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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Associated movement as a sequel to thoracotomy: aberrant regeneration to the latissimus dorsi muscle.

We describe two patients with unusual associated movements as a sequel to thoracotomy. The two patients developed involuntary twitchings of the latissimus dorsi, which were induced by contractions of the adjacent muscles, the serratus anterior muscle in patient 1 and the external intercostal muscle in patient 2, after lobectomy for lung cancer. Electrophysiological and radiological studies showed that aberrant regeneration from the adjacent nerves to the denervated latissimus dorsi could be responsible for the associated movements.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1986

The rectus abdominis syndrome: a case report.

The case is reported of a patient with a rectus abdominis syndrome. Attention is drawn to the possibility that patients with abdominal pain, in whom no intra-abdominal cause is found, may suffer from this presumed nerve entrapment syndrome. No surgery is required and therapy can be simple.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1981

Terminal sprouting of motoneurones is a local response to a local stimulus.

Terminal sprouting was visualized in silver stained whole mounts of rat sternocostal muscles after resecting one segmental nerve. Sprouts were only found near denervated muscle fibres. The effective diffusion range of the sprout inducing factor released by denervated fibres was 50--100 micrometers. Individual terminals of the same motoneurone sprout independently of each other and only when they intercept the sprout inducing factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The post-mastectomy pain syndrome and the effect of topical capsaicin.

Eighteen patients with the post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) form the basis of this study. PMPS probably occurs in a minority of women after mastectomy. The onset of persistent pain usually occurred immediately or very shortly after the operation. The pain location or sensory findings implied involvement of the territories of other cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves as well as the intercostobrachial nerve. A variety of treatment approaches were unsatisfactory. Twelve of 14 patients completing treatment with topical 0.025% capsaicin showed improvement after 4 weeks and 8 (57%) were judged to be good or excellent responses. Six months after the trial's completion 50% of those followed continued to have good pain relief. This therapy should now be subjected to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Effect of intercostal nerve blockade on respiratory mechanics and CO2 chemosensitivity at rest and exercise.

Lower intercostal and abdominal muscles interact with other respiratory muscles to produce inspiration as well as expiration. Intercostal nerve blockade from T6-T12 was produced in seven healthy males to study its effect on: 1) supine pulmonary function, 2) inspiratory effort, 3) hypercapnic ventilatory response, including mouth occlusion pressures with and without an expiratory load, and 4) ventilation during progressive exercise on a cycle ergometer. Studies during control and blocked states were performed on different days. Lower chest and abdominal wall paralysis was documented with electromyography. Findings include a minimal decrease in peak expiratory flows with intercostal blockade (P = 0.02), but no other changes in supine resting pulmonary function tests, inspiratory effort, or hypercapnic ventilatory response slopes. Minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and VT/TI during exercise were also minimally increased, indicating an increase in the drive to breathe, which was unrelated to a change in metabolic rate. During exercise, total time to exhaustion was decreased following intercostal nerve blockade. Bilateral intercostal nerve blockade produced minimal decreases in peak expiratory flow at rest in supine subjects. During seated exercise, there was a slight increase in respiratory drive, probably due to minor alterations in the mechanics of breathing induced by intercostal blockade. The authors conclude that, in healthy young subjects, intercostal nerve blockade does not exert a clinically significant adverse affect on pulmonary mechanics and that ventilatory function is well-maintained even at extremes of ventilatory demand.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Transfer of the medial pectoral nerve: myth or reality?

OBJECTIVE: Transfer of the medial pectoral nerve is one of the most controversial procedures used to reinnervate the paralyzed upper arm because of brachial plexus spinal nerve root avulsion or directly irreparable proximal lesions of spinal nerves. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of this type of nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves. METHODS: The 25 patients included in the study comprised 14 patients who had nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve and 11 who underwent nerve transfer to the axillary nerve. These patients' functional recovery and the time course of their recovery were analyzed according to the type of transfer of one donor nerve or the donor nerve in combination with other donors. RESULTS: Useful functional recovery was achieved in 85.7% of patients who had nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve and in 81.8% of patients who underwent nerve transfer to the axillary nerve. There was no significant difference in results with regard to the type of nerve transfer and which recipient nerves were involved. A strong trend toward better results after procedures involving the use of a donor nerve combined with other donors was observed, however. CONCLUSION: Our surgical results suggest that the transfer of the medial pectoral nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve and also to the axillary nerve may be a reliable and effective procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Rectus sheath block for diagnostic laparoscopy.

Sixty adult females of ASA grade 1 or 2 scheduled to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy were allocated randomly to one of two groups. In group A, laparoscopy was performed with a standardised general anaesthetic technique alone. In group B, the same general anaesthetic technique was supplemented with bilateral rectus sheath block. Postoperative analgesia was assessed at 1, 6 and 10 hours after operation. Visual analogue pain scores in group B were significantly lower than in group A despite a greater use of intramuscular analgesic injections in group A (p less than 0.005 in each case).

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Ventral root mapping of cardiac nerves in the canine using evoked potentials.

The sympathetic efferent contribution of left ventral roots T2, T3, and T4 to some cardiac nerves was studied using evoked potentials in mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Electrical stimulation of the ventral roots while recording evoked potentials from the sympathetic chain, anterior ansa subclavia, posterior ansa, ventrolateral cervical cardiac nerve, ventromedial cervical cardiac nerve, and the vagosympathetic trunk demonstrated that A-, B-, and C-type fibers exist in these efferent neural pathways. The range of conduction velocities observed was 0.7-104 m/s. T2 contributed the largest number of A-type fibers, and T2 and T3 contributed C-type fibers equally, while T4 had the least number of fibers coursing through the cardiac nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Expiratory activity in transferred intercostal nerves in brachial plexus injury patients.

Involuntary activity of transferred intercostal motor units was examined in patients with brachial plexus injury. Since the internal intercostal nerves were detached from the thorax to reinnervate the musculus biceps brachii, it was possible to record pure intercostal motor activity in humans. Respiratory activity was seen in the latter part of the expiratory phase, thus dividing the phase into two substages (E1 and E2) by the onset of the activity. CO2 rebreathing prolonged the duration of the intercostal motor activity and increased the tidal activity as determined from the integration curve. There was a close linear correlation between these two variables. These observations indicate that expiratory activity and its duration are actively controlled in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intercostal block for post operative pain relief.

Intercostal nerve blocks with 0-5 per cent bupivicaine were used for post operative pain relief in 100 patients having upper abdominal operations. The blocks were very effective in 86 patients and had an average duration of 11 hours. Two asymptomatic pneumothoraces occurred.

Bupivacaine↗