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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Comparison of the effects of three fluorocarbons on certain bacteria.

Three fluorocarbons were tested to determine their effect on bacterial growth. Freon 11 and 21 in various concentrations had an inhibitory effect on selected test organisms, but Freon 22 had no effect. Both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, as well as gram-positive and gram-negative species, were included among the bacteria tested. Freon 11 and 21 caused a similar response with Freon 11 being more inhibitory to some species and Freon 21 more inhibitory to others. Inhibition was dependent on the concentration of the halocarbon and resulted in decreased respiration rates at all concentrations tested. Results reported here indicate that the action of the fluorocarbons tested is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic, Serratia marcescens and Clostridium botulinum were the species most sensitive to the halocarbons tested.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1976

Penicillin tolerance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evidence disallowing a penicillinase-mediated mechanism from a refined microbiological assay method.

A microbiological assay method has been developed and applied to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, for the purpose of detecting enzymatic deactivation of benzyl penicillin. Calibration of the method, using strains of Escherichia coli K-12 with previously reported penicillinase (EC 3.5.2.6.) activities, has shown that it is extremely sensitive and may be used in a quantitative manner. At the limit of sensitivity the test is able to detect penicillin breakdown in the order of 3 X 10(-3) mug in 48 h, which is equivalent to about 7 X 10(-8) mumol/min per milligram dry weight of cells. Over 100 strains of N. gonorrhoeae, most of them resistant to penicillin, were screened for their ability to deactivate penicillin during 48 h of growth in the presence of subinhibitory levels. No deactivation was detected. It is concluded, from quantitative evidence, that reduced penicillin sensitivity in N. gonorrhoeae is not due to the enzymatic deactivation of the antibiotic.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Respiratory activity as a determinant of radiation survival response.

Respiration is depressed in irradiated bacteria reaching a minimum level in most strains at 1-3 h after exposure when incubated in growth medium. Since a delay in response is observed, direct action on respiratory enzymes is unlikely. The dosage response of respiration varies widely in the strains studied with Do's from 15 kR for Escherichia coli BS-1 to 1200 kR for Micrococcus radiodurans. All strains exhibit two-component dosage-response curves. Escherichia coli BS-1 uniquely possesses a positive-sloped second component suggesting a major disruption of respiratory control. A relationship exists between the responses of respiration and survival to a 50-kR exposure in the strains studied. When E. coli B/r is grown in 0.4% glucose reaching a pH of 5.3, a condition known to increase radiation survival considerably, a large increase in radioresistance of respiration is found. 2-Mercaptoethylamine (MEA), a radioprotective agent, also produces proportionate radioprotection of respiration and survival. In M. radiodurans protection is afforded to respiration at doses which produce no measurable effect on survival. These facts suggest that respiration is a major factor in influencing cell survival and may be the principal mechanism through which chemical agents modify radiation response.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1981

Bioassay of clindamycin in bile.

This study compares different preparations of standard solutions for determining clindamycin in bile. Pooled human serum, ox bile, 10% human bile, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer were compared, and pooled human bile was serving as reference standard curve. The use of pooled human serum and ox bile resulted in a considerable error of overestimation of clindamycin in bile. An error of underestimation occurred when 10% human bile or 0.1 M phosphate buffer was used as a standard solution. It is concluded that none of the different preparations tested are acceptable substitutes for human bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetic studies of azlocillin and piperacillin during late pregnancy.

In this paper pharmacokinetic data of acylureidopenicillins (azlocillin and piperacillin) in pregnant women in the last trimenon are compared with those from nonpregnant controls. Four g of each drug was administered as slow bolus injection intravenously. The concentrations in serum and urine of both drugs were determined by polarographic and microbiological methods, for comparison. We used for evaluation of pharmacokinetic data a computer program based on the equations of a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Our investigations show that there are not any different pharmacokinetic values of both antibiotics between pregnant women and healthy nonpregnant volunteers. We can state that both antibiotics are well determined by both analyzing methods which give us identical pharmacokinetic results.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The penetration of lincomycin into normal human bone. Determination of penetration into compact bone, spongy bone and bone marrow.

The penetration of lincomycin into normal bone was studied in 10 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, a separate determination being made of the lincomycin concentration in serum, bone marrow, spongy bone and compact bone. The concentration of lincomycin in bone marrow was found to be at the same level as that in the serum. The concentration in spongy bone amounted in most cases to 50 to 75 percent of the concentration in the serum, whereas the concentration in compact bone varied from 0 to 15 percent of that in the serum.

Aged↗