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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Disposition of sulfadimethoxine in camels (Camelus dromedarius) following single intravenous and oral doses.

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine were determined in six adult camels (Camelus dromedarius) following administration of a mean dosage of 17.5 +/- 2.7 mg/kg both i.v. and p.o. Serial blood samples were collected through an indwelling jugular catheter intermittently for 5 days for both routes. Sulfadimethoxine was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum drug concentration versus time data for each animal was subjected to linear regression, with the best-fit model selected based on residual analysis. The data fit best into a two-compartment open model, with first-order input for oral administration. For orally administered drug, mean maximum serum concentration of 19.3 +/- 1.7 microg/ml was reached at 11.41 +/- 2.59 hr, with an elimination rate constant of 0.09/hr +/- 0.05/hr and an elimination half-life of 11.7 +/- 3 hr. Mean peak serum concentration following i.v. administration was 223 +/- 48 microg/ml. Mean volume of distribution at steady state was 0.393 +/- 0.049 L/kg. Elimination rate constants differed with i.v. and oral administration, suggesting a flip-flop model. Oral bioavailability was 103% +/- 38%. Comparison of maximum serum concentrations to the microbial breakpoint concentration reported for sulfadimethoxine (512 microg/ml) suggests that the dose used in this study, 17.5 +/- 2.7 mg/kg, is insufficient for achieving therapeutic serum levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

An eruptive moderate form of camelpox infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia.

An eruptive moderate form of camelpox infection is reported in camels aged three to four years from the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. The clinical signs were moderate in nature (between the 'mild' and the 'severe' form). The morbidity rate was 100% while the case fatality rate was 0%. Camelpox virus was isolated and identified using electron microscopy and serological analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin/NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase activity by Cibacron blue.

Camel lens zeta-crystallin/NADH:quinone oxidoreductase activity was inhibited by Cibacron blue 3GA (CB) with 9.10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) as an electron acceptor and NADPH as an electron donor in a time-independent and concentration dependent manner. The IC50 value of CB was 50 nM. The Lineweaver-Burk plots and the secondary plots indicated that the inhibition was linear mixed type (partial competitive and pure noncompetitive) with respect to NADPH and noncompetitive with respect to PQ. The estimated inhibition constant (Ki) values were 26.0 nM for NADPH and 55.0 nM for PQ respectively, suggesting that CB has high affinity towards the NADPH binding site. The secondary plots of inhibition with respect to NADPH, also indicate a dissociation constant (Ki) value of 68.0 nM for the zeta-crystallin-NADPH-CB complex. This Ki being greater than the Ki value suggests that noncompetitive inhibition is predominant over competitive inhibition at the NADPH binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition kinetics of camel lens zeta-crystallin: multiple inhibition studies.

The inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin by nitrofurantoin (NF) was uncompetitive with respect to co-factor NADPH, (Ki = 90 microM) and competitive with respect to the substrate 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ), (Ki = 50 microM). Inhibition at micromolar concentrations was also observed with dicoumarol, NADP+ and cibacron blue (CB). Theorell-Yonetani double-inhibition analysis showed that NF and dicoumarol were mutually exclusive inhibitors against PQ. However, analysis of NF and NADP+ by a double-inhibition plot showed that they simultaneously bind to the enzyme molecule. These studies demonstrate that NF and dicoumarol share the same site so that both molecules are prevented from binding at the same time, while NF and NADP+ can bind simultaneously to different sites on the enzyme. Although CB was noncompetitive with respect to PQ, double inhibition analysis showed that CB and dicoumarol or NF were mutually exclusive inhibitors against PQ, implying a distinct mode of inhibition for CB.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Thermodynamic investigation of camel retina acetylcholinesterase inhibition by cyclophosphamide.

The present work addresses the estimation of energy parameters such as Gibb's free energy change (delta G), enthalpy change (delta H); entropy change (delta S) and activation energy (E a) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) from camel retina in the absence and presence of the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide (CP). A spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of AChE activity, which was the basis for determination of these parameters. The PZ factor (number of sterically and energetically favorable collisions occurring between CP and AChE) have also been studied in this investigation. The energy parameters obtained in the present investigation were compared with the values reported elsewhere.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin/NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase activity by chlorophenols.

Chlorophenols comprise a major class of environmental contaminants. They are extensively used as insecticides, fungicides, mold inhibitors, antiseptics and disinfectants. We found some of these compounds to be strong inhibitors of zeta-crystallin. This oxidoreductase enzyme was isolated from camel lens and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by the chlorophenols tested in a time-independent but concentration-dependent manner. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was the most potent inhibitor (IC50 = 3 microM; Ki = 3.2 microM) whereas 4-chlorophenol was the least potent (IC50 = 4.1 mM). There appeared to be a relationship between the degree of chlorination of the phenols and inhibition of zeta-crystallin activity. The position of the chlorine substituent on the phenol may also influence the potency of these compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Grain founder in a male camel (Camelus dromedarius).

A rare case of laminitis was recorded in an adult camel that was kept in confinement without giving any exercise and fed daily with considerable quantity of pearl millet grains (Pennisetum typhoideus) for more than five months.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

The prevalence of antibody of antibody to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (Mycoplasma strain F38) in some wild herbivores and camels in Kenya.

Sera of 11 species of wild herbivores were tested for antibody to Mycoplasma strain F38 which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Kenya. Antibodies were found in buffalo (Syncerus caffer) (32%), impala (Aepyceros melampus) (10%) and camels (Camelus dromedarius) (49%) but not in bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), eland (Taurotragus oryx), Grant's gazelle (Gazella granti), kongoni (Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei), oryx (Oryx beisa), Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsonii), waterbuck (Kobus defassa) and wildebeest (Connochaetus taurinus).

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1980

A case report of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria cameli in a camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Nigeria.

The gross and histopathologic lesions caused by Eimeria cameli in the intestinal tract of a camel (Camelus dromedarius) are described. Post mortem examination showed lesions in the small intestine which had swollen mucosa on which were numerous whitish-grey foci. Histologically, giant schizonts in various developmental stages were seen in the lamina propria of the jejunum. The associated inflammatory cellular response in these areas was predominantly mononuclear and eosinophilic in character.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862) Diptera: Sacrophagidae) causing a vaginal myiasis in domesticated two-humped camels in the Mongolian People's republic].

Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862) [Diptera: Sarcophagidae] was established as the causal agent of a vaginal myiasis in female camels in the Mongolian Democratic Republic. Changes of the genitals occur nearly the beginning of June, 4-6 weeks after foaling, a spontaneous recovery is seen at the beginning of October. Clinical signs of the vaginal myiasis and morphology of the three stages of larvae are described in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Congenital ocular anomalies and ventricular septal defect in a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).

A 5-wk-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) was clinically diagnosed with bilateral corneal dermoids, incomplete congenital cataracts, a left persistent hyaloid artery (PHA), and a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The corneal dermoids were removed by lamellar keratectomy, and vision improved in the left eye. Thirteen months after dermoid surgery, the calf was presented for enlargement of the right eye. Glaucoma was confirmed in the right eye, and corneal fibrosis and cataract were noted in the left eye. Persistence of the VSD was confirmed by cardiac ultrasonography. The calf was euthanized, and necropsy findings confirmed VSD. Histopathologic examination revealed bilateral corneal thinning and fibrosis, cataracts with retrolental fibroplasia, and retinal dysplasia. Additional changes in the right globe were anterior segment dysgenesis, ruptured lens capsule, chronic phacoclastic uveitis, and retinal separation. The PHA was confirmed in the left eye.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans in the dromedary camel.

Caseous lymphadenitis that affected the dorsal and ventral superficial lymph nodes in the left cervicothoracic region of a young dromedary camel is described. The agent isolated was Corynebacterium ulcerans. To our knowledge, this is the first description of purulent lymphadenitis caused by C. ulcerans in a species belonging to the Camelidae.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fibrous osteodystrophy in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Fibrous osteodystrophy of the facial and long bones was diagnosed in four dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). None of the animals responded to treatment with antiinflammatory medications or calcium supplements. The lesions were probably caused by multiple factors, including inappropriate diet and gastrointestinal parasitism. A critical factor in lesion formation may have been vitamin D deficiency secondary to gastrointestinal malabsorption and inadequate winter exposure to ultraviolet light.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Camel: a new Egyptian host for Fasciola gigantica.

F. gigantica is a known liver fluke in Egypt. Infection has been reported in sheep, goats, buffaloes, cows and donkeys. Human cases have been reported from several governorates. This paper records camels as an additional host for F. gigantica in Egypt. In such materials worms attained a length of 6.0-6.3 cm.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Phospholipid- and fatty acid-composition in the erythrocyte membrane of the one-humped camel [Camelus dromedarius] and its influence on vesicle properties prepared from these lipids.

The lipid composition of the membrane of erythrocytes from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) concerning the different lipid classes and the fatty acids was investigated for the first time. The most frequently occurring lipids are sphingomyelin (28.8% of total lipids), phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (each about 12%). The cholesterol/lipid ratio was calculated to be 0.30 (w/w). The fatty acids consist of shorter and/or more unsaturated chains, which resulted in a more fluid membrane compared to human RBC membranes. Liposomes prepared from erythrocyte lipid extracts were used to investigate the membrane properties resulting from this special lipid mixture. These vesicles were sufficient stable in buffer and significantly more stable than vesicles prepared from human erythrocyte lipid extracts in serum at 37 degrees C. Lipoplexes prepared from cationic erythrocyte lipid liposomes and a reporter gene showed in vitro an improved transfection on two colon carcinoma cells with an enhancement of up to 400% in beta-galactosidase activity in comparison to Lipofectin.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Bionomics of ticks collected from Sinai Peninsula: 2- abundance, attachment sites, and density estimators of ticks infesting Arabian camels.

Ten camels were examined monthly from January to December 1999, in Beer Lehfen North Sinai Gavernorate. A total of 5468 adult ticks of 6 species and subspecies of genus Hyalomma; H. dromedrii, H. ipmeltatum, H. a. excavatum, H. a. anatolicum, H. schulzei, and H. marginatum rufipes, in addition to 115 Hyalomma nymphs' species were collected. Of these, the first 4 types represented about 96.2% of the total collection. The infestation rate was higher during the period from March to November. The average monthly infestation rate was 22.78+/-3. The large number of the adult ticks were concentrated on tail, brisket, anus, and udder which totaled 68.2%. Attachment sites of males and females were not significantly correlated in most species. Nymphs were localized in few sites, whereas 91.6% of the total nymphs were attached to hump, neck, head (ear), and side. H. dromedarii, H. impeltatum, and H. a. excavatum were found on most of the body sites, tail, brisket, udder, and anus, totaling 79.9%. Males exceeded females in all sites, and were alone on neck and legs. Females were the only stage collected from udder. Both sex of H. a. anatolicum were collected from tail. H. schulzei and H. m. rufipes were concentrated in brisket, udder, anus, and tail.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1975

On the relation between testes size and sperm reserves in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).

The size, weight and volume as well as the sperm content of the testes of 18 mature, 6-10-year-old camels with unknown breeding history were determined after slaughtering and then related to one another. It was found that the weight and the volume of the testes can be estimated fairly accurately by means of their length. The length of the testes can also be used to calculate the sperm reserves, although more accurate values can be obtained by taking the square numbers of the testes length, breadth, and thickness into account. The average values for gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves of paired testes and epididymides was 6.278 +/- 1.226 X 10(9) and 12.177 +/- 2.316 X 10(9) respectively. The sperm production per gram testes tissue was 40.55 +/- 15 X 10(6).

Animals↗