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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A large Clostridium perfringens foodborne outbreak with an unusual attack rate pattern.

On November 7, 1985, a Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis outbreak occurred in approximately 44% of the 1,362 employees at a Connecticut factory. Although the same foods were served to all three shifts at an employee banquet on November 6, the attack rate was almost twice as high for those who ate on the day shift (attack rate = 50%) than for those on the evening shift (attack rate = 20%) or night shift (attack rate = 29%). Among employees of the day shift, attack rates were highest for those who ate during the first 30 minutes of the 2.5-hour day shift serving period and decreased throughout the serving period. The one-hour evening shift serving period had a similar trend toward higher attack rates earlier in the serving period. Four main-course foods were significantly associated with illness, and over 95% of the employees had eaten each of them. Stratified analysis indicated that gravy was the responsible food and, furthermore, that the decreasing attack rate pattern within serving periods occurred only for those who ate gravy. The gravy had been prepared 12-24 hours in advance of banquet service. After it was prepared, the gravy was improperly cooled and was reheated shortly before and throughout the serving periods. Persons who ate gravy that had been reheated for the longest period of time had the lowest attack rate, probably because they were exposed to a lower concentration of organisms. This outbreak underscores the need for properly reheating food to prevent C. perfringens gastroenteritis and suggests that analysis of attack rate trends may provide important epidemiologic clues to understanding the causes of foodborne disease outbreaks.

Clostridium Infections↗
PubMed1992

Clostridium perfringens outbreak associated with minestrone soup.

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning usually occurs after animal protein foods such as meat or poultry are consumed. In November 1990, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness occurred among attendees at a conference of cake decorators held in Michigan. All 42 conference attendees were surveyed. Thirty-two of 42 (76%) attendees reported gastrointestinal symptoms. The median incubation period was 6.5 hours (range, 1.5-15 hours). Ill persons were almost five times more likely to have consumed minestrone soup than were those who were not ill (relative risk = 4.92, 95% confidence interval 1.23-infinity). Bacteriologic analysis identified C. perfringens in the soup and in 11 of 12 stool specimens from ill persons. The soup was cooked 2 days prior to serving and was slowly cooled before refrigeration; it was briefly reheated on the day served. Failure to monitor time and temperature controls during the cooling and reheating of the soup probably allowed for C. perfringens proliferation in the minestrone soup. This investigation demonstrated that nonanimal protein sources, such as legumes, can support substantial C. perfringens growth and should be regarded as potential vehicles in C. perfringens outbreaks.

Clostridium Infections↗
PubMed1997

The effect of added complex carbohydrates or added dietary fiber on necrotic enteritis lesions in broiler chickens.

Two trials utilizing two corn diets and four wheat diets were conducted. In Trial 2, all chicks were crop-infused at 9 d of age with Eimeria acervulina. In both trials, a broth culture of Clostridium perfringens was mixed with the diets for 3 consecutive d. Necrotic enteritis lesion scores were lowest in chickens consuming the corn diet with no C. perfringens and highest in chickens fed the wheat diets with C. perfringens. Chickens consuming a wheat diet with no added complex carbohydrates or added fiber exhibited the highest lesion score. Chickens on wheat diets with 4% new, ground, pine shavings had intestinal lesion scores intermediate to those of chickens that consumed the wheat or corn diets. Chickens consuming corn diets yielded the lowest lesion scores. Chickens provided diets containing either guar gum or pectin were not fully consumed and thus probably reduced the number of challenge organisms ingested.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of in-feed tylosin phosphate for the treatment of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

The efficacy of tylosin phosphate for the treatment of necrotic enteritis (NE) was investigated in a floor pen study of 2,000 broiler chickens. A model in which Clostridium perfringens was administered in the feed on Days 14 to 16 was used to initiate an outbreak of NE. Treatments, allocated at the pen level in a randomized complete block design, consisted of five levels of tylosin phosphate (0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 ppm) administered in the feed on Days 15 to 22, following the identification of an outbreak of NE on Day 15. Mortality due to NE was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for medicated birds at all dose levels of tylosin phosphate compared to unmedicated birds. Mean NE lesion scores on Day 17 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by all levels of tylosin treatment compared to those of unmedicated birds, decreasing linearly from 2.66 at 0 ppm to 0.38 at 100 ppm and 0 at higher doses. Tylosin at all levels provided improvement in Day 29 body weight, average daily gain, feed to gain ratio, and average daily feed intake compared to unmedicated birds. The results of this study provide evidence that tylosin phosphate, when administered in feed, is effective in the treatment of clinical outbreaks of NE in broiler chickens and suggest that the optimal dose for this purpose is 100 ppm.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate when fed in combination with narasin in the management of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) in the management of necrotic enteritis (NE) when fed in combination with narasin was investigated in a floor-pen study of 2,000 broiler chickens using a Clostridium perfringens inoculum challenge model. Treatments consisted of 1) nonchallenged-nonmedicated; 2) challenged-nonmedicated; 3) challenged-narasin (70 ppm); 4) challenged-BMD (55 ppm); 5) challenged-narasin (70 ppm) + BMD (55 ppm). Medication was provided in the feed from Day 0 to trial termination on Day 41. C. perfringens challenge occurred from Day 14 to 16. BMD and narasin, fed alone and in combination, reduced (P < 0.05) mortality due to NE when compared to challenged-nonmedicated birds. NE lesion scores (Days 0 through 41) were lower among birds fed BMD and narasin, alone and in combination, compared to challenged-nonmedicated birds. Improvements in NE mortality and NE lesion scores were greatest for the BMD + narasin-medicated birds, followed by the BMD-alone, and then narasin-alone treated birds. BMD and narasin, alone and in combination, provided improvements (P < 0.05) in average daily gains over the entire study (Days 0 to 41). The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of BMD and narasin in the management of NE in broiler chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sudden infant death, large intestinal volvulus, and a duplication cyst of the terminal ileum.

A previously well 7-week-old boy was found unresponsive and cyanotic in his cot in the morning. Resuscitative attempts achieved only partial response with subsequent terminal cardiac arrest occurring later in the day. At autopsy a large intestinal volvulus was found associated with disseminated Clostridium perfringens sepsis. In addition, a duplication cyst of the terminal ileum was present. Although rare, right-sided colonic volvulus may be a cause of unexpected death in infancy. While predisposing factors to volvulus may include intestinal duplication cysts, the anatomic relation of the duplication to the volvulus must be carefully determined before a causal relation can be accepted; the cyst in this case was most likely incidental to the terminal event.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

Drug injection injuries of the upper extremity.

The increasing incidence of illicit intravenous drug abuse has reached epidemic proportions in western society. Although the accompanying infectious complications such as hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome receive the most notoriety, injection injuries are causing an increasing number of problems. A retrospective review of patients requiring admission for acute or chronic drug injection injuries of the upper extremities was made at the Detroit Receiving Hospital from 1980 through 1985. The demographical, historical, physical, microbiological, and follow-up data were analyzed. The majority of the injuries involved subcutaneous injections into the hand with accompanying inflammatory or infectious complications. The bacteriological data revealed unique characteristics and did not reflect patterns expected from inoculation of normal skin flora. A treatment regimen based on the data is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Retrorectal tumor: is biopsy risky?

A 55-year-old white man with an extensive retrorectal tumor died after transrectal needle biopsy. The indications and methods for biopsy of tumors in this location are controversial and are not well delineated in the literature. When resection seems unlikely or risky, or if a neoplasm is suspected which could be treated by nonsurgical means, biopsy is indicated. Antibiotics with aerobic and anaerobic coverage should be given prophylactically. When CT scan or sigmoidoscopic findings suggest a necrotic tumor, the transrectal approach should be avoided.

Biopsy↗