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Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molars in children with cleft lip and/or palate.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of ectopic eruption of maxillary first permanent molars in children with cleft lip and palate, and evaluate the influence of both local and genetic factors. Radiographs from 225 children, 125 girls and 100 boys, were studied. The prevalence in cleft children was found to be more than four times higher than in non-cleft children (4.3 per cent). In children with cleft lip or cleft lip and alveolar process the prevalence was 15.4 per cent and in children with cleft palate only it was 28.8 per cent. A notable finding is that the ectopically erupting molar was not related to the cleft side. In children with surgically corrected cleft lip in combination with cleft palate or with cleft palate only, the surgery may have influenced the prevalence to some extent, but the main explanation for the increased prevalence of ectopic eruption in cleft children is a genetic aetiology.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

Association between ectopic eruption of maxillary canines and first molars.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate a possible association between ectopic first molar eruption causing root resorption on the distal root of the primary maxillary second molar, and ectopic canine eruption causing root resorption on the permanent maxillary incisors. The subjects consisted of 30 patients, 22 females and eight males in the age range 8.3-15.0 years in whom root resorption of the permanent maxillary lateral and/or central incisor caused by the erupting permanent canine was diagnosed, and clinical and/or radiographic information concerning maxillary first molar eruption existed. It was found that of the 30 patients, seven (23.3 per cent) also had pathological root resorption of the second primary molar caused by ectopic molar eruption. It is suggested that patients with ectopic maxillary first molar eruption leading to pathological root resorption of the maxillary second primary molar are followed closely during the period of premolar and canine eruption, as the ectopic first molar could be an early warning of an increased risk of ectopic canine eruption leading to root resorption of the maxillary permanent incisors.

Adolescent↗

[Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar].

Ectopic eruption of the first maxillary molars shows a prevalence of 2 to 6% and is classified in two different types: I) "Jumping type" or "reversible ectopic eruption" II) "holding type" or "irreversible ectopic eruption". Different local as well as hereditary factors have been considered as responsible for the ectopic eruption. "Right on time" diagnosis and treatment subsequently, make the latter efficient and mainly easier for both the patient and the treating dentist.

Child↗

Clinical impact of ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features, aetiologic factors, challenging properties (such as radio opacity in Water's view in a patient with no sinusitis), signs and symptoms of the ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical symptoms and radiographic findings of 14 patients with ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus were evaluated. Computed tomography (CT) and conventional radiographic images of maxillary sinus and clinical findings were compared with each other with regard to the final diagnosis. RESULTS: Water's view is inadequate to diagnose ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus in some cases. Panoramic radiographs may be preferred before CT to evaluate the ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus as structure of a tooth can be clearly detected on panoramic radiographs. Crowding was the most common aetiologic factor among the 14 cases. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The patients with ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus should be evaluated thoroughly by complete otorhinolaryngologic, intraoral examinations and proper diagnostic imaging procedures in order to avoid misdiagnosis of maxillary sinusitis. As the opacity of the maxillary sinus in Water's view due to ectopic tooth can be misinterpreted as maxillary sinusitis, patients who have sinusitis-like complaints and opacity of maxillary sinus in Water's view who are resistant to medical treatment should be evaluated with respect to the presence of ectopic tooth.

Adolescent↗

[Ameloblastoma of the maxillary sinus. Apropos of a case].

The ameloblastoma is benign odontogen tumour developed from epithelial remains of MALASSEZ. Because of the inclination to invade in an inexorable way all the surrounding tissues and of the faculty of recurrence after removal, one attributes him the qualifier of good-hearted tumour to local wickedness. The mandibulary localization is the most frequent. Toward the maxillary, it is mostly observed in the tuberosity region. The authors report in the work one case of ameloblastoma developed from the pericoronal cyst of an intrasinusal ectopic canine tooth.

Adolescent↗

Ectopic third molar in the maxillary sinus. Case report.

Ectopic eruption of teeth can occur in a wide variety of sites. These include the mandibular condyle, coronoid process, palate, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. While this process is unusual, the detection of a third molar in the maxillary antrum is extremely rare. A case is presented of ectopic eruption of a third molar in the left maxillary sinus of a 35-year-old caucasian male giving rise to local morbidity.

Adult↗

[Clinical study of ectopic eruption of permanent incisors and first molars].

UNLABELLED: Using the X-ray films, plastic models and pathological photograph of 4824 patients seen at the Department of Pedodontics of Iwate Medical University, the patterns of ectopic eruptions of permanent incisors and first molars (restricted to these teeth in this study) were classified into 4 groups (I-IV) to investigate the conditions of its incidence, size of the teeth and dental arch, and conditions at the stage of the mixed and permanent dentitions. RESULTS: 1. The total frequency of ectopic eruptions was 5.6%. No difference based on sex was found. 2. By classification, ectopic eruptions of the upper and lower permanent central incisors (Group I) amounted to more than half of the total frequency. The incidence of ectopic eruptions of the upper and lower permanent first molars (Group III) was very low and amounted to only 4.6% of the total frequency. 3. In Groups I and III, the incidence was higher in the maxilla than in the mandible. 4. Based on sex, the incidence was higher in boys in Group III and in girls in group II. 5. Ectopia of the permanent central incisors was frequently bilateral and those of the lower permanent lateral incisors and upper permanent first molars were frequently unilateral. 6. The mesiodistal width of the ectopically erupted permanent teeth tended to be somewhat enlarged, but showed no significant differences from Ono's mean value. 7. In ectopic eruptions at the area of the incisors, the C-C distance was narrowed with an increase in the ectopically erupted permanent teeth. 8. In patients in whom the permanent dentition was formed without occlusal guidance, the basal arch length and dental arch length were large and basal arch width and dental arch width were small. 9. In cases which were followed from the deciduous dentitions to permanent dentitions, the anterior tooth area at the stage of the mixed dentition was frequently crowded. Occlusal guidance was carried out in more than half of these cases.

Humans↗

Resorption of incisors after ectopic eruption of maxillary canines: a CT study.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the extent and prevalence of resorption of maxillary incisors after ectopic eruption of the maxillary canines in a sample of subjects referred to an orthodontic specialist clinic for consultation. The subjects consisted of 107 children, 39 boys and 68 girls, between 9 and 15 years of age (mean 12.5 years), with 156 ectopically and 58 normally erupting maxillary canines. All children were subjected to a basic clinical and intraoral radiographic investigation. These radiographs were supplemented with computerized tomography (CT) of the upper alveolar bones in order to get more precise information on the positions and relationships between the maxillary canines and adjacent incisors and to evaluate resorptions on the roots of the incisors. The results showed that, relative to the roots of the adjacent incisors, the crowns of 21% the ectopically positioned canines were located to the buccal, 18% to the distobuccal, 27% to the lingual, 23% to the distolingual, 5% apically and 6% between the central and lateral incisors. Ninety-three percent of the ectopically positioned canines were in contact with the roots of the adjacent lateral incisor and 19% were in contact with the central incisor. The corresponding figures for the normally erupting canines were 49%. Resorptions on the roots of the incisors adjacent to the ectopically positioned canine occurred in 38% of the laterals and in 9% of the centrals. The resorptions were graded and tended to be extensive. Among the 58 resorbed lateral incisors, resorptions were slight in 31%, moderate in 9%, and severe with pulpal involvement in 60%. The corresponding figures for the 14 resorbed centrals were 36%, 21%, and 43%, respectively. About 60% of the resorptions involved the middle and apical thirds, the tip of the apex not included. On the sides with normally erupting canines, 3 lateral maxillary incisors were slightly or moderately resorbed distally. In all, 51 of the 107 subjects with ectopically erupting maxillary canines (48%) had resorbed maxillary incisors during the eruption of the maxillary canines. There were statistically significant correlations between ectopic eruption of the maxillary canine, contacts between the teeth and resorptions on the adjacent incisors. It was concluded that resorption on maxillary incisors after ectopic eruption of the maxillary canines is a more common phenomenon than previously reported and has to be considered in all cases with seriously diverging eruption of maxillary canines. It was also concluded that the resorptions of the roots of the incisors were caused by pressure during the eruption of the adjacent, aberrant canine. Finally, it was shown that CT scanning substantially increased the detection of root resorptions on incisors adjacent to ectopically erupting maxillary canines (about 50%). The sensitivity of intraoral films was low when diagnosing the resorptions, being calculated to 0.68.

Adolescent↗

A case report. Ectopic molars that cause osteomeatal complex obstruction.

During a routine dental examination, a general dentist noticed facial asymmetry in a 42-year-old man. Dental radiography suggested a pathological condition in the sinuses. The dentist referred the patient to a head and neck surgeon for further examination. Computed tomography demonstrated ectopic molars in the maxillary sinuses blocking drainage of the sinuses.

Adult↗

Long-term treatment effects in children with ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molars.

Forty-five out of forty-six children with irreversible ectopic eruption of at least one of the maxillary first permanent molars and treated with cervical headgear could be reached for a 10-year follow-up. The mean age at the start of treatment was 8.3 years (range 6.5-9.9 years). Forty-six individuals served as controls. Two forms of discriminant analysis were used to evaluate treatment effects. The main results are illustrated by pretreatment and 10-year follow-up scatter plots. The latter showed the patients and controls were intermingled, indicating a uniformity of the cases after treatment. All negative side-effects of the treatment were eliminated at the follow-up. Cervical traction treatment is a good choice for correcting ectopically erupted upper first molars in suitable cases.

Adult↗

Ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar: the effect of increased mesial angulation on arch length.

Fifty-four cases of ectopically erupted maxillary permanent first molars were studied with a method using the measurements obtained from photographs of the study casts. The amount of relative loss of anteroposterior arch length of the right and left sides was shown to correlate with the increased mesial angulation of the maxillary permanent first molar. The bilateral ectopic group has a significantly larger mesial angulation of the permanent first molar on a maxilla with shorter anteroposterior arch length. The relative loss of arch length with ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar limits the use of unilateral appliances for treatment. The use of an appliance with bilateral arch support seems preferable.

Cephalometry↗

Radiographic examination of ectopically erupting maxillary canines.

This study analyzes the need for and possibility of obtaining further information from different radiographic procedures in 125 children with potential ectopic eruption of the maxillary canines. After clinical examination of 3,000 10 to 15-year-old children, it was found that 7% needed radiographic examinations for determination of the canine position. Eighty-four children (2.8%), with a total of 125 potential ectopically erupting maxillary canines diagnosed clinically and by means of periapical radiographs, were selected and a stepwise extended radiographic diagnostic procedure was used. Most canines in ectopic eruption were positioned palatally; the positions could be assessed with sufficient accuracy from conventional periapical films in 92% of the cases. Only in 37% of the cases, however, could the lateral incisor be projected free from the ectopic canine by the intraoral technique. The lamina dura of the lateral incisor facing the canine was often found to be interrupted. For 29% of the ectopic canines, the lateral incisors could neither be projected free nor judged free from resorptions and a supplementary polytomographic investigation was believed to be necessary. The number of resorbed teeth was doubled by polytomography and altogether 12.5% of the ectopic canines caused resorptions. A stepwise radiographic procedure including polytomography is described and recommended in cases of ectopic eruption of maxillary canines for determining the correct position and ruling out or confirming resorptions on incisors, thereby optimizing the orthodontic treatment planning.

Adolescent↗