SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Structural equation modeling”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Factor replication of the Reduced Laffrey Health Conception Scale.

This study replicated the factor model for the Reduced Laffrey Health Conception Scale (RLHCS), which was originally developed by Laffrey (1986) and reduced by Lusk, Kerr, and Baer (1995). Two independent samples of construction workers (n = 697 and n = 510) were used. The samples were predominately Caucasian males (over 97%), with mean ages of 35 and 38 years, respectively. Principal components factor analysis with direct oblimin rotation and structural equation modeling were used to replicate factors and to test the equality of the three observed covariance matrices (factory workers and two groups of construction workers), respectively. Results replicated the two-factor structure (clinical health and overall wellness) found in the earlier study with factory workers (Lusk et al., 1995) and demonstrated factor invariance across different samples.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Changes in effective connectivity models in the presence of task-correlated motion: an fMRI study.

We investigated the effects of motion-correction strategy and time course selection method when structural equation modeling is applied to fMRI data in the presence of task-correlated motion. Three motion-correction methods were employed for a group of 12 subjects performing an orthographic lexical retrieval task: (1) a rigid body realignment as implemented in SPM99, (2) a rigid body realignment combined with the inclusion of motion parameters in the statistical model, and (3) the FLIRT motion correction followed by an ICA analysis aiming to identify and remove the motion-related components and the ghosting artifacts. For each motion correction, the time courses of the activated regions were selected in three ways: (1) using the voxels with the highest Z scores, (2) using the average across all the statistically significant voxels in the region of interest, and (3) using a within-region, across-subjects, singular value decomposition. The resulting models of effective connectivity were markedly different, although the activation pattern was not substantially altered by the motion-correction method. Higher values for the path coefficients were obtained for the models fitted to the covariance matrices based on the average time courses than for the covariance matrices based on a single voxel time course. Our results suggest caution with the interpretation of task-induced changes in effective connectivity since, for higher-order cognitive brain functions, multiple models can be fitted to a given data set and these models cannot be rejected on an anatomical or cognitive basis. Hum. Brain Mapping 21:49-63, 2004.

Brain Mapping↗

PubMed2006

A model of stage of change to recommend colonoscopy among urban primary care physicians.

Theory is little used in the prediction of physician cancer screening stage of change. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the theoretical predictors of stage of change to recommend colonoscopy among 235 urban physicians. Constructs from the theory of planned behavior, social-cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model were systematically tested. As predicted, contextual factors, such as the physicians' ages, their race-ethnicities, patient race-ethnicity, and office-related barriers to preventive care were associated with stage of change through self-efficacy, normative beliefs, and negative behavioral beliefs. The findings demonstrate the relevance of these models to studying the behavior of physicians and support the development of interventions that are tailored to normative beliefs and specific physician cognitions for colonoscopy recommendation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using two factor structures of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale for assessing adaptation to breast cancer.

The validity and reliability of two factor structures of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale for assessing coping style was assessed by examining the relationship between the subscales, psychological distress, and quality of life (QOL) among Stage II and Stage IV breast cancer patients in four phases. First, MANOVAs assessed differences in coping, distress, and QOL across disease stages. Second, for each MAC factor structure, canonical correlation analyses assessed the relationship between coping styles, distress, and QOL, for each disease-stage group separately. Third, structural equation modeling (SEM) assessed the relationship among coping styles, distress, and QOL for all participants. Finally, the internal consistency of both MAC factor structures was assessed using Chronbach's alpha. The results were as follows: (1) significant differences across disease stages were found for coping styles using either the Watson or the Schwartz MAC subscales, but there were no differences in levels of distress or QOL; (2) for both MAC factor structures, coping style was found to be highly related to emotional distress and QOL, however, the strengths of the correlations between individual coping styles and distress/QOL indicators varied across disease stages; (3) SEM indicated that coping style was significantly related to distress and QOL when stage of disease was not considered, and that coping style and indicators of distress/QOL are separate, but highly correlated factors, as opposed to a single latent construct; and, (4) the Watson MAC subscales showed slightly better internal consistency than the Schwartz MAC subscales. Taken together, these findings highlight: (i) the validity of both MAC factor structures for clinical and research use with American breast cancer patients; (ii) the role of coping style as a mediator between disease stage and psychological distress and QOL; and, (iii) the need for refinement of certain Watson and Schwartz subscales.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Organizational climate partially mediates the effect of culture on work attitudes and staff turnover in mental health services.

Staff turnover in mental health service organizations is an ongoing problem with implications for staff morale, productivity, organizational effectiveness, and implementation of innovation. Recent studies in public sector services have examined the impact of organizational culture and climate on work attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) and, ultimately, staff turnover. However, mediational models of the impact of culture and climate on work attitudes have not been examined. The present study examined full and partial mediation models of the effects of culture and climate on work attitudes and the subsequent impact of work attitudes on staff turnover. Multilevel structural equation models supported a partial mediation model in which organizational culture had both direct influence on work attitudes and indirect influence through organizational climate. Work attitudes significantly predicted one-year staff turnover rates. These findings support the contention that both culture and climate impact work attitudes and subsequent staff turnover.

Attitude↗

PubMed1992

Early disruptive behavior, poor school achievement, delinquent behavior, and delinquent personality: longitudinal analyses.

Three alternative models concerning the causal links between early disruptive behavior, poor school achievement, and delinquent behavior or antisocial personality were tested with linear structural equation modeling. Subjects were boys and girls followed from first grade to age 14. Disruptive behavior was assessed in Grade 1; school achievement was assessed in Grades 1 and 4; delinquent behavior and antisocial personality were assessed at age 14. With regard to self-reported delinquent behavior at age 14, results indicate that the best model for boys was a direct causal link between Grade 1 disruptive behavior and delinquent behavior. Poor school achievement was not a necessary causal factor. For girls, none of the tested models were a good fit to the delinquent behavior data. As for delinquent personality, results indicate that, for both boys and girls, poor school achievement was a necessary component of the causal path between Grade 1 disruptive behavior and age 14 delinquent personality.

Achievement↗

PubMed2004

Religion as a resource for positive youth development: religion, social capital, and moral outcomes.

Although existing literature demonstrates that developmental benefits are associated with religion for adolescents, little is understood about the dynamics of this relationship. Drawing on social capital theory, this study tested a conceptual model exploring socially embedded religious influences on moral outcomes. A three-dimensional model of social capital demonstrated how social interaction, trust, and shared vision enable social ties associated with religiousness to influence moral behavior. Structural equation modeling was used with data gathered from 735 urban youths to test a proposed model of the effects of religiousness on moral outcomes. Results suggested that religiously active youths report higher levels of social capital resources and that the influence of adolescent religiousness on moral outcomes was mediated through social capital resources. Suggestions for further research and implications for faith-based youth development organizations are considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Putting the individual back into individual growth curves.

Scaling of time (age) in latent growth curve (LGC) models has important implications for studies of development. When participants begin a study at different ages, sample means and covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches produce biased estimates of the variance of the intercept and the covariance between the Intercept and Slope factors. However, individual data vector-based SEM approaches produce proper estimates of these parameters that are identical to those produced by multilevel modeling (MLM). Scaling of the time variable also raises issues regarding the interpretation of within- and between-persons effects of time that parallel those associated with centering of predictor variables in MLM. A numerical example is used to illustrate these issues, and an Mx script for fitting individual data vector-based LGC models is provided.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is the Nursing Work Index measuring up? Moving beyond estimating reliability to testing validity.

BACKGROUND: The Nursing Work Index (NWI) provided the foundation for three published instruments, each presented as a valid measure of the nursing practice environment. Aiken and Patrician [Aiken, L. H., & Patrician, P. A. (2000). Measuring organizational traits of hospitals: The Revised Nursing Work Index. Nursing Research, 49, 146-153] revised the NWI to the Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R), reporting four conceptually derived subscales. Lake [Lake, E. T.(2002). Development of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Research in Nursing and Health, 25,176-188] used factor analysis to empirically derive five subscales with a composite overarching practice environment factor. Estabrooks et al. [Estabrooks, C. A., Tourangeau, A. E., Humphrey,C. K., Hesketh, K. L., Giovannetti, P., Thomson, D., et al. (2002). Measuring the hospital practice environment: A Canadian context. Research in Nursing and Health, 25, 256-268] reported a single empirically derived factor solution that represented the nursing practice environment. OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity of three instruments (based on the NWI) as measures of the nursing practice environment. METHODS: The measurement models underlying the three instruments were reconstructed from the information provided by each author in published manuscripts and then were estimated using structural equation modeling (SEM), the chi-square test of model fit, and data from the 1998 Canadian Nurse Survey. RESULTS: Each of the three underlying measurement models was factor analytic in design (multiple indicators of each concept) and failed significantly when compared with the data (Aiken & Patrician; chi2 = 939.12, p <.001, df = 50; Lake, chi2 = 17,872.73, p <.001, df = 319; Estabrooks et al., chi2= 38,590.29, p <.001). This lack of model fit with the data raises questions about the validity of these instruments as measures of the nursing practice environment. DISCUSSION: The nursing practice environment is complex and has been examined inadequately by factor-analytic approaches, largely because insufficient attention has been paid to implicit underlying theory. The development and testing of robust theory using powerful research methods available to examine causal relationships in complex theoretical models will advance understanding of constructs such as the nursing practice environment.

Canada↗

PubMed2005

The role of alcohol-specific socialization in adolescents' drinking behaviour.

AIMS: To determine which alcohol-specific socialization practices are related to adolescents' alcohol use, and to investigate whether parents differ in their alcohol-specific socialization towards their children. DESIGN: In a sample of 428 families, both parents and two adolescents (aged 13-16 years) completed a questionnaire at home about alcohol-specific parenting and their own alcohol use. Based on the reports of each family member, three different models of alcohol-specific socialization were formulated: from the perspective of the siblings, the mother and the father. FINDINGS: Results of structural equation modelling generally showed the same associations between alcohol-specific socialization and drinking of younger and older adolescents. The strongest association was found for providing alcohol-specific rules. Applying strict rules about alcohol use was negatively related to adolescents' alcohol use; this was also the case for having confidence in the effectiveness of alcohol-specific socialization. Unexpectedly, frequency of communication about alcohol issues was positively associated with alcohol consumption of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to examine associations between alcohol-specific socialization and adolescents' drinking using a between- and a within-family design. Results showed strong associations between alcohol-specific socialization (particularly of enforcing rules) and adolescent alcohol use. Although parents strongly differentiated their socialization practices between children, no differences in associations between alcohol-specific socialization and drinking were found between older and younger adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Attributional style as a mediator between parental abuse risk and child internalizing symptomatology.

This study examined a model wherein children's attributional style mediates the relationship between parental physical child-abuse risk and children's internalizing problems. Using structural equation modeling, three indices of abuse risk were selected (child abuse potential, physical discipline use, and dysfunctional parenting style) and two indices of children's internalizing problems (depression and anxiety). The sample included 75 parent-child dyads, in which parents reported on their abuse risk and children independently completed measures of depressive and anxious symptomatology and a measure on their attributional style. Findings supported the model that children's attributional style for positive events (but not negative events) partially mediated the relationship between abuse risk and internalizing symptoms, with significant direct and indirect effects of abuse risk on internalizing symptomatology. Future directions to continue evaluating additional mediators and other possible contextual variables are discussed.

Adoption↗

PubMed2004

Adult and group influences on participation in youth empowerment programs.

This study examined adult and group influences on youth participation in youth empowerment (YE) Statewide Youth Movement Against Tobacco Use programs. Adults provide individual guidance to youth groups and through existing tobacco control networks affect the social context in which YE programs are implemented. The authors tested hypotheses about the direct and indirect relationships between adults, groups, and youth collective participation. They used data from adults and youths to develop a measurement model of four higher order factors: adult involvement, group structure, group climate, and collective participation. They tested relationships between these factors in a structural equation model. Results showed that adult involvement did not have a meaningful direct effect on group factors or collective participation. Group factors mediated the relationship between adult involvement and collective participation. Further research is needed on how to measure adult involvement and its relationship to youth participation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Comparison of several expressions of two-way ANOVA for a latent factor: analysis of the relation between music and mood].

The purpose of this research is to provide a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model for a latent factor. Typical psychological studies measure mental states with questionnaires and analyze the variance of the measures into the portions attributable to various sources. This type of research, when conducted under regular ANOVA designs, uses total score as the dependent measures. However, this method is based on the unrealistic presumption that every item on the questionnaire has the same factor loading on the attribute being measured. In this research, we incorporated factor analysis model, and used a latent factor instead of total score as the dependent measure, thereby applying ANOVA under a more realistic assumption. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to express statistical models. This paper also examined a relation between music and mood, which is a quite popular area of research in psychology of music. To study the possible effects of tonality and key-signature on mood, music was chosen to represent tonality and key-signature conditions.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Self-determination and persistence in a real-life setting: toward a motivational model of high school dropout.

The purpose of this study was to propose and test a motivational model of high school dropout. The model posits that teachers, parents, and the school administration's behaviors towards students influence students' perceptions of competence and autonomy. The less autonomy supportive the social agents' behaviors are, the less positive the students' perceptions of competence and autonomy. In turn, the less positive students' perceptions are, the lower their level of self-determined school motivation are. Finally, low levels of self-determined motivation lead students to develop intentions to drop out of high school, which are later implemented, leading to actual dropout behavior. This model was tested with high school students (N = 4,537) by means of a prospective design. Results from analyses of variance and a structural equation modeling analysis (with LISREL) were found to support the model for all participants and for each gender separately.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Dimensions of the Life Satisfaction Index A: a structural formulation.

This research aimed to clarify the dimensionality of the Life Satisfaction Index A. A multiple indicator structural equation model that includes 11 items loading on three first-order factors and one second-order factor was proposed to delineate the structure of the Life Satisfaction Index A. This model was examined empirically by using data from the 1974 National Council on Aging/Harris survey, Myths and Realities of Aging in America. The proposed formulation was supported and consistently replicated across four randomly divided subsamples.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Popularity, friendship quantity, and friendship quality: interactive influences on children's loneliness and depression.

A mediational model positing that the effects of popularity on children's loneliness and depression are passed through indexes of friendship experiences was tested using structural equation modeling. Children (193 3rd through 6th graders) completed a battery of sociometric and self-report questionnaires from which measures of popularity, multiple friendship dimensions (i.e., quantity and quality of best and good friendships), and loneliness and depression were derived. Confirmation of a slightly modified model supported the mediational hypothesis. Although popularity exerted no direct impact on the adjustment indexes, it strongly influenced friendship, which, in turn, affected depression through its strong association with loneliness. It appears that popularity is important for setting the stage for relationship development, but that it is dyadic friendship experiences that most directly influence feelings of loneliness and depression.

Child↗

PubMed1993

The influence of parent, sibling, and peer modeling and attitudes on adolescent use of alcohol.

This 1-year prospective study of 173 families with two or more children examines the influence of parent, sibling, and peer modeling (i.e., use) and attitudes on adolescent use of alcohol. Independent questionnaire data were obtained from the adolescent, father, mother, and sibling(s). Structural equation modeling methods were employed to examine these relationships. Parent attitude toward youth alcohol use and parent modeling of alcohol use were strongly related to change in adolescent alcohol use, suggesting that parents can influence the future use of alcohol by their children. Peer and sibling modeling and peer attitudes also influenced adolescent alcohol use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Cognitive and motivational processes underlying coping flexibility: a dual-process model.

Discriminative facility was proposed as a cognitive process and need for closure was proposed as a motivational process underlying coping flexibility. The dual-process model posits that need for closure influences discriminative facility, which in turn modifies coping flexibility and psychological adjustment. In Study 1, results of structural equation modeling provided support for the dual-process model. This model was further examined using experimental methods (Study 2) and a prospective design (Study 3). Consistent with the dual-process model, results from all 3 studies showed that participants who were more motivated to seek alternative coping strategies tended to encode stressful situations in a more differentiated way. These individuals used a greater variety of strategies to fit different situational demands and were better adjusted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗