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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Apatite cement containing antibiotics: efficacy in treating experimental osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis is generally treated by the systemic administration of antibiotics and continuous irrigation after curettage of the lesion, and bone graft is performed secondarily to treat any bone defect. This treatment is associated with major invasion, and also has adverse effects on other organs. If a superior bone filling material were to be developed that allowed high concentrations of antibiotics that acted only locally, and allowed bone formation at the same time, an ideal method of treating osteomyelitis would become available. We created an implant composed of calcium phosphate cement, gentamicin, and poly-L-lactic acid. The results of sustained-release testing in vivo and in vitro demonstrated the release of effective antibiotic concentrations over a 2-month period. Further, when an experimental model of osteomyelitis was produced in rabbits and the implant was inserted after bone marrow curettage, the implant proved effective in preventing the progression of osteomyelitis and in achieving local bone formation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Apatite cement containing cis-diamminedichloroplatinum implanted in rabbit femur for sustained release of the anticancer drug and bone formation.

To treat malignant bone tumors, anticancer drugs are administered systemically, simultaneously with surgical therapy. However, drugs administered systemically have considerable invasive action on bone and other organs, and are also associated with various side effects. A bone-cementing material that can maintain high concentrations of anticancer drug at local sites and which can improve local structural weakness after tumor resection would constitute an ideal therapeutic means of treating malignant bone tumors. We therefore applied the concept of a drug delivery system and developed an implant containing calcium phosphate cement and the anticancer drug, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP). The results of a sustained release test showed that the in-vitro cumulative release ratio of an implant containing 20% CDDP was over 60%, and a release rate of 0.1 mg/day was maintained. Experiments in vivo, using adult rabbits implanted with 10% CDDP, showed that the platinum (Pt) concentration in local bone marrow was an average 3200 microg/tissue.g 6 weeks after implantation. The concentration of Pt in the systemically administered group was 0.2 microg/tissue.g at 6 weeks. The Pt concentrations in other organs of the implanted group were: 3 microg/tissue.g or less in the kidney, and 2 microg/tissue.g or less in liver. These values were lower than those in the systemically administered group (3.5 and 2.1 microg/tissue.g, respectively). Local bone formation was observed by 12 weeks after implantation. Our implant maintained high Pt concentrations at local sites and the bone that formed reinforced the implant.

Animals↗