorescence parameters of the enzyme. The steps of the transformation of native malic enzyme into a completely denatured state were in the following sequence: tetramer----monomer----random coil. Extensive denaturation of the enzyme molecule resulted in irreversible aggregation. Dissociation and denaturation were accompanied by a red-shift of the fluorescence spectrum (328----368 nm). Fluorescence quenching studies indicated that tryptophan residues of the enzyme molecule were buried deeply in the interior of the molecule. The tryptophan residues were only partially accessible by acrylamide and almost inaccessible by KI. Dissociation and denaturation were accompanied by exposure of the tryptophan residues, as manifested by the accessibility of the enzyme molecule toward KI or acrylamide.

Acrylamide↗

PubMed2000

Predicting the severity of intestinal graft-versus-host disease from leukotriene B4 levels after bone marrow transplantation.

Intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) produces clinical manifestations and histological changes resembling those of ulcerative colitis and has been treated with drugs which are used for ulcerative colitis. These two conditions also resemble each other with respect to changes of cytokines. Accordingly, we investigated whether the level of leukotriene B4, a risk factor for ulcerative colitis, was also a risk factor or prognostic indicator for intestinal GVHD. The pre-conditioning leukotriene B4 level was significantly related to the grade of intestinal GVHD in 42 patients (P < 0.01). Compared with patients who did not develop severe intestinal GVHD after bone marrow transplantation, those who did had significantly higher interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma levels during the aplastic phase (P <0.01), followed by higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels during the recovery phase (P < 0.0001), with significant elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma occurring in association with exacerbations of intestinal GVHD (P < 0.001). These findings suggest a similarity between the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and intestinal GVHD and raise the possibility that leukotriene B4 may be a useful prognostic indicator for intestinal GVHD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I responses to moderate submaximal acute physical exercise in man: effects of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, administration.

We evaluated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) response to moderate submaximal acute short-term physical exercise under basal conditions and after the administration of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue (SA), in a double-blind, counter-balanced experimental protocol. Seven untrained male volunteers performed two identical exercise tests, each on a treadmill (2.5% slope) for 30 minutes (min) at 60% of VO2max. Before starting the exercise test all the subjects received a single administration of placebo or octreotide and vice versa at two different sessions. Plasma GH, IGF-I and lactate assays were evaluated before starting, during, at the end and in the recovery phase. In the placebo-treated group GH rose significantly both during exercise and recovery whereas no significant modifications in IGF-I levels were observed. SA administration inhibited the exercise-dependent GH secretion, which showed a small rise only during exercise and returned to basal levels during recovery. In the same group, IGF-I decreased significantly after exercise compared to basal values. The results suggest that 1) in our experimental conditions acute physical exercise at aerobic threshold does not modify IGF-I concentration 2) SA is able to inhibit the exercise-dependent GH secretion and to decrease post-exercise IGF-I concentration.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Elevated nitric oxide metabolite levels in chronic sinusitis.

Decreased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is found in chronic sinusitis. NO metabolites (nitrates, nitrites, and S-nitrosothiols) were measured in sinus lavages with a rabbit model of chronic sinusitis. NO metabolite levels (mean +/- SD) were 3.0+/-1.6 micromol/L in uninfected rabbits, 10.7+/-11.4 micromol/L in infected animals, and 7.6+/-5.4 micromol/L in postantrostomy recovering animals. Infected sinuses had elevated levels of NO metabolites that were statistically significant (P<0.01) when compared with uninfected sinuses. Mucociliary transport velocity was measured in uninfected (16.0+/-5.7 mm/minute), infected (5.2+/-1.3 mm/minute), and recovery phases (3.0 mm/minute). Endoscopic appearance, light and electron microscopy, and bacterial cultures improved during recovery. Elevated levels of NO metabolites were found during chronic sinusitis and began to return to normal levels during recovery. The possible link between NO in epithelial autotoxicity and host defense mechanisms warrants further investigation.

Animals↗