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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Stress in dental practice: a qualitative comparison of dentists working within the NHS and those working within an independent capitation scheme.

A qualitative research methodology was used to compare the stress experienced by dentists working under two different systems of remuneration. No absolute difference was found in the levels of stress experienced by the two groups, as measured by a questionnaire measure of stress experience. Both groups of dentists identified patient management, time pressures and staff and practice management as sources of stress, though the independent capitation scheme dentists felt that they were under less time pressure and faced considerably less paperwork. Techniques for stress management identified by the dentists were limited and symptom-focused. The results suggest that, for dentists at least, changing from NHS to an independent capitation scheme is of great benefit.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2004

The role of dental therapists working in four personal dental service pilots: type of patients seen, work undertaken and cost-effectiveness within the context of the dental practice.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the type of patients seen and work undertaken by dental therapists employed in four personal dental service practices and to report on their cost-effectiveness within the context of the dental practice. METHOD: All members of the dental team used a standard day sheet to record all patient contacts and procedures undertaken in that session. Dental therapists recorded data for 30 consecutive sessions and dentists recorded information for 20 sessions. Items were recorded in sufficient detail to allow later matching with the GDS statement of remuneration and a calculation of the average gross fees and patient charges per session. RESULTS: The role of the dental therapist varied between the practices studied. In two practices the therapist saw a high proportion of child patients, and in one of these this was combined with providing care for a high number of adult patients who were exempt from patient charges. In the two practices where the dental team did not include a dental hygienist, the dental therapist had a relatively high workload providing dental hygiene care for adult patients. It appears that the gross fees and patient charges generated by the dental therapist in all four PDS practices fail to cover the cost of the salary of the dental therapist, dental nurse and associated overheads borne by the practice.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The extrapolation of one-electron basis sets in electronic structure calculations: how it should work and how it can be made to work.

We consider the extrapolation of the one-electron basis to the basis set limit in the context of coupled cluster calculations. We produce extrapolation coefficients that produce much more accurate results than previous extrapolation forms. These are determined by fitting to accurate benchmark results. For coupled cluster singles doubles energies, we take our benchmark results from the work of Klopper that explicitly includes the interelectronic distance. For the perturbative triples energies, our benchmark results are obtained from large even-tempered basis set calculations.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Group work is political work: a feminist perspective of interpersonal group psychotherapy.

When practicing as group leaders, mental health nurses often incorporate Irvin Yalom's (1995, 1998) concepts of social microcosm and here-and-now. This article examines these concepts from a feminist perspective and offers an approach to group psychotherapy that processes gender issues and fosters collective consciousness-raising. A feminist perspective in group therapy challenges us to view the social microcosm as a reenactment of sociopolitical contexts and the here-and-now as a medium for developing personal and social responsibility. Therapy is not only about individual and interpersonal change in group members, but is an opportunity for healthy social change. Therapy becomes political work, raising the social consciousness of each participant as well as the group as a whole.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A survey of work undertaken in 1 year by a medical officer working in a maternal and child health clinic in Hong Kong: implications for training.

A survey of child health work undertaken in 1 year by a medical officer in a typical maternal and child health (MCH) clinic in Hong Kong is reported. The wide spectrum of physical and developmental problems encountered by the MCH doctor demands sound knowledge of basic paediatrics and normal human development. The need for a comprehensive training programme in child health is highlighted.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1993

Effect of tool shape and work location on perceived exertion for work on horizontal surfaces.

Thirty subjects drove screws into perforated sheet metal mounted on a horizontal surface using three air-powered tools that varied in shape (right-angle, in-line, and pistol-shaped). The four horizontal work locations ranged from 13-88 cm in front of the body and were placed at 25 cm intervals. The vertical placement of the horizontal beam was at midthigh, elbow, and midchest height. Subjects drove 25 screws at each tool/work location combination before rating that condition using the Borg 10-point ratio rating scale. The ratings of perceived exertion increased with increasing horizontal distance from the body. When tool shape was not considered, the perceived exertion was virtually equal for driving screws at midthigh or elbow height. The ratings at midchest height were significantly higher than elbow and midthigh height. When tool shape was taken into account, subjects perceived less exertion driving screws with the pistol-shaped tool at midthigh height. The in-line and right-angle tools had the lowest ratings of perceived exertion for driving screws at elbow and midchest height.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Work sampling. A decision-making tool for determining resources and work redesign.

Efficiency and productivity are important factors in managing programs and human resources and in determining resource allocation. Absence of practice productivity and efficiency data leads to inappropriate decisions and actions resulting in detrimental outcomes. It is critical that nurse executives and managers have effective measures by which to analyze productivity and to evaluate empirically the effects of management actions and decisions for any proposed or implemented change. The authors describe a work sampling methodology that can be used to establish a data base for evaluating programmatic, staff mix, role redesign, or care delivery model changes.

Decision Making, Organizational↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The causes and consequences of conflict and violence in nursing homes: working toward a collaborative work culture.

Interpersonal conflict, often spiraling to violence and abuse, is one of the most daunting challenges facing nursing home administrators and their departmental heads. Mounting evidence documents how they spend an inordinate amount of time dealing with angry families, adversarial ombudsmen, regulators, and other hostile parties as well as handling the aftermath of the ubiquitous conflict between the residents and their direct caregivers. All this is in addition to coping with the normal interdepartmental and line staff forms of conflict that typify any organization. This paper details the special dynamics that accelerate dysfunctional conflict in nursing homes and presents strategies, tactics, and style recommendations that will help nursing home leaders build more collaborative work cultures to minimize the effects of dysfunctional conflict.

Conflict, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The causes and consequences of conflict and violence in nursing homes: working toward a collaborative work culture.

Conflict, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

High-fat petrolatum-based moisturizers and prevention of work-related skin problems in wet-work occupations.

The study presented is a randomized, controlled intervention study with the purpose of implementing an evidence-based skin disease prevention programme. The hypothesis explored in this article is whether a high-fat petrolatum-based moisturizer can be an alternative to protective gloves in wet-work occupations. The study population was all gut cleaners in Danish swine slaughterhouses, and data were collected by telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire - The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002). At baseline, 644 (88%) gut cleaners responded and at 1-year follow-up 622 (72%). 135 gut cleaners in the intervention and 277 in the comparison group responded at both telephone interviews. In the intervention group, the eczema frequency was reduced significantly. Detailed analyses revealed that protective gloves are the overall most effective protective means and did not indicate that a high-fat moisturizer could be an alternative. Furthermore, the most extensive improvements could not be explained by combinations of protective behaviour but was found among those who had received information on, and was having discussions on prevention of skin problems. This only applied to the intervention group. A continuous focus on prevention of skin problems with information and discussions on the shop floor therefore seemed to be most important for reducing skin problems.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed2004

Visual search does not remain efficient when executive working memory is working.

Working memory (WM) has been thought to include not only short-term memory stores but also executive processes that operate on the contents of memory. The present study examined the involvement of WM in search using a dual-task paradigm in which participants performed visual search while manipulating or simply maintaining information held in WM. Experiments 1a and 2a involved executive WM tasks that required counting backward from a target digit and sorting a string of letters alphabetically, respectively. In both experiments, the search slopes in the dual-task condition were significantly steeper than those in a search-alone condition, indicating that performing the WM manipulation tasks influenced the efficiency of visual search. In contrast, when information was simply maintained in WM (Experiments 1b and 2b), search slopes did not differ between the single- and dual-task conditions. These results suggest that WM resources related to executive functions may be required in visual search.

Cognition↗

PubMed2006

Compassion fatigue and nursing work: can we accurately capture the consequences of caring work?

Health outcomes and, in particular, patient health outcomes have become a driving force within health-care delivery. Little emphasis has been placed on the potential health consequences for nurses providing care and caring within the health-care system. Compassion fatigue (or secondary traumatic stress) has emerged as a natural consequence of caring for clients who are in pain, suffering or traumatized. This paper sheds light on how nursing work might impact the health of nurses by exploring the concept of compassion fatigue. Limitations of current instruments to measure compassion fatigue are highlighted, and suggestions for future direction are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2000

The treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children. The Status Epilepticus Working Party, Members of the Status Epilepticus Working Party.

There is currently little agreement between hospital protocols when treating convulsive status epilepticus in children, and a working party has been set up to produce a national evidence based guideline for treating this condition. This four step guideline is presented in this paper. Its effectiveness will be highlighted and its use audited in a number of centres.

Anticonvulsants↗

PubMed1990

To work or not to work: that is the question.

Medical publications contain numerous references to obstacles or disincentives confronting patients who wish to return to work after illness or injury. Current developments of importance to this aspect of medical practice and four recent studies, conducted in Edinburgh, that may contribute to the continuing debate about how best to deal with such problems are reviewed. The studies concern measurement of rehabilitation status, identification of potential to benefit from rehabilitation, medical contributions to occupational assessment of accident victims, and patients' patterns of involvement with medical and vocational rehabilitation services. It is concluded that coordination between services is still a major problem and is likely to remain so if more effective bridging between medical and vocational aspects of rehabilitation is not achieved.

Delivery of Health Care↗

PubMed2002

To work or not to work: combination therapies and HIV.

The authors describe the labor force experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS (PHAs) who are taking combination therapies using information from in-depth interviews conducted in 1999 and 2000 in the Windsor and Essex County region of Canada with 35 PHAs. They analyze labor force experience contextually, setting it within the contexts of personal illness experience (including disease trajectory and treatment history), workplace structure and discrimination, the labor market, and the structure of health and social service systems. Barriers to returning to or remaining in the labor force are numerous and require a specific commitment to overcome. Existing workplace and government policies and programs and labor market conditions impede labor force participation for PHAs who have recovered from serious illness and are now able and willing to work.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMed1982

Menopausal age and spontaneous abortion in a group of women working in a Swedish steel works.

Female workers in a Swedish Steel works had a higher parity than clerical day workers. Mean menopausal age was 48 +/- 1 years in shift workers, compared with 49 +/- 1 in industrial day workers and 50 +/- 1 years in clerical day workers. Menstrual irregularity was not found to any higher degree in the industrially exposed groups. A tendency to increased frequency of spontaneous abortion among workers in the metallurgical areas was found, but can probably be explained by factors such as age and smoking habits.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed2004

Joint working relationships: children, parents and child healthcare nurses at work.

In child healthcare children's development is examined and assessed. The main aim of this article is to explore the different ways in which a child health nurse establishes joint working relationships with children and parents. Few studies in child healthcare include nonverbal interaction. It was found that a child often responds to the actions of the nurse and the parent by physical and bodily actions and by the direction of his/her gaze. The nurse has to be able to shift between several different interactional modes using various nonverbal communicative means. She uses her body to shift positions together with shifts in gaze in order to establish an interactional focus and a relationship with the child. The nurse also uses different artifacts in the room as well as the child's spontaneous activities during the assessment of the child's development. In addition, she uses the parents' relationships with their children in order to gain their support and to encourage their children in performing tasks. An important methodological consequence of this study is that it is necessary to use video-recorded data when interactions of this kind are analyzed.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1985

Social group work in a group practice. Group work with the retired elderly in Copenhagen.

Standards of value exist in our society, which are based on a predominant conception of personal worth through socioeconomic utility. This gives some elderly people in their nonwork status, a self-image of uselessness and worthlessness, due to the loss of role, reference group, and decrease in prestige. This condition may lead to depression. Two social workers implemented an experiment on social group work in general practice in Copenhagen. The general practitioners referred for participation thirteen men and women, between sixty and seventy years old, who had left the labour market within the last three years. It seems possible to involve elderly people in expressing their individual problems to each other in a group, and to stimulate a better adaption to the new role as pensioner by increasing the members' ability to compensate through other activities. This might produce guidelines for resolving various common problems among elderly people.

Adaptation, Psychological↗