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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxigenicity. I. Methods.

A culture medium has been developed, using the components easily available in Czechoslovakia, that ensures high-yield production of staphylococcal enterotoxins. Its quality was tested by the "cellophane-over-age" cultivation method using standard prototype strains of staphylococci. The microprecipitation method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins was modified and practically tested. Its sensitivity was 0.3 micrograms/ml in enterotoxins A, B and C, and 0.6 micrograms/ml in types D and E.

Culture Media↗

PubMed1980

[Bacteriocin properties of lactobacilli of the subgenus Streptobacterium].

Morphology of the growth inhibition zones of Lactobacilli indicator strains, as well as cellophane diffusion, thermostability, sensitivity to bacterial proteases, trypsin, chemotrypsin, pepsin, papain, nucleases and lysosyme of 3 bacteriocins produced by L. casei and 2 bacteriocins produced by L. plantarum was studied. By differences in their properties the bacteriocins were divided into 5 types, including 3 types of bacteriocins from L. casei and 2 types of bacteriocins from L. plantarum.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed1981

[Bacteriocin properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus].

Bacteriocins produced by L. acidophilus were studied with respect to the character and size of the growth inhibition zones, diffusion across cellophane, sensitivity to proteases, nucleases and lysozyme, thermostability, capacity of adsorption by the indicator strains and effect on Lactobacillus. By the differences in the properties and action on various species of Lactobacillus the bacteriocins were classified as belonging to 12 types of L. acidophilus.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1976

Perinephritis hypertension in monkeys. I. An increase of plasma renin activity associated with increased permeability of retinal vessels and angionecrosis.

The renal parenchyma of 5 crub-eating monkeys (Macaca irus) was wrapped by cellophane, and plasma renin activity, blood pressure and vascular permeability of ocular ground were measured in comparison with 5 unoperated control monkeys. The results demonstrated that increases of systolic arterial pressure, plasma renin activity, and permeability of the retinal vessels were found in 4 operated monkeys. There was no such abnormal finding in the unoperated control monkeys. Generally there was a rough parallelism among levels of plasma renin activity and systolic blood pressure, an increase of permeability of retinal vessels and fibrinoid angionecrosis and/or necrotizing angitis similar to polyarteritis nodosa.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Study of the bactericidal activity of pristinamycin ].

In vitro, the bacteriostatic activity of pristinamycin varies according to the relative proportion of its two components, P I and P II, following a bell-shaped curve reflecting their synergistic effect. In vivo, the pharmacological profile of both components could be different and their synergistic bacteriostatic effect may therefore vary. This led us to study the bactericidal activity of different concentrations of the two components. Strains of staphylococci of varying sensitivity to macrolides and to each of the two components, P I and P II, were tested in our laboratory. We studied the bactericidal effect of various relative concentrations of both components tested in nutrient broth and transferred on nutrient agar, using Millipore membranes (according to the modified Chabbert's technique of cellophane transfer). We showed that the synergistic bactericidal activity of the two components yields a curve quite different from that observed for their bacteriostatic activity: the bactericidal activity is excellent, irrespective of the relative proportions of P I and P II in the medium. For all tested strains and relative proportions of both components, the MIC/MBC ratio is equal to one. We can therefore conclude that the determination of the SBA is useless and can assume that, as far as the serum levels of both components are above the MIC for the pathogenic strains, the blood is bactericidal. We have previously shown that transient incubation of P II on its target (50 S ribosomal sub-unit) led to a binding strength which is high (bactericidal activity) and prolonged ("bacteriopause").

Bacteria↗

PubMed1982

[Comparative bactericidal activity of beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The effects of combining each of 10 beta-lactamins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, cefsulodin) with 6 aminoglycosides were studied in vitro against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bactericidal activity was tested by two methods: solid medium technique of "cellophane transfer" and "checkerboard" method (broth-dilution micromethod partly automatic). No single antagonism was observed. Concerning new penicillins, the percentage of synergy is increasing from carbenicillin, to ticarcillin, to azlocillin and finally to piperacillin. For recent cephalosporins, the most synergistic combinations are obtained with ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and ceftazidime. If aminoglycosides associations are considered, there is a good activity whichever antibiotic chosen, with a higher level for streptomycin and lower one for tobramycin. Dibekacin combinations, also tested by the checkerboard method, are particularly synergistic with azlocillin and piperacillin for new penicillins, and equally well with ceftriaxone for recent cephalosporins.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1978

Simultaneous treatment of portal hypertension and hepatic cirrhosis by splenohepatoplasty.

A study was done on the action of splenohepatoplasty upon intrahepatic and prehepatic portal hypertension. Portal hypertension was induced Wistar rats following the establishment of cirrhotic conditions. Hepatic cirrhosis was obtained in these rats by an oral, daily dose of tioacetamide during a four and five month period. Prehepatic hypertension was produced in dogs by the installation of a rubber cylinder, completely covered by cellophane paper, around the trunk of the vena porta. This procedure brought about a progressive compression of the vena porta. The application of splenoheptoplasty is a highly valuable treatment for portal hypertension as a derivative system and for intrahepatic portal hypertension as a derivative regenerative system.

Acetamides↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Some properties of bacteriocins from Erwinia].

The following properties of eight bacteriocins produced by Erwinia strains were investigated: thermal stability, sensitivity to proteolytc enzymes and enzymes involved in nucleic acid catabolism, dialyzability through a cellophane membrane. Their molecular weight was also measured. The bacteriocins proved to be protein substances with a molecular weight of 17,000--33,000 that differed in their thermal stability and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes.

Bacteriocins↗

PubMed1982

Current status of predictive animal models for drug photoallergy and their correlation with drug photoallergy in humans.

The number of adverse responses considered to be drug photosensitivity reactions account for only an exceedingly small percentage of the total undesirable effects from environmental chemicals. However, the rising incidence of and severe disability resulting from drug photosensitivity, especially when the photosensitivity is of the persistent light reactor type, indicate that increased photobiologic research and development efforts are required. Predictive tests are an obvious approach to minimize or eliminate those chemicals showing a risk-benefit ratio that is undesirable to society in general or to an unknowing individual in particular. Animal models with predictive value for determining the risk of photoallergic contact dermatitis in humans have undergone considerable modification during the past decade. This study reports an improved experimental guinea pig model for inducing photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette. In contrast to previously described models that used Freund's adjuvant, this model does not require nuchal stripping with cellophane tape. Control studies for primary irritancy, phototoxicity, allergic contact dermatitis, and "angry back" syndrome were included in the experimental design. Only photoallergic contact dermatitis was observed. Although the technique used to demonstrate this phenomenon is conducive to standardization, additional studies are required to ascertain whether or not other chemicals known to be photoallergic in humans can also be demonstrated with this animal model.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Helminth and pinworm control for primary school and kindergarten children by periodical mass-examination and treatment in Suan-Yuan District, Taipei (author's transl)].

The mass pre-control survey was done in fall semester 1978 by both methods that Kato's thick smear for helminthic infection and cellophane tape perianal swab for pinworm infection. There are about 19,000 primary school children and around 5,000 kindergarten children in Suan-yuan District, being the subjects. The helminthic positive rates (%) obtained were 5.18 and 3.81, respectively. The rates for pinworm were found 28.68% former and 29.00% for the latter. Drug was given to the egg-positive persons after mass examination, in each semester, for three consecutive years. Two broad-spectrum anthelmintics, pyrantel pamoate and mebendazole were used. The children who harbored Ascaris, hookworm or pinworm were given pyrantel tablet as a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, and whipworm positives were given a standard course of 100 mg of mebendazole twice daily for three days. After three-year operation, in accordance with the results of examination in Spring semester 1981, the egg positive rates were sharply dropped to 0.56% for the primary school children and 0.50% for the kindergarten. The pinworm infection rates for the above-mentioned group were also reduced to 13.05% and 18.68%, respectively.

Child↗

PubMed1982

[Comparative evaluation of methods of obtaining phagolysates modelled on d'Herelle's plague microbe phage].

Various methods for phage multiplication have been tested: the method of cellophane membranes, the method of combined media, the method of forced aeration of a liquid medium, growth at suboptimal temperature and growth at optimal temperature under stationary conditions. The phage in a high concentration (n X 10(10) plaque-forming units per ml) can be obtained by any of these methods with the exception of the last one yielding lower (by 1 or 2 orders) effectiveness of multiplication. The main factors which determine the titer of the phage in lysate are concentration of live cells in the suspension and temperature of growth.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed1978

[Effects of chronic and progressive obstruction of the main pancreatic duct on the epithelium of the ducts and the exocrine pancreatic tissue].

The alarming increase in the number of clinical cases of carcinoma of the pancreas provides the stimulation to search for an experimental model that produces chronic progressive obstruction of the main pancreatic duct. Fifteen mongrel dogs were studied for 1 to 11 weeks. To induce chronic progressive obstruction of the pancreatic duct, a cellophane tape was placed around the main duct adjacent to its entrance into the duodenum and tied over a needle with a diameter identical to that of the duct; the needle was then withdrawn. All minor ducts were identified by pancreatography and then ligated with 2-0 silk. Each animal was followed up by repeated ductal pancreatography and measurements of serum amylase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural studies were also performed. On both gross and microscopic examination each animal demonstrated chronic pancreatitis with preservation of the islands of Langerhans. In the early period (4 to 7 days) complete ductal obstruction occurred as demonstrated by pancreatography and by elevated serum values for amylase (264% increase) and alkaline phosphatase (209% increase). In contrast to what is seen after acute ductal ligation, the ductal epithelial cells increased in number and height. At 4 weeks a new collateral ductal system had developed and serum amylase and alkaline phosphatase values had reverted to normal. This model is useful in studying the kinetics of pancreatic ductal regeneration and the pathophysiology associated with chronic pancreatic ductal obstruction.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Absence of bacteremia and endotoxemia despite contaminated dialyzate.

Fevers associated with hemodialysis have been attributed to the transfer of relatively large endotoxin molecules and/or bacteria from contaminated dialyzate across the dialyzing membrane. We evaluated 27 patients during hollow-fiber dialysis when, due to a malfunction, dialysis fluids contained bacteria and endotoxin at levels previously reported to be associated with pyrogenic reactions. Neither endotoxin nor bacteria was detected in 54 venous and arterial blood specimens collected at the termination of hemodialysis. Temperature elevations did not occur during or within 1/2 hr after dialysis. In an extended study, 20 dialyzers were collected after single patient use and the dialyzate compartment was filled with highly contaminated dialyzate, while the blood compartment was filled with sterile pyrogen-free saline. Following 5 to 7 days incubation, bacteria were present in the blood compartments of 4 of 20 dialyzers, probably due to contamination during dialyzer handling. However, the much smaller endotoxin molecule could not be detected in the absence of bacterial contamination. These results indicate that the intact cellophane membrane is an effective barrier to endotoxin and bacteria under clinical conditions.

Endotoxins↗

PubMed1995

Common intestinal helminths.

Groups at risk for intestinal helminth infestation include international students and travelers, migrant laborers, refugees, children of foreign adoptions and the homeless. Symptoms are often minimal or vague, yet many such infections carry significant long-term morbidity. Enterobius vermicularis, the common pinworm, is usually manifested in children as anal itching and is best diagnosed by using the cellophane-tape test to recover eggs from the perianal skin. Treatment with mebendazole is indicated for the entire family. Trichuris, or whipworm, infection may be found with Ascaris infection, but whipworms are longer-lived and more likely to produce symptoms that mimic those of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment for these parasites is mebendazole. Other significant helminthic infections, which are currently more common in immigrant populations, include hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale), threadworms (Strongyloides) and various tapeworms (Taenia, Diphyllobothrium and Hymenolepis species).

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Analysis of the occurrence of intestinal parasites among children in first grade in elementary school in Poland in the school year 1992/3].

In 1992/93 there were reexamined in Poland 10% of the population of children aged 7 years for the presence of intestinal parasites, continuing country-wide operation launched in 1988. The examination included 60,288 children, 38,003 inhabiting towns and 22,285 from the country. Among the examined in each voivodeship the numbers of children from towns and country were proportional to the actual number of children living in the two localities. The methods included examination of direct faecal smear in 0.85% NaCl and in Lugol's iodine, zinc sulphate flotation, decantation and cellophane swabs according to NIH. The parasites encountered in order of decreasing frequency comprised: E. vermicularis, G. intestinalis, Entamoeba coli, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. The highest number of infected children was found in the Biała Podlaska district. The number of infected among children inhabiting country was significantly higher than among those from the towns. The obtained results have confirmed hitherto existing views that in Poland the epidemiological situation of infections with intestinal parasites is steadily improving.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Simple technic for multiple small sample lyophilization].

This simple and easily reproducible technique does not pretend to be new in principle but is still very convenient for drying numerous samples. The advantage of the technique is based on preliminary sample freezing just before dessication. The tubes must be sealed with needle punctured cellophane to avoid the samples squeezing out by ice-entraped air bubbles. This approach is especially convenient for protein structure investigations when it is necessary to dry and accumulate peptides from the maps on high-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography. In a 1.5-litre dessicator some 20 ml of sample can be dried out without reloading.

Freeze Drying↗

PubMed1995

'Surgical mules': the smuggling of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract.

The presentation to surgical units of patients carrying illegal drugs in the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent occurrence at hospitals sited close to international airports. Drugs, usually heroin or cocaine, are wrapped in cellophane packets or condoms. The packages are intracorporeally concealed by being swallowed or passed into the rectum. The majority of drug traffickers carrying intracorporeal drug packages do not require any medical intervention. Recent reports have suggested that these patients are best treated expectantly avoiding any operative procedures. However, the quantity of drug in any one of the ingested packets is usually above the toxic dose and acute drug toxicity, as well as bowel obstruction, can result in fatalities. We report a series of five patients who presented over a period of 2 years to a hospital close to Heathrow International Airport, London. The presentation and treatment are reviewed and the management of such 'surgical mules' discussed. We have shown that conservative treatment is appropriate providing bowel obstruction or package perforation has not occurred.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A survey of intestinal parasites in students of Adult Educational Center in Sivas, Turkey.

The prevalence of intestinal parasites in students of Adult Educational Center (Halk Egitim Merkezi) in Sivas, Turkey was assessed. All of the students were females and their age ranged from 12 to 46 with a mean age of 19. Diagnosis was made following examination of stool specimens and cellophane tape preparations (CTP). From each stool specimen only one preparation prepared in saline was searched for both protozoon and helminth parasites. A total of 524 stool specimens and 504 CTP were examined. One or more parasites were detected in 34.5% the former and 23.8% of the latter. When the findings in both specimens were combined the infection rate raised to 48.0%. 176 of the 485 students harboured one, whereas 57 had more than one parasite; 87 had only protozoa, 104 only helminths whereas 42 were infected with parasites of the two groups. The rate of parasites found was as follows: G. intestinalis 8.2%, E. histolytica 1.2%, E. coli 17.9%, A. lumbricoides 2.3%, T. trichiura 0.8%, E. vermicularis 12.6%, T. saginata 16.7%, H. nana 1.0%, and others 0.6. Findings were evaluated from several points.

Adolescent↗